• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4A
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• pp.647-657
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• 2006

Probabilistic Risk Assessment considering statistically random variables is performed for the preliminary design of a Cable Stayed Bridge, which is Prestressed Concrete Bridge consisted of cable and plate girders, based on the method of Working Stress Design and Strength Design. Component reliabilities of cables and girders have been evaluated using the response surface of the design variables at the selected critical sections based on the maximum shear, positive and negative moment locations. Response Surface Method (RSM) is successfully applied for reliability analyses for this relatively small probability of failure of the complex structure, which is hard to obtain through Monte-Carlo Simulations. or through First Order Second Moment Method that can not easily calculate the derivative terms of implicit limit state functions. For the analysis of system reliability, parallel resistance system consisting of cables and plate girder is changed into series connection system and the result of system reliability of total structure is presented. As a system reliability, the upper and lower probabilities of failure for the structural system have been evaluated and compared with the suggested prediction method for the combination of failure modes. The suggested prediction method for the combination of failure modes reveals the unexpected combinations of element failures in significantly reduced time and efforts compared with the previous permutation method or system reliability analysis method, which calculates upper and lower bound failure probabilities.

• 한국노년학
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.323-334
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• 2007

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed to investigate the relationship among attitude toward DNR orders, depression, and self-esteem in the elderly. Method: The participants of this study were 99 elderly individuals who were hospitalized in four university hospitals in Seoul and Kangwon-do from October 1, 2006 to October 21, 2006. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Results: The mean scores were 3.99 for attitude toward DNR orders(range of 1-5), 6.64 for depression(range of 1-15), and 26.83 for self-esteem(range of 10-40). Self-esteem was significantly correlated with attitude toward DNR orders(r=.200, p=.047). About half of the participants(49.5%) responded that the proper time for obtaining DNR consent was when they were healthy and could express their own intentions and make the decision by themselves. Most of the participants showed a positive attitude toward DNR orders. The participants preferred to make the DNR decision when they were healthy. Therefore, health care providers working with the elderly should try to discuss the DNR decision with their patients when they are conscious and able to make the DNR decision by themselves rather than leaving the decisions up to the patient's family members

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.35-59
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• 2011

As the long term care insurance for the elderly has been established for 3 years it was noticed that the success of the policy is depending on the care workers. This study is to analyze and evaluate what are the characteristics and factors influencing their job satisfaction. The questionnaire survey was conducted over 291 care workers who are employed at 61nursing home for the elderlyin Jeollanamdo. The survey result is as following. Firstly, 93.5% of workers were female, 78% of them were over 40-50 years old, and 68.7% of them werelower than a high school graduate as their academic background. Secondly, 63.2% were contract-based or temporary employees, 53.3% had a work-related education less than 5 times for the past year, and 79.7% had an annual salary lower than KRW 20 million. Thirdly, the overall job satisfaction was 3.19 on the Likert scale of 5. Also, the job satisfaction was higher for the care workers working and getting paid by home than by company, for full-time workers than temporary workers. In addition, it was found that the more workers have work-related education and the higher their annual salary is, the higher their job satisfaction is. The study evaluated the factor influencing on their job satisfaction and suggested the way to improve it based on the survey analysis.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.58-108
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• 2019

This paper analyzes the determining factors in the unemployment rate among young people in their 20s by studying data from 30 OECD countries between 2000 and 2017. It identifies reasons why Korea has a higher youth unemployment rate than Japan, and assesses what implications Japan's youth unemployment measures could have on Korea. The study highlights the variables that have meaningful impacts on youth unemployment. They include the unemployment rate among the working-age population, the percentage of each age bracket in the overall population, the GDP growth rate, the percentage of wage laborers in each age group, the percentage of elderly people, and the percentage of part-time workers. This paper also finds that a decline in the youth population, especially among people in their 20s, does not help to address the issue of youth unemployment. Secondly, this paper explains the additional factors behind Korea's higher youth unemployment rates. One is Korea's disadvantageous employment environment, compared to that in Japan, in terms of wage earnings. Other factors include the existence of fewer decent corporate jobs than in Japan, and wide disparities in wages between large and small corporate jobs. Therefore, while making efforts to resolve long-term and structural problems, it is necessary to actively promote policy measures to solve short-term mismatch problems of youth employment by referring to Japanese policy examples.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.105-132
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• 2006

The major purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental uncertainties and logistics resources capabilities mediated by relational norms and logistics services on logistics performance in the industrial products. The 272 data were collected from the key informants who were working at the logistics-related departments in the H Heavy Industries & Construction and HSD Engine. The following results were verified using structural equation modeling. First, environmental uncertainties such as dynamism and heterogeneity unexpectedly had insignificant effects on relational norms such as information exchange and flexibility and logistics services such as product availability and on-time delivery. Second, logistics resource capabilities showed unique effects based upon its component's characteristics. For example, Logistics Information Systems did not have direct impact on logistics services but had indirect effect on logistics services via relational norms. On the other hand, logistics resources such as logistics specific assets and transportation service competencies had direct impact on logistics services but not on relational norms. Third, relational norms between transaction partners significantly affected logistics services but had insignificant effects on logistics performance such as logistics costs reduction and delivery qualities. Fourth, consistent with several studies, excellent logistics services between industrial purchaser and suppliers based upon relational norms did have significant effect on logistics performance such as delivery consistency and delivery qualities. Finally, the empirical results in this study could be strategic logistics management guidelines based upon the theoretical relationships among the environmental uncertainties, logistics information systems, logistics resources, relational norms, logistics services, and logistics performance.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.137-152
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• 2020

The increase in national income, the expansion of transportation network, the increase in leisure time, and the influx of foreign tourists in the era of internationalization, the influx of the outside population of Jeju region increased rapidly until 2020. However, the corona 19 (Covid-19) incident that began in January 2020 has hit the entire industry, and the tourism industry in Jeju has also been greatly damaged. However, in the second half of 2020, with some calming of the Corona 19 situation and difficult to leave overseas, the number of visitors to Jeju Island is increasing again as Koreans choose Jeju Island as their domestic tourism. This study analyzed the capacity of Jeju's external population based on the Contingent Valuation Method, and based on this, attempted to suggest policy recommendations for Jeju. The size of accommodations such as the density of visitors, toilets, and rest areas were excluded from consideration, and the level of securing the parking lot already exceeded the capacity, and the rate of securing the parking lot was 93.4%. In the case of accommodation, the total number of available rooms is 88,691, even if one guest per room is assumed, which is 32,372,215 per year, which is sufficient in terms of visitor capacity. To analyze the aspects of psychological capacity, this study analyzed whether the residents are feeling psychological discomfort through three methods of road congestion, garbage disposal, and sewage treatment through Contingent Valuation Method. However, the inconvenience caused by the increase of visitors and the effect of continuous population influx is working in combination, and it has the limitation that the effects of these independent factors cannot be specifically separated. As a result of the study, discomfort has already been recognized in terms of psychological capacity among the factors of capacity, and it was estimated that a cost of about 45 billion won per year was incurred as a result of deriving psychological costs through Contingent Valuation Method. In the future, a policy review is needed to resolve or maintain the perception of this discomfort through continuous management. Accordingly, it is necessary to recognize that the increase of visitors leads to the psychological discomfort of the residents, and to seek a policy alternative that can simultaneously increase the number of visitors and the comfort of the residence.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.30-39
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• 2023

Large dams, which are critical infrastructures for disaster prevention, are exposed to various risks such as aging, floods, and earthquakes. Better dam safety inspection and diagnosis using digital transformation technologies are needed. Traditional visual inspection methods by human inspectors have several limitations, including many inaccessible areas, danger of working at heights, and know-how based subjective inspections. In this study, drone photogrammetry was performed on two large dams to evaluate the applicability of digital data-based dam safety inspection and propose a data management methodology for continuous use. High-quality 3D digital models with GSD (ground sampling distance) within 2.5 cm/pixel were generated by flat double grid missions and manual photography methods, despite reservoir water surface and electromagnetic interferences, and severe altitude differences ranging from 42 m to 99.9 m of dam heights. Geometry profiles of the as-built conditions were easily extracted from the generated 3D mesh models, orthomosaic images, and digital surface models. The effectiveness of monitoring dam deformation by photogrammetry was confirmed. Cracks and deterioration of dam concrete structures, such as spillways and intake towers, were detected and visualized efficiently using the digital 3D models. This can be used for safe inspection of inaccessible areas and avoiding risky tasks at heights. Furthermore, a methodology for mapping the inspection result onto the 3D digital model and structuring a relational database for managing deterioration information history was proposed. As a result of measuring the labor and time required for safety inspection at the SYG Dam spillway, the drone photogrammetry method was found to have a 48% productivity improvement effect compared to the conventional manpower visual inspection method. The drone photogrammetry-based dam safety inspection is considered very effective in improving work productivity and data reliability.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.109-118
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• 2023

Cardiac arrest is a critical medical emergency where immediate response is essential for patient survival. This is especially true for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA), for which the actions of emergency medical services in the early stages significantly impact outcomes. However, in Korea, a challenge arises due to a shortage of dispatcher who handle a large volume of emergency calls. In such situations, the implementation of a machine learning-based OHCA detection program can assist responders and improve patient survival rates. In this study, we address this challenge by developing a machine learning-based OHCA detection program. This program analyzes transcripts of conversations between responders and callers to identify instances of cardiac arrest. The proposed model includes an automatic transcription module for these conversations, a text-based cardiac arrest detection model, and the necessary server and client components for program deployment. Importantly, The experimental results demonstrate the model's effectiveness, achieving a performance score of 79.49% based on the F1 metric and reducing the time needed for cardiac arrest detection by 15 seconds compared to dispatcher. Despite working with a limited dataset, this research highlights the potential of a cardiac arrest detection program as a valuable tool for responders, ultimately enhancing cardiac arrest survival rates.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 2023

In order to create an organizational culture that prevents women's career breaks and promotes economic activities, this study aimed at developing educational content for workplace culture improvement for both male and female workers working at small and medium-sized enterprises in Jeollanam-do. The core content composition and content design specifically consider the characteristics of Jeollanam-do based on an advisory meeting of the field experts and researchers to ensure the on-site utilization of the content and the validity and consistency of the teaching content. The educational content is divided into three areas: understanding, effectiveness, and the implementation of a gender-sensitive work-life balance organizational culture. The aim of the content is for all employees to understand the meaning of work-life balance and to improve the organizational culture of their company from the perspective of individuals, families, companies, and society. In particular, the intention was to personally identify and implement measures to improve a gender-equal work-life balance, not only at work, but also with regard to domestic labor and leisure time. Furthermore, the content is presented from a gender-sensitive perspective that encompasses diversity, systems, and programs targeting women, men, single people, married people, young people, the elderly, and people with disabilities - all these groups are explained as examples. The content emphasizes that we should all actively participate in improving the organizational culture of our companies. In addition, the Women's New Work Center should seek ways to increase the motivation for the voluntary participation by companies and strengthen the expertise of instructors in work-life balance education.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.123-143
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• 2024

In this study, we analyzed the trends in staffing changes in academic libraries over the past ten years and surveyed staff working there to assess their perceptions of staffing levels and the current criteria for staffing allocation in academic libraries. We utilized statistical data from academic libraries to analyze staffing changes from 2014 to 2023. The survey was conducted through an online questionnaire targeting library staff, and responses from 216 respondents from 4-year universities and junior colleges were analyzed. The analysis of staffing changes revealed a decrease in the average number of employees in large 4-year universities and junior colleges, with a decrease in regular positions and an increase in non-regular positions. Survey results suggest causes such as declining school-age population and admissions quotas, budget shortages in universities, and structural adjustments. The perception of staff from 4-year universities and junior colleges regarding the criteria for staffing allocation was mainly negative, suggesting improvements such as increasing and refining criteria numbers, specifying standards for full-time librarians, clarifying criteria for compliance, and enhancing enforcement of standards. The results of this study can enhance understanding of staffing situations in academic libraries and serve as fundamental data for improving staffing criteria in the future, based on an understanding of librarians' perceptions on the ground.