• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

JejuHaenyeo(women diver) culture has been designated as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity(ICH) in 2016. However, the number of new Haenyeo is decreasing due to the hardships and difficulties of Haenyeo job, and the aging factor of Haenyeo is threatening the cultural preservation and inheritance. The study aims to analyze JejuHaenyeo's awareness on self, community and UNESCO ICH designation. The study further aims to check any significant difference in Haenyeo's self-awareness per age group to conclude an effective strategy for permanence of Haenyeo culture. 228 JejuHaenyeo were interviewed at "The 10th JejuHaenyeo World Festival" around the Jeju Haenyeo Museum in Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si. The test result shows the difference per age group on awareness on self and UNESCO ICH designation status. The younger the generation of Haenyeo it gets, the awareness on self and UNESCO ICH designation status of Haenyeo gets lowerer. Without an immediate improvement to supplement JejuHaenyeo's awareness on self and UNESCO ICH designation status, preservation and inheritance of JejuHaenyeo culture may not be an easy task in the future.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.469-480
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to enhance the cultural heritage value of the Juk-Bang-Ryeum (Bamboo Weir) and prove the originality through the review of historical literature. The main industry of Korean was agriculture and fishery from ancient. In the ancient, fishery instruments are not enough due to the lack of fishing technology. The Juk-Bang-Ryeum was considered as important national resources and asset. It give us many implications about the wisdom of our ancestors because of it's scientific principle of the structure. It is surely a cultural heritage to preserve in the future because it is considered as important community asset as well as more natural and environment oriented fishing method. In the literature, the origin of 'Juk-Bang-Ryeum' can be found as 'Eo-Ryang' or 'Bang-Ryeum'. The records on this terminology go back to the Corea Dynasty, but their documentary records are rare, and most of them are records of the Chosun Dynasty. In this study, we surveyed mainly the literature records about the southern coast region in the period of Chosun Dynasty. This study contributes for preserving the cultural assets of our ancestors who pursued eco-friendly fishery method, and it is also of great significance to produce objective data based on records for the registration of the World Record Heritage.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.525-538
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• 2018

Myazedi Quadrilingual Stone Inscription of Myanmar, inscribed to the World Heritage List in 2015, is a rare historical artifact which has an exact date of inscription. It is a written record that displays the history, religion, and culture of Myanmar. Since the surface of the Stone Inscription has been rubbed with ink many times during the process of making printed copies for interpretation and academic research, it has developed a serious stain problem. Therefore, scientific analysis of the stain and research on the treatment for its removal have been conducted. In particular, an experiment was conducted on stain removal using laser cleaning and chemical treatment. The stains are mostly ink dirt, which accumulated from previous ink-rubbing processes. In order to conduct the experiment under similar conditions, a sample with similar stain has been reproduced, and a set of different conditions for treatment was applied to the sample to determine an effective solution. Laser cleaning was found to be effective in removing stains from most samples. However, chemical treatment showed different results. The physical friction method using ethanol provided the best result. In conclusion, laser cleaning is an effective universally-applicable technique but chemical treatment with laser cleaning can be considered an alternative method in certain situations.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.32-47
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• 2013

The concepts of authenticity and integrity are very important standards to be satisfied in the conservation and utilization of Scenic Site (名勝), literally meaning the places of scenic beauty, as a public heritage. These concepts, which are frequently used in the conservation and utilization of the World Heritage inscribed by UNESCO, can be applied to all kinds of heritages. Recently, it has been widely recognized that the concepts of authenticity and integrity are not separable but interconnected. Accordingly, the maintenance of authenticity in Scenic Site should include not only the physical preservation but also the succession of historical tradition of enjoyment. The integrity in Scenic Site refers to the physical and social conditions under which authenticity can be satisfactorily protected. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the traditional ways of enjoying historical and cultural Scenic Site with emphasis on the Yeongnam Region and make a critical examination of cultural property protection areas that have been designated. Then, this study aims to find the ways to utilize Scenic Site to secure the standards of authenticity and integrity. As a result it was discovered that cultural property protection areas are not designated well enough to satisfy the standards of authenticity and integrity. Considering the fact that cultural property protection areas are the minimal institutional systems to maintain the original value of Scenic Site, it is necessary to pay more careful attention to the ways of securing the authenticity and integrity in Scenic Site.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.85-101
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• 2019

Recently, thank to the popularization of light-weight drone through the significant developments in computer technologies as well as the advanced automated procedures in photogrammetry, Unmanned Aircraft Systems have led to a growing interest in industry as a whole. Documentation, maintenance, and restoration projects of large scaled cultural property would required accurate 3D phenomenon modeling and efficient visual inspection methods. The object of this study verify on the accuracies achieved of 3D phenomenon reconstruction as well as on the validity of the preservation, maintenance and restoration of large scaled cultural property by UAS photogrammetry. The test object is cltural heritage(treasure 1324) that is the rock-carved standing Bodhisattva in Soraesan Mountain, Siheung, documented in Goryeo Period(918-1392). This standing Bodhisattva has of particular interests since it's size is largest stone Buddha carved in a rock wall and is wearing a lotus shaped crown that is decorated with arabesque patterns. The positioning accuracy of UAS photogrammetry were compared with non-target total station survey results on the check points after creating 3D phenomenal models in real world coordinates system from photos, and also the quantified informations documented by Culture Heritage Administration were compared with UAS on the bodhisattva image of thin lines. Especially, tests the validity of UAS photogrammetry as a alternative method of visual inspection methods. In particular, we examined the effectiveness of the two techniques as well as the relative fluctuation of rock surface for about 2 years through superposition analysis of 3D points cloud models produced by both UAS image analysis and ground laser scanning techniques. Comparison studies and experimental results prove the accuracy and efficient of UAS photogrammetry in 3D phenomenon modeling, maintenance and restoration for various large-sized Cultural Heritage.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.199-212
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• 2021

The Sebyeonggwan Hall (National Treasure No. 305) is located on the Naval Headquarter of Three Provinces in Tongyeong, and it has partly undergone with several rebuilding, remodeling, repairing and restorations since it's the first establishment in Joseon Dynasty (AD 1605) of ancient Korea. This study focuses on 50 foundation stones that comprise the Sebyeonggwan. These stones are made of six rock types and currently have various shapes of the surface damages. As the foundation stones, the dominant rock type was dacitic lapilli tuffs, and provenance-based interpretation was performed to supply alternative stones for conservation. Most of the provenance rocks for foundation stones showed highly homogeneity with their corresponding stones of petrography, mineralogy and magnetic susceptibility. According to surface deterioration assessments, the most serious damages of the stones were blistering and scaling. The deterioration mechanism was identified through the analysis of inorganic contaminants, and the primary reason is considered salt weathering caused by sea breeze and other combined circumstances. Based on the mechanical durability of the stones, there was no foundation stone that required the replacement of its members attributed to the degradation of the rock properties, but conservation treatment is considered necessary to delay superficial damage. The foundation stones are characterized by a combined outcome of multiple petrological factors that caused physical damage to surfaces and internal defects. Therefore, it's required to diagnosis and monitoring the Sebyeonggwan regularly for long-term preservation.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.30
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• pp.47-70
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• 2023

In 2019, the first excavation survey was conducted at the Temple Site No. 4 of Yaksugok Vally in Namsan Mountain, Gyeongju to determine the original location of the headless stone Buddha statue and the structure of the temple site. The survey excavated a stone Buddha head that was confirmed in a comparative analysis to be petrologically and mineralogically identical to a headless stone seated Buddha statue found derelict nearby. Traces of gold leaf and black adhesive were found on a portion of the right side of the face of the Buddha head buried in the ground. Since it is exceedingly rare for lacquer and gilding techniques to have been applied to a large stone Buddha statue without a base layer, this study examines the gilding techniques of the time by analyzing the characteristics of the materials used. In this process, the structure of the gold foil was observed through analytical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and the gold (Au) component was identified. As a result of analyzing the black adhesive using pyrolysis-gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (pyrolysis-GC/MS), pyrolysis compounds such as hydrocarbons, fatty acids, catechol, and catechol oxidation products were detected. This was identical to the characteristics identified upon analyzing lacquer collected from species of lacquer tree whose main component is urushiol. Therefore, it was confirmed that the stone Buddha head excavated from the Temple Site No. 4 of Yaksugok Valley was separated from a nearby stone seated Buddha statue, and that the gold foil was attached using lacquer sap collected from lacquer trees, which grow in Korea, China, and Japan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

Taekwondo, Korean traditional martial art as one of the ten Korean cultural symbols, has acquired a reputation for introducing and globalizing Korean culture together with its standing as official Olympic Game in 2000, Sydney, Australia. Nevertheless the World Taekwondo Headquarters, Kukkiwon, which is an exclusive Taekwondo institution only accommodates for three thousand persons. Considering the worldwide reputation of Taekwondo, the scale of Kukkiwon leaves a big supply problem. This study therefore suggests the plan to design Taekwondo park that playa major role of Taekwondo development in the 21st century and represent the cultural heartland of Taekwondo. The study considers four points. The points are as follows: 1) Necessary programs drawn by analyzing and assessing Muju city as a site for Taekwondo park, then a survey conducted for potential visitors to a Taekwondo park. Under the theme of "A World Cultural Heritage Upon Our Own Lives", the park plan intends to become a shrine of Taekwondo as well as a big tourist attraction. 2) Programs are appropriate for the terms of the investment under the auspices of government, by considering potential visits and the site conditions. 3) The meaning of Taekwondo and its history should be reflected in the space distribution and facilities allotment. Three meaningful zones: symbolic zone, training zone and culture zone are considered in planning program and space distribution. 4) The plan also intends to harmonize with local development by groping Muju city's uplifting, not only designs a Taekwondo park.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

World state of the arts of the conservation of stone monuments is reviewed and the modern conservation program based on conservation science is proposed for the scientific conservation of stone monuments in Korea. The conservation program suggests that the site environment diagnosis, decay diagnosis, petrophysical property analysis, and conservation experiment should always be carefully studied before conservation treatment. It is an up-to-date widely accepted concept in the world of stone conservation science. Our urgent national tasks that should be accomplished for the scientific conservation of stone monuments in Korea are proposed in the following: 1) The stone monument conservation projects should be planned in accordance with 'Conservation Concept of Stone Cultural Properties' and executed in accordance with the proposed 'Conservation Program for Stone Cultural Property' based on conservation science. 2) It is proposed that 'National Institute of Conservation Science for Cultural Properties' be established for systematic conservation research on the tangible cultural properties. 3) The conservation projects of stone monuments should be executed under the control of stone conservation specialist for their quality control. 4) Special national budget should be prepared for quick development of researches on conservation science in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1489-1495
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• 2020

Gotjawal, Jeju Island, Korea is a lava-formed forest with low soil content that is unique in the world. Around 6 percent of the Jeju Iand is classified as a lava-based specific forest. The forest has been gradually disappearing during the last several decades, with approximately one half having been destroyed. Our study undertakes a detailed analysis of the landscape of the lava subsidence, and describes the fungi, vegetation, and soils of Cheongsu Gotjawal. Soil samples from the Gotjawal were collected, and soil analyses as well as pyrosequencing of the internal transcribed spacer gene for fungal communities were performed. Soil fungal communities are represented by Discisedars, Fusarium, Pleochaeta, and Fuscoporia genera. Endemic vegetation of the Gotjawal includes the plants Pleris critical, Machilus japonica, Quercus glauca, Arachniodes aristata, and Neocheiropteris ensata. Results of soil analysis indicate sandy loam with 31.70% organic matter, and 1.36 mg/kg of total nitrogen. This fundamental information can help understand the invaluable and unique nature of Cheongsu Gotjawal, and the necessity for more studies on Gotjawal.