• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.252-262
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• 1993

The subject on office automation is gradually gaining more improtance due to the fact that the efficiency of office systems contribute to the increase of productivity as much as manufactoring systems themselves. For successful implementation of office automation, one must carefully plan and execute various steps such as the analysis of office tasks, personnel training, workplace design, equipment design, and so on. The previous studies related to the subject has not been concrete enough to be practically helpful for the actual realization of office automation. In this paper, a new analysis method of the office task is proposed. This analysis method is based on the Rasmussen's and Bennette's methods. The Rasmussen's method describes a way of quantifying mental workload while the Bennette's method provides a tool for the analysis of the office task. The posner's and Rouse's methods are also employed for the detailed division of tasks. The method proposed in this paper is believed to be easier for use and expected to be more helpful for us to cope with the clear definition of office tasks that is vital to successful implementation of office automation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.371-372
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• 2023

If the participants in construction site safety management perform their duties in accordance with the provisions of the Industrial Safety and Health Act, the burden on safety managers would be minimal. However, the lack of specific work guidelines for each participating entity and the greater responsibility of the safety and health general manager than the management supervisor have resulted in safety managers' workload being increased due to the problem of management supervisors' neglect of safety management. In this study, we conducted a survey of the safety manager's duties and related documents during the construction project initiation, early stages, ongoing work, and disaster occurrence/investigation, and conducted interviews to improve and enhance the division of duties.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.367-374
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• 2018

A trajectory-based scheduling system is proposed for air traffic management using next generation aviation data communication link. Based on the service concept of 4-dimensional trajectory data link (4DTRAD) using air traffic serveices (ATS) datalink Baseline 2, a procedure for trajectory-based operation of an en-route flight is established and described in detail. To mitigate air traffic controllers' workload which might be caused by various and complicated data utilization, a prototype of the scheduling system, which predicts the aircraft trajectory based on the flight intents received by air traffic service system and provides advisory information for air traffic control, was developed. The simulation environment for trajectory based operation was built to validate the scheduling functionality of the prototype.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.216-223
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• 2018

Background: Many studies have reported negative psychological or physical effects of emotional labor. Relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorder and psychosocial factors has been reported. To manage organizational and psychosocial factors of musculoskeletal disorder with work place intervention among emotional laborers, the factors contributing to musculoskeletal pain must be identified and clarified. Methods: Data from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey was analyzed. Based on the questionnaire, we selected emotional laborers and included 3,979 participants, excluding participants whose variables were of interest to the researcher. Weight variable was applied. The association with musculoskeletal pain and psychosocial factors, such as workload, monotonous work, job control, social support, and job satisfaction, was investigated. Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated that there was a statistically significant relationship between social support, job satisfaction, and musculoskeletal pain. In multivariate analysis, job satisfaction showed a strong correlation with musculoskeletal pain at all sites. Social support was significantly associated with backache. Monotonous work seemed to reduce the pain in the neck and/or upper limbs. Job control and work intensity were not significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: In this study, job satisfaction was significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain, and social support among the social psychological stressors could reduce musculoskeletal pain. However, unlike previously known, the presence of monotonous work resulted in reduced musculoskeletal pain. The results of this study will help to establish the direction of improvement of atmosphere in the workplace to prevent the musculoskeletal pain of emotional laborers.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2024

VTS operators monitor movements of vessels within their jurisdiction and provide necessary information to ensure safe navigation. This involves communication with vessels within the VTS area. Contents of these communications are manually recorded in logbooks. However, manual logging faces limitations due to its inability to document details comprehensively and the challenge of constant recording amidst various duties. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the workload associated with manual logkeeping by examining eye movements of VTS operators. Eye-tracking devices were used to measure gaze patterns of VTS operator at the Busan Port. Results indicated that approximately 65% of the VTS operators' gaze was directed towards the operation consoles, which were focal points for marine traffic information. In contrast, only about 9% of their gaze was directed towards logbooks. These findings suggest that while VTS operators predominantly focus on areas related to information gathering and dissemination, logbooks, being information-recording zones, receive minimal attention. For effective traffic management, the primary focus should be on information processing and provision rather than manual documentation.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.413-423
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• 2001

Low back disorders (LBDs) are one of the most common and costly work-related musculoskeletal disorders. One of the major possible risk factors of LBDs is to work with static and awkward trunk postures, especially in a complex trunk posture involving flexion, twisting and lateral bending simultaneously. This study is to examine the effect of complex trunk postures on the postural stresses using a psychophysical method. Twelve healthy male students participated in an experiment, in which 29 different trunk postures were evaluated using the magnitude estimation method. The results showed that subjective discomfort significantly increased as the levels of trunk flexion, lateral bending and rotation increased. Significant interaction effects were found between rotation and lateral bending or flexion when the severe lateral bending or rotation were assumed, indicating that simultaneous occurrence of trunk flexion, lateral bending and rotation increases discomfort ratings synergistically. A postural workload evaluation scheme of trunk postures was proposed based on the angular deviation levels from the neutral position. Each trunk posture was assigned numerical stress index depending upon its discomfort rating, which was defined as the ratio of discomfort of a posture to that of its neutral posture. Four qualitative action categories for the stress index were also provided in order to enable practitioners to apply corrective actions appropriately. The proposed scheme is expected to be applied to several field areas for evaluating trunk postural stresses.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2018

Recently, the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) coverage has expanded to include coastal areas following the increased attention on vessel traffic safety. However, it has increased the workload on the VTS operators. In some cases, when the traffic volume increases sharply during the rush hour, the VTS operator may not be aware of the risks. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a new method to recognize ship movement anomalies automatically to support the VTS operator's decision-making. The proposed method generated traffic pattern model without any category information using the unsupervised learning algorithm.. The anomaly score can be calculated by classification and comparison of the trained model. Finally, we reviewed the experimental results using a ship-handling simulator and the actual trajectory data to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.869-877
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• 2007

This paper proposes a realtime scheduling method using local search algorithm for non-crossable yard cranes in automated container terminal. To take into consideration the dynamic property of yard crane operation and satisfy the real time constraint, the proposed method repeatedly builds crane schedule for the jobs in a fixed length look-ahead horizon whenever a new job is requested In addition, the proposed method enables the co-operation between yard cranes through prior re-handling and re-positioning in order to resolve the workload imbalance problem between the two cranes, which is one of the primary causes that lower the performance of yard cranes. Simulation-based experiments have shown that the proposed method outperforms the heuristic based methods, and the cooperation scheme contributes a lot to the performance improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1301-1306
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• 2010

The protocol based on password have very important qualifications that not only satisfy against attacks cause of restricting that have, but also efficiency of reducing users' workload. It has a problem of speculative attacks for the user authentication protocol based on password with most case, because users use password that can remember easily. Song and Etc. have proposed new mechanism that improved the problem of S/KEY system. The protocol proposed by Song has a problem in registration process, and user information can be abused by the malevolent server. We propose a new authentication protocol based on efficient OPT, that improved above problems.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.192-196
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• 2011

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a main cause of hospitalization for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants worldwide. Children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (HS-CHD), as well as premature infants are at high risk for severe RSV diseases. Mortality rates for CHD patients hospitalized with RSV have been reported as about 24 times higher compared with those without RSV infection. Recently with advances in intensive care, mortality rates in CHD patients combined with RSV have decreased below 2%. The requirements of intensive care and mechanical ventilation for CHD patients with RSV infection were still higher than those without RSV infection or with non-CHD children. RSV infection has frequently threatened CHD infants with congestive heart failure, cyanosis, or with pulmonary hypertension. As a progressive RSV pneumonitis in those infants develops, the impairment of oxygen uptake, the breathing workload gradually increases and eventually causes to significant pulmonary hypertension, even after the operation. Preventing RSV infection as much as possible is very important, especially in infants with HS-CHD. A humanized monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, has effective in preventing severe RSV disease in high-risk infants, and progressive advances in supportive care including pulmonary vasodilator have dramatically decreased the mortality (<1%). Depending on the global trend, Korean Health Insurance guidelines have approved the use of palivizumab in children <1 year of age with HS-CHD since 2009. Korean data are collected for RSV prophylaxis in infants with CHD.