• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.248-252
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• 1984

A human case infected with Terranova type A larva was found in Korea. The patient was a 23-year old soldier of the Korean Army and the chief complaint was acute abdominal pain. The pain was chiefly at right lower quadrant. Appendectomy was performed under the clinical impression of acute appendicitis. However, during the surgery, a nematode larva was found moving on the serosal surface of terminal ileum. The worm was 25.76mm long and O. 66mm -wide, and had the intestinal cecum reaching to anterior one-third level of ventriculus and a mucron at posterior end. Therefore, it was diagnosed as Terranova type A larva. This is the first human case of Terranova type A larva infection in Korea.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.121-126
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• 2015

Exposure of personal information that is held by hacking accident near the company has led to severe water level. And, it has changed security threat elements generated according to businessenterprise. Therefore, in this paper, I looked at security threat elements and proposed the way of appropriate information security consulting according type of company. First, In the financial and insurance industries, and should not have been compromised by a worm virus infection due to lack of awareness inside of members, by collectively apply in the same way the internal security standards of the organization to members, the risk of customer information. It shall be provided in advance that the security accident occurs due to a higher job group. Therefore, information security consulting method based on people and information is applied. Secondly, in industry of company, to perform consulting information security based on the attributes of the case industry groups.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.487-497
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• 1990

This study was carried out to observe in vitro effect of praziquantel on the tegumental changes of Heterophyopsis continua with scanning electron microscope. Metacercariae were collected from the perch, Lateolabrax japonicus, by artificial digestion technique and fed to 2-week old chickens. Adult worms were recovered from small intestine of chickens 8 days after infection. For working solutions, praziquantel was diluted with TC199 medium at concentration of 0.01, 0.1. 1 and $10{\mu}g/ml$. To each petri dish containing 10ml of solution, 5~10 worms were introduced and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$. For the scanning electron microscopy(SEM), the worms were fixed in cold 2.5% glutaraldehyde, dehydrated in a series of graded ethanol and freeze-dried. Dried specimen was mounted on stub and coated with gold and observed in an SEM. The results were as follows: 1. Severe tegumental alterations were recognized by scanning electron microscope. Bleb formation of tegument was observed in 5 minute group and most pronounced on anterior tegument of worms. The number and size of blebs increased as incubation time prolonged. 2. The surface destruction was more pronounced at ventral margin between the oral and the ventral suckers. 3. The sensory papillae were slightly affected, but destruction of tegumental spine was not recognized. 4. The effect of praziquantel on the worm was found dependent on the concentration and incubation time, however, the effect was more dependent upon the incubation time.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 1977

In the previous short communication, the authors reported the applicability of Sodium Hyplochoride solution to silkworm rearing industry as a disinfectant after confirmed the fact that the chemical agent is capable to kill most of the pathogens of silkworm diseases. The authors, in the present study, attempted to investigate the influence of the chemical on the growth of silkworm larvae and the effect on the disinfection of silkworm larvae to inactivate the pathogen of yellow muscardine disease, Isaria farinosa and the results obtained are summarized as fellows. 1. The chemical agent did not affect the growth of silkworm larvae, when it was applied on silk-worm body with the concentration of 1,3,5 per cent of the agent during the rearing period. 2. The Sodium Hypochloride solution did not give any damage to silkworm larvae when larvae were fed up with 1,3,5 per cent of the solution. 3. In the bioassay of the solution on disinfection of larvae inoculated with yellow muscardine disease pathogen, the fact that the agent could control the disease was observed by showing much low infection rate in 3.5 per cent treatment compared to non-treatment control.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.44 no.1 s.137
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

One coastal village in Haenam-gun and two in Yeongam-gun, Jeollanam-do were surveyed for intestinal parasite infections by fecal examination. The egg positive rates of Gymnophalloides seoi were high, $24.1\%$ (14/58) in Haenam-gun and $9.3\%$ (11/118) in Yeongam-gun. The egg positive rates of heterophyids, including Heterophyes nocens, and of Clonorchis sinensis were $10.3\%\;and\;6.9\%$ in Haenam-gun, and $14.4\%\;and\;8.5\%$ in Yeongam-gun, respectively. After praziquantel treatment and purgation, a total of 37,761 fluke specimens were recovered from 17 patients; 11 in Haenam-gun and 6 in Yeongam-gun. Gymnophalloides seoi was the most commonly recovered species, with 37,489 specimens in total (2,205 per person). Other recovered flukes included Heterophyes nocens, Stictodora fuscata, Heterophyopsis continua, Pygidiopsis sUmma, and undetermined species. These results indicate that the areas surveyed are new endemic foci of G. seoi.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1995

To observe the production of IgA in Balb/c mice with neodiplostomiasis, 20 mice were infected with each 200 metacercariae of Neoniplostomum seoulenis. Sera and the duodenums were obtained 3, 7, 14, 28 days post-infection (PI) from five mice each group Neodipeostomum specific IgA in serum by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay increased from 7 days PI and persisted till 28 days PI. Immunohistochemistry for lgA was done with sections of the duodenum. The IgA-positive reaction was generally seen in the lamina propria and submucosa. Some of epithelial cells were positive at 7 and 14 days PI. The present finding showed that Neodiplostomun specific IgA antibody increased in serum and that there was local reaction of IgA in the mucosa and submucosa of the duodenum but not directly related with worm expulsion.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2008

Swine ascariasis is one of the major parasitic diseases to cause economic losses. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of Ascaris suum from slaughtered pigs and return the result to the farm (Feed - back). A total of 8,121 pigs (315 farms) were examined from January to November in 2007. The prevalence of farms detected with milk-spots was 42.9% (135 / 315 farms), and that of pigs with milk-spots was 7% (565 / 8,121 heads). Among 565 pigs with milk-spots, the pigs with grade 1 and grade 2 were 380 and 185, respectively. The percentage of pigs and farms detected with adult worm were 0.6% (45/8,121) and 7.3% (23/315) respectively. There was no statistical difference in affection rateamong seasons. The rate was 5.0% in spring, 8.8% in summer, 8.2% in autumn and 6.3% in winter. There was no enough difference in pig infection rate based on piggery type. The prevalence of milk-spots in stolic type and in sawdust one were 15% and 18.5%, respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.637-643
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• 2016

The immune correlate of host resistance induced by reinfection of Trichinella spiralis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated immune correlates between the resistance and serum IgG antibody level, $CD23^+$ $IgM^+$ B cells, and eosinophil responses induced by T. spiralis reinfection. Mice were primarily infected with 10 or 100 T. spiralis larvae (10 TS, 100 TS), respectively, and after 4 weeks, they were challenge infected with 100 T. spiralis larvae (10-100 TS, 100-100 TS). Upon challenge infections, 10-100 TS mice induced significantly higher levels of T. spiralis-specific total IgG antibody responses in sera and antibody secreting cell responses in spleens compared to 100-100 TS mice, resulting in significantly reduced worm burdens in 10-100 TS mice (60% and 70% reductions for adult and larvae, respectively). Higher levels of eosinophils were found in mice primarily infected with 10 TS compared to those of 100 TS at week 8 upon challenge. $CD23^+$ $IgM^+$ B cells were found to be increased significantly in mice primarily infected with 10 TS. These results indicate that primary infection of 10 larvae of T. spiralis, rather than 100 larvae, induces significant resistance against reinfection which closely correlated with T. spiralis-specific IgG, eosinophil, and $CD23^+$ $IgM^+$ B cell responses.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.44
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• pp.273.1-273.15
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• 2018

Background: Sparganosis is a larval cestodiasis caused by the plerocercoid of Spirometra spp. Since the first description of human sparganosis in 1924, several hundred cases have been reported in Korea. However, systematic approaches for literature surveys of Korean sparganosis have seldom appeared. Methods: We searched publicly available databases such as PubMed, Research Information Sharing Service, and Korea Medical Citation Index with relevant Medical Subject Headings. Results: At least 438 Korean sparganosis cases have been described from 1924 to 2015. Preoperative diagnosis has been significantly increased since the 1980s due to popularization of serological and imaging diagnostics. Cases were largely detected from fifth decades in general, but cerebral sparganosis was detected in relatively young age groups (third and fourth decades). Sparganosis was prevalent in men (75.9%). Consumption of frog/snake and drinking unfiltered water were found in 63.4% and 16.9% of patients, respectively. Most frequently affected sites were subcutaneous tissues (49.9%), followed by the central nervous system (36.2%). Involvements of visceral organs (7.6%), ocular regions (3.6%), and muscles (2.7%) were noticed. In women, breast sparganosis constituted a large proportion (34.2%). Sparganosis associated with immunocompromised patients has recently been reported. Conclusion: Sparganosis has been continuously reported in Korea during the past 90 years, although its incidence has decreased during the last 20 years. The disease is mostly characterized by subcutaneous nodule, but infection of the worm in vital organs often results in serious illness. Continuous awareness is warranted to monitor sparganosis occurrence and associated clinical consequences.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.305-315
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• 2021

The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, is a major pest in Egypt and many countries worldwide, and causes heavy economic losses. As a result, management measures to control the spread of the worm are required. S. littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) is one of the most promising bioagents for the efficient control of insect pests. In this study, a chitinase gene (chitA) of a 1.8 kb DNA fragment was cloned and fully characterized from SpliNPV-EG1, an Egyptian isolate. A sequence of 601 amino acids was deduced when the gene was completely sequenced with a predicted molecular mass of 67 kDa for the preprotein. Transcriptional analyses using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that chitA transcripts were detected first at 12 h post infection (hpi) and remained detectable until 168 hpi, suggesting their transcriptional regulation from a putative late promoter motif. In addition, quantitative analysis using quantitative RT-PCR showed a steady increase of 7.86-fold at 12 hpi in chitA transcription levels, which increased up to 71.4-fold at 120 hpi. An approximately 50 kDa protein fragment with chitinolytic activity was purified from ChitA-induced bacterial culture and detected by western blotting with an anti-recombinant SpliNPV chitinase antibody. Moreover, purification of the expressed ChitA recombinant protein showed in vitro growth inhibition of two different fungi species, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum, confirming that the enzyme assembly and activity was correct. The results supported the potential role and application of the SpliNPV-ChitA protein as a synergistic agent in agricultural fungal and pest control programs.