• MALSORI
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• no.60
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• pp.125-144
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• 2006

W3C announced a standard software architecture for multimodal context-aware middleware that emphasizes modularity and separates structure, contents, and presentation. We implemented a distributed multimodal interface system followed the W3C architecture, based on SCXML. SCXML uses parallel states to invoke both XHTML and VoiceXML contents as well as to gather composite or sequential multimodal inputs through man-machine interactions. We also hire Delivery Context Interface(DCI) module and an external service bundle enabling middleware to support context-awareness services for real world environments. The provision of personalized user interfaces for mobile devices is expected to be used for different devices with a wide variety of capabilities and interaction modalities. We demonstrated the implemented middleware could maintain multimodal scenarios in a clear, concise and consistent manner by some experiments.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.126-135
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• 2021

Wave energy is one of the most available sources of renewable energy in the world. It has been previously proven that the flapping foil can generate thrust forces using energy from the surface waves and an empirical formula was proposed to predict the thrust forces generated by a flapping foil consist of NACA0015 section (Kumar and Shin, 2019a). However, the proposed empirical formula was restricted to the head waves i.e. 0° azimuth angle which was not useful for the flapping foils encountering with oblique and following waves. Therefore, in this study, the thrust empirical formula was modified to include the effects of azimuth angles based on the experimentally obtained data. And the modified empirical equations were validated by the combination of foils experimentally.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-145
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• 2024

Bamboo is seen as a low cost, lightweight, widely available and environmental-friendly material. In Vietnam, it also connects deeply to our culture. However, it wasn't seen as a viable material for large structures before VTN Architects. Furthermore, Vietnamese cities are facing the same environmental problems as many developing metropolises in the world. Globally, climate change is a serious issue. The need for sustainable construction material is clear. The increasing development of eco-tourism in Vietnam and Asia is also a background. These become the background to the foundation and the development of bamboo architecture by VTN Architects. The journal analyses our development of bamboo construction, joints, structures, and how to use them to realise space and to create eco-friendly architecture. We will talk about our process of bamboo procurement, our construction methods, our unique joint system, how we make a frame unit and how we construct VTN bamboo structures from units.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.22-37
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• 2016

This research sought to examine the strategies of cultural heritage proving the negative history to be registered as world heritage, among the World Heritages registered in UNESCO. Therefore, to comprehend "negative history"and the heritages with "instructive value," the new term of "Remembrance Heritage"was suggested, and such cases of world heritage were analyzed. Especially by analyzing the criteria of being registered by focusing on the cases of similar World Heritages with similar historical background or form as Korean DMZ, the criteria of OUV that may be applied when Korean DMZ is promoted to be registered as World Heritage. The research results may be summarized as the following. First of all, Remembrance Heritage is a place in which events of universal significance have occurred, rather than the historical, artistic, landscape, and scholastic value of the heritage itself, and was evaluated as architecture, landscape, or place in which the events or historical steps could be verified through architectural, landscape, archaeological or technical means. Secondly, Remembrance Heritage was often applied to be registered with the criterion (vi), and criterion (iii) or criterion (iv). Thirdly, in case of the Korean DMZ, application of criterion (iv) as heritage proving the age of cold war and criterion (vi) as symbolic value of peace may be possible.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.564-570
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• 2005

This paper provides a basis for investigating 'The Origin of Artificial Species,' as a robot can be considered as an artificial creature. To design an artificial creature, its general internal architecture is presented and its artificial chromosomes are proposed as its essential components. Rity as an artificial creature is developed in a virtual world of PC to test the world's first robotic 'chromosomes,' which are a set of computerized DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) codes for creating robots (artificial creatures) that can have their own personality, and can ultimately reproduce their kind, or even evolve as a distinct species. The effectiveness of the artificial chromosomes is demonstrated by implanting the genetic code into two Ritys living in a virtual world, in order to define their personality.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.5 s.98
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• pp.112-123
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• 1999

Virtual reality is becoming a powerful tool for various applications such as training, entertainment, surgery, tele-robotics etc. One potential use for virtual reality is to allow several users to interact in a single virtual environment, for example several students sitting in front of different computers connected over a network. In this paper, we present a loosely coupled architecture of haptic display in the multi-user virtual world. The method of controlling haptic devices as well as the way of configuring individual haptic display system are addressed. We will develop an experimental virtual reality system for two remote users and conclude with an experimental work for the task of a multi-player ping-pong and grasping of a common object.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

The last 30 years have seen a rapid growth in the number of supertall buildings across the world, with newly completed buildings continuing to rank among the tallest 100 every year. Chinese projects notably play a pivotal role in these constant updates. It is caused by the interweaving of population and urbanization, economic considerations, and further, a series of accompanying urban problems. This paper focuses on the world's 100 tallest buildings in the last 30 years, and compares this collection of projects across five years via the dimensions of height, distribution, function and structural material. The intention is to discuss and interpret the influence factors and developing trends, some of which have been apparent over a dozen years, while others are just beginning to take shape, thus to provide an opportunity to preview the types of supertall buildings in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate physical properties of soil and turfgrass wear characteristics within turfgrasses inside or outside the stadium A 1/1000 scale model Inchon world cup soccer d[me was constructed for this test. Turfgrasses planted inside and outside the model dome were; Kentucky bluegrass(KB), Kentucky bluegrass + perennial ryegrass mixture (KB+PR), Kentucky bluegrass + tall fescue + perennial ryegrass mixture (KB+TF+PR), Zoysia japonica 'Anyangjungzii'(ZA) and Zoysia japonica 'Zenith\`(ZZ). The rootzone was constructed by the multi-layer method (United States Golf Association method). Traffic on turfgrasses was treated with a 120kg roller. Surface soil hardness, soil penetration and water infiltration values on cool-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) was found to be better for soccer play compared to zoysiagrasses(ZA, ZZ). No big differences in surface soil hardness, soil penetration and water infiltration values were found between inside and outside of the model dome. Wear damage on cool-season grasses caused by the traffic treatment was low compared to zoysiagrasses. However, there was no difference in wear damage by the traffic treatment within cool-season grasses while wear damage on ZA was higher than on ZZ within zoysiagrasses. It could be concluded that physical properties and wear characteristics on cool-season grasses were much better for soccer play than on zoysiagrasses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.163-165
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a world's first programmable video processing platform for video quality enhancement of 8K ($7680{\times}4320$) UHD (Ultra High Definition) TV at 60 frames per second. To support huge computation and memory bandwidth of video quality enhancement for 8K resolution, the proposed platform has unique features like symmetric multi-cluster architecture for data partitioning, ring data-path between clusters to support data pipelining, on-the-fly processing architecture to reduce DDR bandwidth, flexible hardware to accelerating common kernel in video enhancement algorithms. In addition to those features, general programmability of SRP (Samsung reconfigurable processor) as main core of the proposed platform makes it possible to upgrade continuously video enhancement algorithm even after the platform is fixed. This ability is very important because algorithms for 8K DTV is under development. The proposed sub-system has been embedded into SoC (System on Chip) and new 8K UHD TV using the programmable SoC is expected at CES2015 for the first time in the world.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.156-163
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• 2004

The Caravanserai, which can be discovered in the Islamic States in the regions of the Northern Africa and the Middle Asia, still maintains its profound influence to the Islamic World as one of significant edifices in the Islamic World. The majority of the Islamic people at the time of the foundation of Islamic State around AD. 7th century was the nomads, and a trade by means of caravan with their neighboring people was their critical activity for obtaining the necessities of life. With its political and social condition of the Islamic State stabilized and economy developed, the scope of commerce began to grow and the scale of trading with foreign countries started to expand. Along with this economic expansion, the caravanserai began to take a shape as a channel through which not only could the commercial commodities be traded but also religious Islamic ideas and important information could be spread into and shared with the people of neighboring countries. The significance of the caravanserai comes from such observation that it did play major roles in consolidating the solidarity of Islamic states and keeping a religious unity among them. The caravanserai, heading far beyond being a mere commercial center, ultimately functioned as a seedbed of life and spirit of the Islam. Starting from the understanding of social and political significance of the caravanserai, I set the first objective of this article to read into the architecture and interior design of the caravanserai and understand the general characteristics of the Islamic architecture and interior design.