• 분석과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 1992

$BaTiO_3$의 선구물질을 하소시키는 과정에서 얻은 X-선 회절 패턴에 인자분석법을 적용하였다. 선구물질은 수용액계에서 바륨과 티타늄의 질산염용액을 시발물질로 하여 합성하였으며 이를 여러 온도에서 하소시킨 후 X-선 회절 패턴을 얻었다. X-선 회절각에 대한 피이크세기로 구성된 데이타 매트릭스에 인자분석법을 적용시켜 3개의 인자가 존재함을 확인하였다. 3개의 인자는 $BaCO_3$, $BaTiO_3$ 및 $Ba_2TiO_4$였으며 하소온도에 따른 3가지 성분의 상대적인 농도 변화를 규명하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.855-861
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• 2006

Sinterability and microwave dielectric properties of $xZWO_{4}-(1-x)TiO_{2}$ ceramic systems with zinc-borosilicate glass and $TiO_{2}$ contents for LTCC(Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) were investigated. The addition of $3{\sim}10\;wt%$ ZBS glass ensured the sinterability below $900^{\circ}C$. In general, increasing ZBS glass content seemed to enhance the sinterability, but the quality factor($Qxf_{0}$) significantly decreased due to the formation of an excessive liquid and second phases. As for the addition of $TiO_{2}$, the dielectric constant(${\varepsilon}_{r}$) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(${\tau}_{f}$) showed to increase, while the quality factor($Qxf_{0}$) did not show an apparent change. The composition of $0.7xZnWO_{4}-0.3TiO_{2}$ ceramics sintered at $900^{\circ}C$ with 5 wt% ZBS glass demonstrated 21.6 in dielectric constant(${\varepsilon}_{r}$), 14,800 in quality factor($Qxf_{0}$), and $+5\;ppm/^{\circ}C$ in temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(${\tau}_{f}$).

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.212-215
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• 2018

The phase evolution, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of $Ba(Mg_{0.5-2x}Y_{2x}W_{0.5-x}Ti_x)O_3$ (x = 0.005~0.05) ceramics sintered at $1,700^{\circ}C$ for 1h were investigated. All compositions exhibited a 1:1 ordered cubic perovskite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy image revealed a dense microstructure in all the compositions. As the value of x increased, the lattice parameter, dielectric constant, and quality factor increased. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency changed from $-19.6ppm/^{\circ}C$ to $-5.9ppm/^{\circ}C$ with increasing x value. The dielectric constant, quality factor, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of $Ba(Mg_{0.40}Y_{0.10}W_{0.45}Ti_{0.05})O_3$ were 21.7, 132,685 GHz, and $-5.9ppm/^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.63-67
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• 1996

In this paper, effect of MnO$_2$ addition(0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5wt%) on the microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of [xPMW - (0.15-x) PNN] - [yPT-(0.85-y)PZ] (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, y = 0.35, 0.40, ().425, 0.45, 0.5) were investigated. When Ti/Zr ratio was 1.0, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were highest value. With PMW 2mol%, dielectric constant, dielectric constant (d$\_$33/, d$\_$31/) and electromechanical coupling factor (kp, k$\_$31/) were highest values of 1995, 479, 186(x10$\^$-12/C/N), 0.61, 0.36, respectively. With the addition of MnO$_2$, dielectric constant, electromechanical coupling factor (kp, k$\_$31/) were decreased, but with 0.3wt% MnO$_2$, eletromechanical coupling factor was highest value of 0.63. With the addition of MnO$_2$, mechanical quality(Q$\_$m/ was increased.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1011-1016
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• 2000

The (1-x)MgTi $O_3$-xSrTi $O_3$(x=0.02~0.08) ceramics were fabricated by the conventional mixed oxide method. The sintering temperature and time were 125$0^{\circ}C$~1375$^{\circ}C$ and 2hours. The structure and microwave dielectric properties were investigated with sintering temperature and composition ratio. From the X-ray diffraction patterns, the cubic SrTi $O_3$and hexagonal MgTi $O_3$structures were coexisted in the (1-x)MgTi $O_3$-xSrTi $O_3$(x=0.02~0.08) ceramics. The dielectric constant($\varepsilon$$_{r}$) was increased and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency($\tau$$_{f}$)was decreased with addition of SrTi $O_3$. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency($\tau$$_{f}$) was gradually varied from negative value to positive value with increasing SrTi $O_3$. In the case of 0.96MgTi $O_3$-0.04SrTi $O_3$ceramics sintered at 130$0^{\circ}C$, the dielectric constant, quality factor and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency were 20.5, 5918(at 7.33GHz) and +10ppm/$^{\circ}C$, respectively.y.y.y.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.291-296
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• 1995

목적 : 환자에 투여될 선량계산시 사용되는 wedge factor는 조사면과 깊이에 대한 의존성은 무시되고 에너지 및 wedge angle에 따라 측정하는 것이 일반적이다. 본 연구에서는 wedge factor의 조사면과 깊이에 따른 의존성을 체계적으로 조사함으로써 보다 합리적인 선량계산을 도모하고자 한다. 방법 : 4-, 6-, 그리고 10-MV X 선을 이용하여 각각의 wedge angle에 따라서 $5{\times}5\;cm^2$부터 $20{\times}20\;cm^2$ 까지의 조사면에 대해서 여러 깊이에서 측정하였으며 측정된 값을 열린 조사면에서의 측정값으로 나누어 줌으로써 wedge factor가 결정되었다. 이 때 사용된 가속기는 본원이 보유하고 있는 CLINAC 600C 와 2100C 이며 사용된 에너지는 6- 그리고 10-MV X 선을 사용하였다. 측정기가 빔의 중심에 정확히 놓여졌는지를 확인하기 위하여 여러 콜리메이터 각도에서 측정하였다. 결과 : 각 측정값의 재연성에 관한 표준편차는 $0.3\;%$ 이내였으며 각각의 에너지에 대해 깊이에 따라 측정된 wedge factor의 의존성은 저에너지로 갈수록 커지는 경향을 보였다. 특히 4-, 6- X 선의 경우 wedge angle이 $45^{\circ}$ 이상일 때 깊이에 따른 wedge factor의 변화량은 $5\%$ 이상 차이가 남을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 wedge factor의 조사면에 대한 의존성은 거의 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : 측정을 통하여 wedge factor는 조사면에 대해서는 거의 무관하나 깊이에 따른 의존성이 비교적 크게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 선량계산시 wedge factor를 합리적으로 평가하기 위해서는 평균값을 나타내는 깊이에서 측정된 값을 사용하거나 깊이에 따라서 wedge factor를 달리 적용시켜야 한다. 본 실험의 결과, 각 wedge filter에 대해 단일 wedge factor를 사용하고자 하면 조사면 $10cm{\times}10cm$, 깊이 10cm에서 측정된 값을 쓰는 것이 가장 합리적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.698-702
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• 2005

Dielectric and Piezoelectric properties of complex perovskite 0.92Pb($Zr_{1/2}Ti_{1/2})O_{3}-(0.08-x)Pb(Cu_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_{3}-xPb(Mn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_{3}(0{\leq}x{\leq}0.080$) (PZT-PCN-PMN) system were investigated as a function of PMN content. With the increase of PMN content of the sintered specimens, tetragonal phase was coexisted with rhombohedral phase, the dielectric constant was decreased, mechanical quality factor ($Q_{m}$) was inceased, and optimal sintering temperature was increased up to 1050$^{\circ}C$. For the composition of x = 0.064 sintered at 1050$^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, 1939 of maximum mechanical quality factor ($Q_{m}$), 57$\%$ of electromechanical coupling factor ($k_{p}$), and 1100$^{\circ}C$ of dielectric constant, 0.37$\% $ of dielectric loss (tan $\delta$) were obtained.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권3호통권96호
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• pp.198-207
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• 1999

This paper presents an accurate algorithm for geometric calibration of X-ray imaging system. Calibration is a very important process for improving an imaging system performance. There has been a lot of previous works using linear camera modeling technique, where lens distortion is neglected and/or center of distortion is assumed to be known. Geometrical distortion of image intensifier, however, is very large and its center of distortion should be calculated. This paper presents a new calibration method to estimate the intensifier position and orientation, scale factor, distortion coefficient, magnification factor, and center of distortion using the least square method. We investigate the properties of the algorithm by computer simulation. Simulation results show that the parameters can be estimated accurately using the proposed algorithm.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2024

The study was carried out by numerical integration based on the diffraction properties and elemental composition. The elemental compositions of breast tissues in the literature were tested. The photon attenuation coefficients calculated using the recent elemental composition were found within 0.2-16% for adipose tissue and within 0.04-17% for glandular tissue with the experimental reference data. The attenuation coefficients of cancerous breast tissue calculated according to the elemental content previously measured in breast cancer patients were found within 0-17% with experimental data in the literature. The attenuation coefficients are of great interest to medical research. To calculate realistic attenuation coefficients, the characteristic coherent scatter, which is most intense at small angles, must be considered. For this reason, experimentally measured form factor data were reviewed, and the most compatible one with the theoretical form factor data produced in this study was used at low momentum transfer x (0 < x ≤ 8 nm^-1). The differential linear coherent scattering distributions were calculated for an energy value of 17.44 keV and compared with their experimental counterparts.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.117-132
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• 2004

This study attempts to suggest a new approach of the estimation of range and degree of fisheries damages caused by a large scale of reclamation undertaken in coastal area using the central limit theorem(CLT) in statistics. The key result of the study is the introduction of the new concept of critical variation of environmental factor($d_{c}$). The study defines $d_{c}$ as a standard deviation of the sample mean($\bar{X}$) of environmental factor(X), in other words, $\frac{\sigma}{ \sqrt{n}}$. The inner bound of $d_{c}$ could be the area of fisheries damages caused by public coastal undertaking. The study also defines the decreasing rate of fisheries production$\delta_{\varepsilon}$, in other words, degree of fisheries damages, as the rate of change in the distribution of sample mean(($\bar{X}$), caused by the continuous and constant variation of environmental factor. Therefore $\delta_{\varepsilon}$ can be easily calculated by the use of table of the standardized normal distribution.