• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1997

The larval head capsule width, larval weight and length of mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari Hope were measured when the larvae were exuviated in artificial diet rearing. The larval head capsule width from the 1st to the 12th instar was ranged from 0.12 to 0.69 cm, and growth ratio of each instar was significantly high between the 1st and the 2nd instars. The fitness to Dyar's law for the larval head capsule width was 87.6%. When the logarithum of the larval head capsule width is plotted against the number of instars, the calculated regression line was LogY=0.12086+0.06998X and Dyar's constant was 1.18. The larval weight was increased with larval developmental stages, and the coefficient of variation of larval weight was apparently high. But the calculated regression line was LogY=-0.91592+0.25959X and Dyar's constant was 1.25. The growth ration of the larval length was clearly high between the 2nd and the 3rd instars, and that of larvae from the 4th instar was decreased. The calculated regression line was LogY=-0.16932+0.09841X and Dyar's constant was 1.25. In conclusion, our results suggested that the larvae growth of mulberry longicorn beetle appeared to be highly related in the larval head capsule width, larval weight and length.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.395-401
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• 2019

This paper proposes a method for estimating the location of a magnetized tip that is inside a non-transparent space or body by using arrayed giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors. In general, an object located in such an opaque space can be detected using X-rays, magnetic fields, ultra-sonic sensors, etc., depending on its characteristics. X-ray is mostly used for medical purposes but frequent exposure to it could cause harm to patients as well as doctors. In this study, how well a GMR sensor is applicable instead of an X-ray is investigated. The sensor's voltage output is experimentally fitted to distance with a relationship of 3rd degree polynomial. To detect a small magnetized tip with 900 Oe inside a human body, a 2×2 arrayed GMR sensor and a location estimation algorithm based on information acquired from four sensors is developed. Evaluation tests show that the suggested method is applicable to limited cases with a distance less than 33-55 mm, and the location of a magnet tip is estimated relatively well with an error less than 1.5 mm.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.27-34
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• 2008

The temperature distribution in the weldment is not uniform because a weldment is locally heated. Thermal plastic deformation results from the local expansion and shrinkage by the heating and cooling of metal. Therefore, residual stresses and distortion occur in the weldment. In this study, we had conducted on the weld thermal cycle simulation that is supposed as the HAZ on SS400 steel and STS304 steel. The residual stresses that were obtained from the drawing and the weld thermal cycle simulation were estimated by X-ray diffraction. We also carried out ultrasonic test for the weld thermal cycle simulated specimens, and then conducted on nondestructive evaluation by the ultrasonic parameters obtained ultrasonic test. From the results, residual stresses of weld thermal cycle simulated specimens after the residual stress removal heat treatment are lower than that of the drawing.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.229-239
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• 1980

A various kinds of harmful gases in the gallery and the increasing quantity of in-flow water are the important factors causing mainly the decline in production. In this thesis, the increase and decrease of in-flow water which effects the out put have been investigated and analysed in the statistical method. Through the results obtained together with the stastistical data some typical interreation formula between the quantity of in-flow water and production have been induced and the productive percentage in season was examined with special reference to Changsung Coal Mine. The formulas are as fallows: (1) Underground in-flow water to production; $Y=-5.74x^2+108.9x+6,346.6$ where, Y: production(tons/day): x:in-flow water($m^3/min$), (2) Rain and Snow fall to production; P=6.555-1.591 R+1.282S where, P;production(tons/day); R:rain fall(mm); S : snowfall(cm), (3) Productivity ratio in season compared with the average annual production; 1st quarter of year:100.1%, 2nd quarter of year: 100.3%, 3rd quarter of year: 97.2%, 4th quarter of year: 102.4%.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 1993

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the single and fractionated irradiation on the microvascular structure of the submandibular gland in rats. For this study, 90 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were irradiated to their neck region with equal split doses of 9Gy for a 4 hours interval and 15Gy single dose by 6MV X-irradiation and sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 27th day after irradiation. The author observed histological changes at Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and PAS staining under a light microscope, and also observed distribution and structural changes of the microvasculature in rat submandibular gland using a scanning electron microscope by forming vascular resin casting. The results were as follows: 1. In the light microscopic examination, the microvasculature was slightly dilated and decreased in number on the 1st day after irradiation, and increase in number of microvasculature was observed on the 3rd day after irradiation. And then distribution of microvasculature was markedly increased on the 7th day after iradiation, but decreased on th 14th day after irradiation again. Such changes were greater in the single irradiated group than in the fractionated irradiated group. 2. The reaction to PAS staining on glandular cell was decreased on the 1st and the 3rd day after irradiation, and recovered on the 7th day after irradiation. The reaction was decreased on the 14th day after irradiation again, and recovered on the 28th day after irradiation. Changes were more apparent in the single irradiated group. 3. In the scanning electron microscopic examination, early changes of microvasculature were decreased capillary density, dilation of conduits and meandering. Increased capillary dentsity or anastomosis due to vascular reproduction and smooth curved running were observed on the 7th and 14th day after irradiation. Decreased capillary and smooth running tendency were observed on the 28th day after irradiation again. Such changes were greater in the single irradiated group than in the fractionated irradiated group.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the use of dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the diagnosis of osteoporosis among menopausal and postmenopausal women by using only a CBCT viewer program. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight menopausal and postmenopausal women who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examination for hip and lumbar vertebrae were scanned using CBCT (field of view: $13cm{\times}15cm;$ voxel size: 0.25 mm). Slices from the body of the mandible as well as the ramus were selected and some CBCT-derived variables, such as radiographic density (RD) as gray values, were calculated as gray values. Pearson's correlation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) evaluation based on linear and logistic regression were performed to choose the variable that best correlated with the lumbar and femoral neck T-scores. Results: RD of the whole bone area of the mandible was the variable that best correlated with and predicted both the femoral neck and the lumbar vertebrae T-scores; further, Pearson's correlation coefficients were 0.5/0.6 (p value=0.037/0.009). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy based on the logistic regression were 50%, 88.9%, and 78.4%, respectively, for the femoral neck, and 46.2%, 91.3%, and 75%, respectively, for the lumbar vertebrae. Conclusion: Lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck osteoporosis can be predicted with high accuracy from the RD value of the body of the mandible by using a CBCT viewer program.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenosides with less sugar moieties may exhibit the better adsorptive capacity and more pharmacological activities. Methods: An efficient method for the separation of four minor saponins, including gypenoside XVII, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Rd2, and notoginsenoside Fd, from Panax notoginseng leaves (PNL) was established using biotransformation, macroporous resins, and subsequent preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The dried PNL powder was immersed in the distilled water at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 min for converting the major saponins, ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rb3, to minor saponins, gypenoside XVII, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Rd2, and notoginsenoside Fd, respectively, by the enzymes present in PNL. The adsorption characteristics of these minor saponins on five types of macroporous resins, D-101, DA-201, DM-301, X-5, and S-8, were evaluated and compared. Among them, D-101 was selected due to the best adsorption and desorption properties. Under the optimized conditions, the fraction containing the four target saponins was separated by D-101 resin. Subsequently, the target minor saponins were individually separated and purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography with a reversed-phase column. Conclusion: Our study provides a simple and efficient method for the preparation of these four minor saponins from PNL, which will be potential for industrial applications.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.141-143
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• 2008

Purpose: This study investigated visual acuity and refractive error in elementary schoolchildren and examined relationship between visual acuity and refractive error. Methods: Naked visual acuity and refractive error for selected 200 schoolchildren (400 eyes) of 1st, 3rd and 6th grades. Results: The refractive error in hyperopia was gradually decreased and visual acuity was increased as higher grade. The regression line of Y=2.1471X-3.1484 (F=313.9377, P<0.001) and closed inter-relationship were found between visual acuity and refractive error in myopia. The regression line equation of Y=-0.6854X+1.1764 (F=7.054, P<0.01) and closed inter-relationship were found between visual acuity and refractive error in hyperopia. The relationship between visual acuity and refractive error in astigmatism was Y=2.2509X-2.8738 (F=21.7952, P<0.001) and closed inter-relationship was found. Conclusions: Myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism showed closed inter-relationship with visual acuity.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.20-32
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• 1999

The purpose of this retrospective research of 603 patients who were transferred to the emergency medical center of university hospital from 1 Jan, 1998 to 31 Jan, 1998 was making of basic data for emergency medical transfer system improvement countermeasure and the point at issue of overlapping reexamination ststus of patients transfered to emergency medical center of university hospital from 1,2 level hospital. The data analysis was done by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation. The results were as follows: 1. Male to female ratio was 1.7:1 and peak age group was patients over forties and under nine years of age(70.5%) 2. Traumatic patients were 17.8%, motor vehicle accident patients were 16.7% and Non-traumatic patients were 65.3%. Transferring hospital was divided into 2groups: primary hospital, secondary hospital. The majority was secondary hospital(73.3%). The result of symptom severity classification of patients transferred to 3rd emergency medical center was urgent patients 32.5%, emergency patients 33.58%, non-emergency patients 34.0% 3. Most highest score items amoung overlapping reexamination of patients transfered to emergency medical center of university hospital from 1,2 level hospital were CBC test, simple X-ray (0.93점), CBC test(0.97점), urin test(0.88점), chemistry test(0.94점), simple X-ray(0.98점), CT(0.42점), EKG(0.89점) amoung overlapping reexamination of motor vehicle accident patients were more higher reexamination score than traumatic patients and non-traumatic patients 4. CBC test(P<0.001), urin test(P<0.001), chemistry test(P<0.001), simple X-ray(P<0.001), CT(P<0.01), EKG(P<0.001) amoung overlapping reexamination of patients in 2 level hospital were more higher reexamination score than 1 level hospital patients 5. About symptom severity classification of patients transferred to 3rd emergency medical center, CBC test(P<0.001), urin test(P<0.001), chemistry test(P<0.001), simple X-ray(P<0.01), CT(P<0.001), EKG(P<0.001) amoung overlapping reexamination items in urgent patients were more higher reexamination score than other patients 6. Influencing variation for overlapping reexamination in hospital was CBC test(P<0.001), CT (P<0.001), MRI (P<0.05).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.46-56
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• 2002

In this paper, we describe a hardware-software co-verification methodology and environment in developing a mobile station modem chip for cdma2000 1x which is one of the 3rd generation mobile communication standards. By constructing an efficient co-verification environment for a register-transfer-level hardware model and a physical-layer software model combining a channel link simulator and a versatile test-bench, we can drastically reduce both time and cost for developing a complex three-million-gate class system integrated circuit.