• Carbon letters
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2011

We present the effect of a coupling agent on the optoelectrical properties of few-walled carbon nanotube (FWCNT)/epoxy resin hybrid films fabricated on glass substrates. The FWCNT/epoxy resin mixture solution was successfully prepared by the direct mixing of a $HNO_3$-treated FWCNT solution and epoxy resin. FWCNT/binder hybrid films containing different amounts of the coupling agent were then fabricated on UV-ozone-treated glass substrates. To determine the critical binder content ($X_c$), the effects of varying the binder content in the FWCNT/silane hybrid films on their optoelectrical properties were investigated. In this system, the $X_c$ value was approximately 75 wt%. It was found that above $X_c$, the coupling agent effectively decreased the sheet resistance of the films. From microscopy images, it was observed that by adding the coupling agent, more uniform FWCNT/binder films were formed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.282-295
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of an educational program on parturient women's feeding behavior One hundred and twenty seven mothers who delivered in one general hospital in Seoul participated in the study, 66 mothers of whom were assigned to experimental group and 61, to control group. The data collection was done from April 20 to June 30 in 1997 and the educational program was applied to the experimental group on the third postpartum day and telephone calls were made on the fourth and the twelfth postpartum week to investigate feeding behavior after discharge. The collected data were analyzed by means of Chi-square test and descriptive statistics. The results are as follows : 1. Breast-feeding rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group($x^2$=6.578, p=.043). 2. Background variables affecting feeding behavior were age and feeding plan(age: $x^2$=8.660, p=.070, feeding plan : $x^2$=25.762, p=.000). 3. The insufficient milk supply was the main cause of discontinuing breast-feeding and others were mother's job, baby's jaundice and diarrhea, baby's refusal to suck breastmilk. In conclusion, the breast-feeding educational program which was applied in this study is effective in the promotion of breast-feeding.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.213-217
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• 2002

We have fabricated successfully single-filament composite $MgB_2$/SUS tapes, as an ultrarobust conductor type. The fabrication of the $MgB_2$/SUS tapes was performed by power-in-tube (PIT) process such as swaging and cold rolling. The critical transition temperatures $T_{c}$~38.5 K and ~36 K were observed for the sintered and the nonsintered $MgB_2$/SUS tapes, respectively In addition, the isothermal magnetization M(H) of the sintered $MgB_2$/SUS tapes was measured at temperatures T (between 5 and 50 K) in fields up to 6 T, employing a PPMS-9 (Quantum Design). The persistent current density (J$T_{P}$) values were obtained from the M(H) data, using Bean model, fur the sintered $MgB_2$/SUS tapes. The estimated values were higher than ~ 6$\times$ $10^{5}$ $A/\textrm{cm}^2$ at T = 5 K, with H : 0 G. We also investigated the cross section of the sintered tapes, by using SEM and EDX. An evidence of weak reaction on boundary between $MgB_2$ and SUS tube is found in the SEM and EDX.X.X.X.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the effects of auricular acupressure on musculoskeletal pain, depression and sleep of the elderly who are institutionalized in long-term care facilities. Methods: The research was conducted in a non-equivalent control group and non-synchronized design with data collected from October to December, 2016. The subjects were from long-term care facilities for the elderly in D city and divided into an experimental group (24 subjects) and a control group (25 subjects). Results: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvement in degree of musculoskeletal pain on time ($x^2=23.89$, p<.001) and degree of depression on time and group ($x^2=37.42$, p<.001, U=122.0, p<001) and degree of sleep on time ($x^2=33.62$, p<.001). Thus, the suggested hypothesis is partially supported. Conclusion: Auricular acupressure therapy is expected to be a practical and efficient nursing intervention for the elderly institutionalized in long-term care facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 1991

The authors studied chromosomal abnormalities in 38 autistic children meeting the diagnostic criteria of DSM-III-R in order to investigate genere factor in autistic disorder There were 28 males and 10 females, with the mean age being $108.8{\pm}28.5months(70-156months).$ All samples were analyzed on short-term lymphocyre cultures in Medium 199 that contained FUdR. The fragile X chromosome was not found in any of the patients. There were other chromosomal abnormalities in 14(36.8%) of 38 patients, such as breakage, 11cases ; gap, 2case ; breakage and gap, 1 case. In grouping of chromosomal abnormalities, group A patients were 4 cases ; group C were 3 cases ; group A and B was 1 case ; group A and E was 1 case ; group C and E was 1 case ; group A, B and C was 1 case. There were no statistical significance in the 16 symptoms of autistic disorder of DSM-III-R between patients with chromosomal abnormalities and patients without chromosomal abnormalites. These results do not support the hypothesis that fragile X chromosome is an etiological factor in autistic disorder.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of urushiol against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) to that of NaOCl. Materials and Methods: The canals of thirty two single rooted human teeth were instrumented with Ni-Ti files (ProTaper Next X1, X2, X3, Dentsply). A pure culture of E. faecalis ATCC 19433 was prepared in sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The teeth were submerged in the suspension of E. faecalis and were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 7 days to allow biofilm formation. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups according to the irrigant used, and a negative control group where no irrigant was used (n = 8). Group 1 used physiologic normal saline, group 2 used 6% NaOCl, and group 3 used 10 wt% urushiol solution. After canal irrigation, each sample was collected by the sequential placement of 2 sterile paper points (ProTaper NEXT paper points, size X3, Dentsply). Ten-fold serial dilutions on each vials, and 100 µL were cultured on a BHI agar plate for 8 hours, and colony forming unit (CFU) analysis was done. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-whitney U tests. Results: Saline group exhibited no difference in the CFU counts with control group, while NaOCl and urushiol groups showed significantly less CFU counts than saline and control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The result of this study suggests 10% urushiol and 6% NaOCl solution had powerful antibacterial activity against E. faecalis when they were used as root canal irrigants.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.339-347
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• 2019

This study was conducted from November 1, 2017 to November 30, 2017 in 268 women in late postmenopausal period in D and S shipyards located in G city. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the risk factors of cerebrovascular disease according to the presence or absence of risk factors of cerebrovascular disease. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their general characteristics, cerebrovascular disease prevention knowledge, attitude and health behavior. The variables that had statistically significant difference in health group and risk group were age (F=92.239, p<.001), cohabitation type ($x^2=20.056$, p<.001), income level ($x^2=39.023$, p<.001), the number of working hours per week (F=32.217, p<.001), the number of working years (F=12.310, p=.001), family history of cardiovascular disease ($x^2=233.442$, p<.001), subjective health status($x^2=19.058$, p=.001). There was a significant difference between the two groups in the degree of knowledge related to prevention of cardiovascular disease (F=2.679, p=.008) and health behavior fulfillment (F=4.339, p<.001). (r=.348, p<.001), the risk group had a higher knowledge (r=.279, p=.002), and the other group Attitude (r=.194, p=.030) showed a statistically significant correlation. Based on this, it is necessary to develop and apply an intervention program considering the characteristics of vulnerable group of cerebrovascular disease.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2009

Aerosol Deposition (AD) is anovel way to fabricate bioactive ceramic coatings in biomedical implants and prostheses applications. In the present work, silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on commercially pure titanium were prepared by aerosol deposition using Si-HA powders. The incorporation of silicon in the HA lattice is known to improve the bioactivity of the HA, makingsilicon-substitute HA an attractive alternative to pure HA in biomedical applications. Si-HA powders with the chemical formula $Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6-x(SiO_4)x(OH)_2-x$, having silicon contents up to x=0.5 (1.4 wt%), were synthesized by solid-state reaction of $Ca_2P_2O_7$, $CaCO_3$, and $SiO_2$. The Si-HA powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). The corresponding coatings were also analyzed by XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The results revealed that a single-phase Si-HA was obtained without any secondary phases such as $\alpha$- or $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) for both the powders and the coatings.The Si-HA coating was about $5\;{\mu}m$ thick, had a densemicrostructure with no cracks or pores. In addition, the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells grown on the Si-HA coatings were significantly higher than those on the bare Ti and pure HA coating. These results revealed the stimulatory effects induced by siliconsubstitution on the cellular response to the HA coating.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 2016

In this experiment, we proposed and implemented a disease forecasting system using a received signal strength indication ZigBee-based wireless network with a 3-axis acceleration sensor to detect illness at an early stage by monitoring movement of experimentally infected weaned piglets. Twenty seven piglets were divided into control, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection, and Escherichia coli (EC) infection group, and their movements were monitored for five days using wireless sensor nodes on their backs. Data generated showed the 3-axis movement of piglets (X-axis: left and right direction, Y-axis: anteroposterior direction, and Z-axis: up and down direction) at five different time periods. Piglets in both infected groups had lower weight gain and feed intake, as well as higher feed conversion ratios than the control group (p<0.05). Infection with SE and EC resulted in reduced body temperature of the piglets at day 2, 4, and 5 (p<0.05). The early morning X-axis movement did not differ between groups; however, the Y-axis movement was higher in the EC group (day 1 and 2), and the Z-axis movement was higher in the EC (day 1) and SE group (day 4) during different experimental periods (p<0.05). The morning X and Y-axis movement did not differ between treatment groups. However, the Z-axis movement was higher in both infected groups at day 1 and lower at day 4 compared to the control (p<0.05). The midday X-axis movement was significantly lower in both infected groups (day 4 and 5) compared to the control (p<0.05), whereas the Y-axis movement did not differ. The Z-axis movement was highest in the SE group at day 1 and 2 and lower at day 4 and 5 (p<0.05). Evening X-axis movement was highest in the control group throughout the experimental period. During day 1 and 2, the Z-axis movement was higher in both of the infected groups; whereas it was lower in the SE group during day 3 and 4 (p<0.05). During day 1 and 2, the night X-axis movement was lower and the Z-axis movement was higher in the infected piglets (p<0.05). Overall, the movement of infected piglets was altered, and the acceleration sensor could be successfully employed for monitoring pig activity.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.423-428
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• 2019

The Precise measurement of the knee's Congruence angle is required for diagnosis of patella dislocation. The purpose of this study is to consider the distortion diagram and usefulness about the test of the bilateral side and one side through the evaluating congruence angle from Merchant view of patellofemoral joint to central X-ray. We've evaluated the sulcus angle and Congruence angle following central X-ray's changes when we took Merchant view of patellofemoral joint aimed to right lower limb from human whole body phantom. The subject of the evaluation was classified as normal group and varus group, and the varus group has experimented with External rotation of legs as 15° and 30°. When normal groups result as 0, 7.5, 15 cm, it was measured as 17.25 ± 1.34°, 19.60 ± 1.41°, 20.55 ± 1.77° each. The gap between minimal and maximum angle was 3.3°, and the value was shown as getting bigger when it further away from the centeral X-ray. When Congruence angle in 15° varus group was 0, 7.5, 15 cm, it was each 16.45 ± 1.34°, 17.10 ± 0.99°, 17.80 ± 1.13°. And when Congruence angle in 30° varus group was 0, 7.5, 15 cm, it was measured each 18.35 ± 1.63°, 18.95 ± 1.06°, 19.60 ± 1.41°. The difference between minimum and maximum of angle in 15° varus group and 30° varus group was each 1.35° and 1.25°, the angles have shown as increasing the further away from the center. The patellofemoral joint showed that the congruence angle increases as the further away from Central X-ray, and also it is judged that is possible to change the congruence angle by a degree of varus knee. Thus, accurate measurement of the congruence angle is shown to advantage that methods for examining by split each side at two times than methods for examining both sides at a time. Therefore, it is expected to helpful on the diagnostic side of patella dislocation and subluxation.