• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.63-90
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• 2007

The present study investigated what combination of three form-focused options - explicit explanation, production practice, and corrective feedback - may be effective in helping low-proficiency learners improve accuracy in communicative writing. The subjects were 34 Korean university students enrolled in 'Business English 1' and the study lasted 11 weeks. The relative clause structure was selected as the target structure. The study found that the combination of explicit explanation, sentence-level production practice, communicative writing practice, and recasts had a significantly greater effect on improved accuracy than the combination of communicative writing practice and recasts and that of explicit explanation, communicative writing practice, and recasts. Because the second and third combinations didn't lead to significantly improved accuracy, it can be concluded that of the form-focused options forming the first combination sentence-level production practice made a decisive contribution to the significant increase in accuracy. It also found that the provision of self-correcting opportunities before providing recasts on errors committed in sentence-level production practice resulted in significantly greater accuracy in communicative writing than the provision of recasts alone on them. The results of the study suggest that we should make low-proficiency Korean learners have sentence-level production practice which is intensive and focused and make them self-correct targeted errors before providing them with narrowly focused recasts in order to help them to improve writing accuracy.

• 인지과학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.175-197
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• 2019

고차적 사고를 요구하는 글쓰기는 배운 지식을 활용하고 발전시키게 한다. 학습 장면에서 글쓰기를 더 많이 활용하기 위해서는 동료평가를 도입하는 동시에 동료평가의 정확도를 높일 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 동료평가의 정확도를 높이는 방안으로, 평가 기준에 대해 학생들끼리 토론하게 하거나 전문가의 평가를 참고하도록 하는 두 방안을 탐색하였다. 대학생 150명을 대상으로 한 실험 결과, 동료평가 후 전문가의 평가를 참고했던 집단이 평가했던 글을 다시 평가할 때는 평가 정확도가 향상되었지만, 새로운 글을 평가할 때는 향상되지 않았다. 반면에, 동료평가 후 평가 기준에 대하여 토론을 진행했던 집단은 평가했던 글을 다시 평가할 때는 평가 정확도가 향상되지 않았지만, 새로운 글을 평가할 때는 향상됨을 발견하였다. 또한 토론 집단의 경우 평가 기준에 대한 토론에서 총 발언 수가 많아질수록 평가 정확도가 높아졌다. 이상의 결과는 평가 기준에 대한 토론에서 적극적이고 자발적인 논의가 활발할수록 이후 동료평가의 정확도가 향상됨을 시사한다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-98
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• 2005

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether focus-on-form instruction is effective in promoting accuracy in writing and to make some suggestions regarding education in business English writing. For this purpose, an experiment, of which the participants were 29 college sophomores taking a course in business English, was made. The learners received instruction in the English nouns followed by modificatory phrases or clauses through the focus-on-form techniques, feedback and explicit explanation. The results were as follows: First, the learners who received focus-on-form instruction improved accuracy in writing. Second, there was a correlation between the learners' English proficiency levels and the effects of focus-on-form instruction. Third, the high level learners showed more positive attitude toward focus-on-form instruction than the low level ones. To promote accuracy in written business communication, the following suggestions were made on the basis of the results: First, focus-on-form instruction should be incorporated into a content-based business English class. Second, repeated focus-on-form instruction is needed. Third, learners' English proficiency levels should be taken into account when focus-on-form instruction is given.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.207-227
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• 2011

This paper investigates how two different modes of feedback (selective vs. comprehensive) affect selected students' writing development in terms of three different types of measurement (accuracy, fluency, and complexity). 139 university students participated in the study, and 278 writing samples were analyzed. The results of the study indicate that participants who received selective feedback wrote more accurately and fluently than their counterparts. However, in terms of complexity, both selective and comprehensive groups showed no sign of improvement in semester-based investigations. The results of this study support Skehan's (2009) theory of trade-off effects, suggesting that 'natural' tension exists between accuracy and complexity when resources are limited. Moreover, this finding contrasts with the theory of Cognition Hypothesis, which proposes that task complexity will be associated with increases in complexity and accuracy. In the study, selected participants (N=21) strongly nominated their error sources as unfamiliarity toward using key words, usage, transition, and sentence types. This study not only contributes to the accumulation of our current knowledge in the related area of theory, but offers educational implications for those who are dealing with intermediate-level students when deciding what particular teaching content should constitute a priority within a limited instructional period.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.73-98
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• 2011

This study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating oral corrective feedback into the content-based business English writing class. Two types of oral corrective feedback, recasts and metalinguistic feedback, were integrated into business English writing classes to help low intermediate-proficiency Korean university students improve the ability to use the simple past, present progressive, and present perfect tenses correctly in their written production. Prior to the treatments, the subjects had basic grammatical knowledge of the target verb tenses, but they had only limited control over them in their written production. Three groups were formed: recast group that received corrective recasting, metalinguistic group that received metalinguistic clues, and control group that received no oral corrective feedback. The study demonstrated that it was feasible to incorporate recasts and metalinguistic feedback into content-based business English writing classes and that metalinguistic feedback had greater and more endurable effects than recasts on promoting the correct use of the target verb tenses in written production. It can be concluded that oral corrective feedback, metalinguistic feedback in particular, can be used in the business English writing classroom to help students gain greater control over already partially acquired forms and therefore improve their writing accuracy.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not the use of the Korean alphabet increased the accuracy of English sentences Korean university students produced in dictation. The students were divided into three categories, beginning, intermediate, and advanced, based on the listening comprehension scores of a practice TOEIC test. The total population of 120 students were divided into two groups, control and experiment. In the first testing, the experiment group transcribed the English utterances on a practice TOEIC tape into phonological writing in Korean and then later changed the Korean writing into English words and sentences. In the second testing, the control group became the experiment group and used the Korean alphabet in transcribing the English sounds. Statistically significant differences were found in the improvement of accuracy in dictation when the Korean alphabet was used, especially for the beginning and intermediate students. By using the Korean alphabet as the phonological representation of the sounds, the students in the experiment group produced more accurate English words than the control group who went directly from the English utterances to writing in English. Statistically significant results were not produced for the advanced students. The significance of the present study relates to the need to add to the paucity of available data on the use of the Korean alphabet in teaching listening comprehension.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

아두이노와 저가형 생체신호 증폭기를 사용하여 시선추적실험을 실시하고 결과를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 간단한 4방향의 시선이동 인식실험과 함께, 시선을 사용하여 영어 알파벳 등을 직접 쓰는 eye-writing 인식실험을 함께 진행함으로, 새롭게 구성한 안구전도 측정장치의 실용성을 평가하고, 더 나아가 저가형 안구전도 장치가 eye-writing과 같은 복잡한 사람-컴퓨터간 상호작용도구로 활용될 수 있는지를 분석하였다. 실험을 위해서 PSL-iEOG와 아두이노를 사용하는 저가형 안구전도 측정장치가 구성되었으며, 패턴분류를 위해 dynamic positional warping과 웨이블릿 변환이 사용되었다. 실험 결과, 저가형 측정장치는 비교적 단순한 알고리즘만으로도 외부 잡음이 유입되지 않은 경우 90%에 가까운 정확도로 시선방향을 인식할 수 있었으며, eye-writing의 경우에도 5개 패턴에 대해서 90%의 중위 정확도를 달성할 수 있었다. 그러나 패턴의 숫자가 증가함에 따라 정확도가 매우 감소하여, 다양한 패턴의 직접적인 입력이라는 eye-writing의 장점을 부각하기 위해서는 저가형 장치에 특화된 알고리즘의 개발 등 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 여겨진다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.250-262
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• 2024

Air-writing recognition is relevant in areas such as natural human-computer interaction, augmented reality, and virtual reality. A trajectory is the most natural way to represent air writing. We analyze the recognition accuracy of words written in air considering five features, namely, writing direction, curvature, trajectory, orthocenter, and ellipsoid, as well as different parameters of a hidden Markov model classifier. Experiments were performed on two representative datasets, whose sample trajectories were collected using a Leap Motion Controller from a fingertip performing air writing. Dataset D₁ contains 840 English words from 21 classes, and dataset D₂ contains 1600 English words from 40 classes. A genetic algorithm was combined with a hidden Markov model classifier to obtain the best subset of features. Combination ftrajectory, orthocenter, writing direction, curvatureg provided the best feature set, achieving recognition accuracies on datasets D₁ and D₂ of 98.81% and 83.58%, respectively.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(3)
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• pp.43-46
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• 2002

This paper is about the Micro Accelerometer Sensor that collect the human's writing patterns so as to process its signals. Finally, we pursue the accuracy of digital data about the writing pattern and hope to discuss the possibility of the Micro Accelerometer Sensor Besides, we researched the compensation of signal distortion due to tiIt and analyzed the noise error in order to improve its accuracy.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.191-208
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• 2011

The quantitative study investigated perceptions of evaluative criteria in L2 writing between two groups - learners (N=212) and instructors (N=52) in Korea. Specifically, the purpose of the study is (1) to examine learners' and instructors' perceptions on evaluative criteria in L2 writing and to provide empirical evidence concerning how they respond to a list of them and (2) to ultimately devise appropriate rating criteria applicable to an EFL context like Korea. Analyses of evaluative criteria were conducted using factor analysis and yielded the following results: learner and instructor groups perceived the evaluative criteria differently and weighted them in a different way. For the learner group, the combined elements of grammar and language in use were identified as Factor 1 and mechanics as Factor 2. The results may infer that learners' response patterns are primarily linked to their instructors' writing practice in class, which may largely focus on grammatical knowledge based on lexical use and mechanical accuracy. Similarly, the instructor group acknowledged grammatical knowledge as Factor 1 and lexical use as Factor 2. The first two factors found in both learner and instructor groups indicate that in an EFL context like Korea, the form-then-content way of teaching and learning is still being considered more effective in L2 writing than any other method. Taking into consideration these perceptive similarities and differences between learners and instructors, the categories of evaluative criteria in writing include content and organization, grammar, mechanics, language in use, and flow of the essay, respectively.