• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.401-418
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• 2000

1. Production of the artificial zeolite from coal ash Coal fly ash is mainly composed of several oxides including $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ derived from inorganic compounds remained after burning. As minor components, $Fe_2O_3$ and oxides of Mg, Ca, P, Ti (trace) are also contained in the ash. These components are presented as glass form resulting from fusion in the process of the combustion of coal. In other word, coal ash may refer to a kind of aluminosilicate glass that is known to easily change to zeolite-like materials by hydrothermal reaction. Lots of hot seawater is disposing near thermal power plants after cooling turbine generator periodically. Using seawater in the hydrothermal reaction caused to produce low price artificial zeolite by reduction of sodium hydroxide consumption, heating energy and water cost. As coal ash were reacted hydrothermally, peaks of quartz and mullite in the ash were weakened and disappeared, and new Na-Pl peaks were appeared strengthily. Si-O-Si bonding of the bituminous coal ash was changed to Si-O-Al (and $Fe^{3+}$) bonding by the reaction. Therefore the produced Na-Pl type zeolite had high CEC of 276.7 $cmol^+{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and well developed molecular sieve structure with low concentration of heavy metals. 2. Utilization of the artificial zeolite in agro-environment The artificial zeolite(1g) could remove 123.5 mg of zinc, 164.7 mg copper, 184.4 mg cadmium and 350.6 mg lead in the synthetic wastewater. The removability is higher 2.8 times in zinc, 3.3 times in copper, 4.7 times in cadmium and 4.8 times in lead than natural zeolite and charcoal powder. When the heavy metals were treated at the ratio of 150 $kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ to the rice plant, various growth inhibition were observed; brownish discoloration and death of leaf sheath, growth inhibition in culm length, number of panicles and grains, grain ripening and rice yield. But these growth inhibition was greatly alleviated by the application of artificial zeolite, therefore, rice yield increased $1.1{\sim}3.2$ times according to the metal kind. In addition, the concentration of heavy metals in the brown rice also lowered by $27{\sim}75%$. Artificial Granular Zeolites (AGZ) was developed for the purification of wastewater. Canon exchange capacity was 126.8 $cmol^+{\cdot}kg^{-1}$. AGZ had Na-Pl peaks mainly with some minor $C_3S$ peaks in X-ray diffractogram. In addition, AGZs had various pore structure that may be adhere the suspended solid and offer microbiological niche to decompose organic pollutants. AGZ could remove ammonium, orthophosphate and heavy metals simultaneously. Mixing ratio of artificial zeolite in AGZs was related positively with removal efficiency of $NH_4\;^+$ and negatively with that of $PO_4\;^{3-}$. Root growth of rice seedling was inhibited severely in the mine wastewater because of strong acidity and high concentration of heavy metals. As AGZ(1 kg) stayed in the wastewater(100L) for 4days, water quality turned into safely for agricultural usage and rice seedlings grew normally.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2017

본 연구는 부가 여과판의 재질로 구리와 니켈을 선정하여 각 물질에 따라 선량과 화질의 차이를 비교 평가하였다. 먼저, 선량에 대한 실험은 흡수선량 측정으로 란도 팬텀을 이용하여 구리 및 니켈의 부가 여과판을 None, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm로 변화시켜 설치하고 120 kVp, 6.3 mAs의 조건으로 조사하였다. 두 번째로, 관전압 변화와 노출지수 변화에 따라 부가 여과판 두께별로 얻은 영상을 Image J 프로그램을 이용하여 SNR과 CNR값을 구하여 영상을 평가 하였다. 흡수선량 측정은 니켈이 구리보다 높게 나왔으며, 두께가 증가할수록 흡수선량은 감소하였다(p<0.05). 관전압이 증가와 노출지수 변화에 대해서도 두 영상에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 결론적으로 본 연구는 부가 여과판에서 니켈은 기존의 구리에 비해 피폭선량을 감소하면서도 현재의 영상의 질을 유지할 수 있는 물질임을 알 수 있다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2009

I think this will be valuable reference for assuring consistency and homogeneity of clarity and managing dental radiation equipment by experimentation of dental radiation equipment permanent which based on KS C IEC 61223-3-4 standard and KS C IEC 61223-2-7. Put a dental radiation generator and experiment equipment as source and film(sensor) length within 30 em, place the step-wedge above the film(sensor). Tie up tube voltage 60 kVp, tube current 7 mA and then get an each image through CCD sensor and film by changing the exposure time as 0.12sec, 0.25sec, 0.4sec. Repeat the test 5times as a same method. Measure the concentration of each stage of film image, which gained by experiment, using photometer. And the image that gained by CCD sensor, analyze the pixel value's change by using image J, which is analyzing image program provided by NIH(National Institutes of Health). In case of film, while 0.12sec and 0.25sec show regular rising pattern of density gap as exposure time's increase, 0.4sec shows low rather than 0.12sec and 0.25sec. In case of CCD sensor density test, the result shows opposite pattern of film. This makes me think that pixels of CCD's sensor can have 0~255 value but it becomes saturation if the value is over 255. The way that getting clear reception during decreasing human's exposed radiation is one of maintaining an equipment as a best condition. So we should keeping a dental radiation equipment's condition steadily through cyclic permanent test after factor examination. Even digital equipment doesn't maintain a permanent, it can maintain a clarity by post processing of image so that hard to set it as standard of permanent test. Therefore it would be more increase the accuracy that compare a film as standard image. Thus I consider it will be an important measurement to care for dental radiation equipment and warrant homogeneity, consistency of dental image's clarity through comparing pattern which is the result from factor test against cyclic permanent test.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.891-898
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• 2020

최근 납으로 제작된 차폐체의 문제점이 대두되면서 대체 할 수 있는 차폐체 연구는 필수적이며 3D프린터로 진단용 X선 차폐체 제작에 관한 연구도 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 최근 금속 혼합 필라멘트의 개발로 쉽게 차폐제 제작이 가능해졌지만 3D 프린터의 노즐 크기나 출력설정에 관한 연구는 미비하다. 이에 본 연구는 Brass filament와 3D프린터로 노즐 크기와 층 높이에 따라 차폐체를 출력하고 진단용 방사선 발생장치를 이용하여 차폐율 실험을 통해 결과를 비교분석 하고자 한다. 노즐 크기는 0.4, 0.8 mm, 층 높이 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mm로 변화하여 출력하였고, 차폐율 시험은 40 mAs로 고정하고, 60, 80, 100 kVp로 각각 실험하여 차폐율을 분석하였다. 분석결과 노즐 크기와 층 높이에 따라 출력시간을 1/10로 줄일 수 있었으며, 1% 이상 차폐율도 높일 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다.