• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.47
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• pp.191-216
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• 2017

Among 20th century Western ideologies (Western civilization), existentialism is a spirit of the times to restore humanity as rationality and advanced technology have driven mankind to impoverishment and death, experiencing the First and Second World War, Great Depression, Fascism and the Spanish Civil War. In his literature, $Andr{\acute{e}}$ Malraux records his existential agony of how mankind lives and faces death by questioning the fateful life and death of characters. For Malraux's characters, the absurdity of existence related to the human identity means self-examination. Malraux explores existential consciousness and actions of characters in the presence of a concept known as death relative to terror, revolution, and adventure. Malraux deftly addresses the concept of death in his literary works, and it has being emphasized as a central subject for philosophical speculation. In Les $Conqu{\acute{e}}rants$(1928), La Voie Royale(1930), La Condition Humaine (1933), L'Espoir(1937), Malraux suggested a philosophical thesis of the meaning of life through characters in tragic situations, and sought out the consciousness of being and the existential meaning through how the characters control their fate. Malraux, in such a tragic perspective of the world, portrays humanity, affirmation of life, and characters' consciousness and actions in denying death. The agony of death triggers escapist behavior such as having unpredictable instinctual desires such as gambling or smoking opium, but these are desperate struggles to flee from frustration and related to the question of one's existence. What is always emphasized with respect to Malraux's existentialism is the tragic metaphysics of the inevitable destiny of the human condition eventually leading to the question of how humans ultimately confront death. But as characters unite in times of war, revolution and adventure in the novel, such cooperative actions symbolizes a keen sense of solidarity reflecting a camaraderie that transcends individualism. Fellowship among people who voluntarily gather for the common cause of philanthropy and restoring humanity is possible because of the underlying human greatness to sacrifice for such a noble cause. Therefore, Malraux's camaraderie includes the victory of existentialism in creating a world of humanism.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.161-188
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• 2020

This paper seeks to expand the scale of literary history by restoring and analyzing the whole aspect of Kwak Hashin's works, which has so far been studied little. For this purpose, I notice the rupture of discontinuity of his works which is greatly divided into the colonial period and post Korean war period. And the characteristics of each works can be analyzed based on the three axis, local(colonial period), jobless person(post-war period), and Homo Economicus(some short stories, and popular novels in post-war period). In Chapter 2, 'Local-the world of Munjang', I evaluated that Kwak Hashin's novel, which had been published in the late 1930s in the Journal of Munjang, embodied anti-modern aesthetic consciousness, as clearly revealing the sorrow for disappearing things, the pre-modern sense of time, and the preference for local. In Chapter 3, 'Jobless Person' and Chapter 4, 'The State of All People's Struggle against All People, The Appearance of Homo Economicus', the Korean society in late 1950s, which entered underdeveloped capitalist countries after Korean war, can be characterized by two contrasting male-gender, one is the jobless, incompetent male, and the economic man on the other hand. In the late '50s, Lumpen(=Jobless Person) novels showed the problems of the Korean economy through incompetent male character. The intelligent men took the path to survival rather than morality or intimacy, projecting their own incompetence and anxiety to women/wives. In the popular novels Women's Song and The Shadow of the Fig Tree, achievement-oriented male figures who betrayed their colleagues, and exploited women's sex by using love relationships to rise to the top appeared. They can be defined as the Homo Economicus who embody the state of universal struggle against all people. These novels showed the formation of the masculinity in post Korean war period, which pursued the survival of the fittest, borrowing form of popular novel. As we have seen so far, Kwak Hashin needs to be re-evaluated as an writer who expanded the modern literary history in the outside of literature. He was the last generation writer written in Korean late colonial period, and provided the model of postwar literature by borrowing the form of journalism and popular novels.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

Networked Virtual Reality systems provide a consistent virtual world to the users, possibly ditributed across long distance, and have been widely applied in the military war game, network game. edutainment, architectural areas, and shopping mall etc. Large processing requirements. however. made these systems be mainly researched on the platforms of high-performence system graphics workstations. This study paper Presents several problems when networked virtual reality systems are implemented on commodity Internet : two problems related with 3D graphical Processing, and the other related with network bandwidth and transmission delay. We also suggest solutions to these problems and analyze their performance effect based on an architectural simulation application.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.275-294
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• 1987

In the United States, forest administration is a constantly changing complex of policies, programs, and management regulations. Forest administration is the product of a brief but tumultuous history during which much of the forests which once covered half the land were coutover for farms, industry, and cities. In the last 15 years, forest administration has been increasingly dominated by concerns for maintaining an ecological balance. Current forest administration is deeply rooted in the American traditions of decentralized federalism and free enterprise, yet combines state socialism and private capitalism. The major elements of U.S. forest administration consist of : 1) programs and policies on taxation, professional education and research, and "cooperative forestry", 2) state controls on forest practices for privately owned lands, and of federal policies and regulations for the management of federal lands. The federal Forest Service has played a lead role in developing and implementing national forest policies and programs. Since the end of World War II, the national forests managed by the Forest Service for multiple use have provided and ever growing fraction of domestic timber needs. In the coming decades, cultural and social trends may force a change in management policy on federal land, reducing the importance of timber harvesting in relation to amenity values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.25-40
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• 2004

The rainbow has been considered as a perfect representative of color harmony in nature. In this study rainbow's colors include seven spectral colors and changeable colors according to observational angle. This study performed a bibliographical inquiry into rainbow colors and the survey research for classification of rainbow color images in fashion design. First, a bibliographical inquiry includes the definition of rainbow colors, physical formation principles of the rainbow, and its aesthetical attributes and symbolism. Second, this survey classifies rainbow color images in fashion design. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The rainbow was the religious and symbolic object before 17th century, and after that period, the rainbow became an aesthetical object. The main symbolic meanings are similar in eastern and western culture: temporary bridge between two world, divine nature, hope/beauty/richness, war/ death/flood/drought. 2. This survey shows that 6 main factors of rainbow color images in fashion design are 'vigorous', 'colorful'. 'fairy', 'fresh', 'mysterious', 'brilliant'. Rainbow color image in fashion design shows past and futuristic image at the same time. The purpose of this study is to systematized the images theoretical bases which are applied to color expression and of rainbow colors and to find out the development about rainbow theme by designers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.11 no.2 s.24
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• pp.69-89
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• 1987

The objective of this paper was to identify the general concept of subculture; to assess the symbolism of youth subculture style, such as Teds in the 40's, Mods in the 50's, Skinheads and Hippies in the 60's, and Punks in the 80's, giving an inspiration to many high fashion designers. The data were collected from eye-wittness reports, interviews, magazines such as Vogue, The Face, and The Sunday Times, postcards, and photos taken by authors. Youth subcultures were symbolized as 1) a social protest and disaffection against social class and racism, 2) an expression of shock value for nihilism, anarchism, and vandalism, 3) a meaningful sexual fetishism concerning gender confusion, and 4) an emotion of rage, fear, and alienation among working class youth. One cultural form in a subculture is its 'style.' Costumes, appearances, and accessories such as hair style, make-up, and jewellery were playing an important role in forming a subcultural style. The symbolism of youth subculture was well depicted on their clothing styles, which had influences on Zandra Rhodes's, Body Maps', and Hyper and Hyper's fashion design.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2006

Fascism is a term that began to be used from the late 1930s, means an idea and a system that the strong power of the state intervenes or control people's life based on the argument that the existential value of individuals is found only in the total. Fascist looks, which resulted from World War I and II, had brought a new pattern in women's fashion inspired by men's military uniforms. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify fascist fashion trends in the first half of the twentieth century and to infer various aesthetic values of fascism expressed in fascist fashion looks. The results of this study indicated that expressions of fascism reflected the current ideology of rebellion and appealed to the original national sentiment of the masses. Fascism occurred in response to the contradiction of capitalism and its general crisis had emerged as an ideology with the highest popularity symbolizing power and government during the first half of the twentieth century. It was expressed in military looks as self-centered nationalism and yearning for minorities. Second, fascist fashion looks were not only for political and sexual temptation with the image of power but also for the display of women's status and roles through the bold expression of sexual attractiveness. Finally, fascist fashion looks expressed medieval images praising the feudal age in imagination that contained heroism and at the same time achieved integration under strict social hierarchical order.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.40
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• pp.226-269
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to investigate the process of development of social work and divide it historically during the Korean Modern Times. At first, I investigated this period's "societal" situation (political, economical, social situation) which is closely related to social work and made a historical division. And I wrote down the social welfare policy and social services concretely and I interpreted this period's historical meaning. At the end of the Cho-Sun dynasty, although a modern social work movement had come about naturally in the Korean peninsula, it was nearly destroyed by the Japanese aggression. However, it could have expanded consistently and come to maturity because of a national self-awakening and peoples' vigorous participation after the 3 1 national movement. But unfortunately, as the social work come to be exploited by the Japanese Imperialist powers, it lost its purity its essential purpose and was changed. After World War II, no one was made to take responsibility for those historical facts, and under the name of Social Welfare many ordinary citizens became scapegoats, and passed silently over to the period of American military occupation which was another time of transition in the Korean peninsula. There have been few studies undertaken concerning social welfare during the Japanese occupation. These studies will help to indicate what influence the Japanese had on the development of Korean social welfare after the Japanese occupation. I anticipate many studies on this subject will follow.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2012

This study aims at understanding both the mechanism of new town's competitiveness and its normative pursuit. For the purpose the study steps as follows; (1) Defining operationally cities' competitive power by means of analytic interpretation of substantial nature involved in the preceding studies, (2) Finding some lessons for the desirable development suggested from the history of new town construction in England, France and Japan, where the spatial needs for solving urban problems were exploded after the Second World War, (3) Focusing to agendas regarding development, for example, sustainable development, (4) Recognizing differences between competitiveness of cities and that of new towns and finally (5) Building the model of new town competitiveness, which explains what makes the competitiveness and what kind of effort are necessary for acquiring the advantage. As the result of the process this study concludes that the competitiveness is caused by, or composed of 4 factors. They are Self-sufficiency, Identity, Innovativeness and Sustainability. This frame can be named SIIS-model of new town competitiveness. But there should be contingent and elastic approach in adaptation of these factors to a specific new town, considering its own goal, scale and other situation. The model established in this study is expected to be a analytical frame for the follow-up studies on finding problems and seeking directions of new town development in our country.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.67-81
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• 2003

This study is for analyzing relationship between clothing and shoes design in the 20th century fashion through studying changes of fashion style. At the beginning of the 20th century, the length of skirts became shorten, so that shoes can be shown. For the result of that. shoes has been developed rapidly in its shape, color, material and ornament with having relations with clothes. The 1st World War made fashion to change into economical style. According to that, shoes also changed with regarding its activities and economical efficiency. In the middle of the 20th century. according to the development of mass media. the stars fashion influenced on the trends of clothes and shoes. As young generation. who leads fashion trends, prefer easy and active clothes, shoes also changed into easy style, sneakers were worn widely and platform sole was applied into various shoes. As a result of this study, shoes design was dynamically changed according to fashion style. The study on its functional efficiency is actively studied now however. the study of shoes design is not. When regarding shoes were always worn with clothes, it is impossible to think shoes and clothes are two things. and also I hope the study on relations between clothes and shoes can be more active and consistently implemented.