• 아동학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.269-284
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• 2007

A sample of 654 elementary school children(330 boys and 324 girls) and their mothers responded to three questionnaires regarding mother's job satisfaction and parenting behavior and children's problem behavior. Results showed that working mothers perceived themselves as more permissive/neglecting compared with non-working mothers. Children of working mothers perceived themselves as hyperactive, anxious, withdrawn, aggressive, and immature. Parenting of working mothers with higher job satisfaction was more warm/accepting; their daughters perceived themselves as less anxious, withdrawn, and immature than children of mothers with lower job satisfaction. Children of rejecting/restrictive working mothers, especially girls, reported hyperactive, withdrawn, aggressive, and immature behaviors. Children of permissive/neglecting working mothers were immature. Warm/accepting parenting of working mothers played mediating roles between their job satisfaction and maturity of their daughters' behavior.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.421-441
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• 2014

This study investigates the influence of policy-related factors on the intention to keep working among mothers with children under 12 years old, especially focusing on the differences between the mothers with preschool children and elementary school children. The study also considers the individual, family, job characteristics of mothers with children, in order to draw the specific impact of policy factors. Data was collected through e-mails from 500 working mothers living in urban area, and 489 interview data were finally utilized in analyses. The results of analyses show that the level of awareness on work-family balancing policy significantly influences on the intention to keep working among mothers with preschool children. On the contrary, there is no statistically significant policy-related factors influencing on the intention to keep working among mothers with elementary school children. Both studies and social polices excessively focused on the mothers with preschool children in terms of work-family balancing issues. Working mothers with elementary school children have not been spot-lighted as beneficiaries from social policy, even though elementary school children also should be cared by others after school. Effective social services assisting work-family balance among mothers with preschool children should be more developed.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to identify parental stress of working mothers with young children and to fine its rented variables. subjects were consisted of 108 working mothers who had children from 3 to 6 ages. The measurement instruments are the questionnaire which consisting the following parts; Parenting Daily Hassles, Employment Subjective Expected Utility, Beck Depression Inventory, Emotionality, Activity, Sociablity Temperament Scale. The data were analyzed by the statistical method based on frequency, percentile, t-test, F-test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. The main results were as follows: 1. Parental stress of working mother had a significant correlation with working mothers' negative attitudes for their occupations. 2. The higher working mothers' depression resulted in the higher working parental stress. 3. There was a significant positive correlation between children's difficult temperament and parental stress of working mothers. 4. The influential variables on parental stress of working mothers were mothers' attitude to her occupations and children's temperament.

• 아동학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.15-35
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate parenting stress changes in both continuous working and continuous non-working mothers after the birth of their first child and their relationships with the cognitive variables about child-rearing, using the 3rd Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC) by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education(KICCE). The results revealed that the parenting stress of the non-working mothers was higher than the stress experienced by the working mothers. The increase in stress was only found both groups between the second year and the third year of childbirth. The total explanatory power of the knowledge, values and expectations regarding their children saw stress increase for the working mothers, but saw it decrease for the non-working mothers. Finally, the emotional value surrounding parenthood was the most powerful variable for both groups, with the exception of the non-working mothers' stress, as experienced in the first year.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2020

This study examined the relationship between ambivalence of Korean working mothers for children and their future desire for child birth. This study examined multiple-role efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between ambivalence for their children and future desire for child birth by Korean working mothers having more than one pre-school aged child. This study examined the mediation effect of multiple-role efficacy on the relationship between ambivalence and desire for child birth by working mothers. On-line and off-line survey data from 291 Korean working mothers with more than one pre-school aged child was used for this study. Collected data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 program and descriptive statistics analyses. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping were conducted by AMOS 20.0 program. Results showed that ambivalence for children of working mothers having pre-school aged children had no direct influence on future child birth desire. However, their ambivalence had an indirect influence on future child birth desire through multiple-role efficacy and multiple-role efficacy by working mothers had significant effect on child birth desire. In conclusion, the working mothers' multiple-role efficacy had a mediation influence on the relationship between ambivalence for children and desire of child birth. These results were discussed for designing a policy to counter low birth.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

This study surveyed the perception and demand for the child care policy and child care service of working mothers with children under age 6. The subjects were 266 working mothers in Seoul and Kyoung-Gi Province. Data were collected with the questionnaire method and analyzed by spss-win program, including median, mode, mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The result of this study can be summarized as follows. (1) The working mothers considered both parents have the responsibility on child care and strongly demanded the national support on child care. (2) The working mothers prefered own mother and relatives to child care center as a carer of infants and toddlers, but prefered child care center for children age 3-5. (3) The working mothers demanded the increase of finantial support for family and child care center. (4) The working mothers focused on 'the security and care Program' and focused next on 'diet and health care program' in child care service. (5) The working mothers did not nearly know about the accreditation system of child care centers. This results suggest that the national and social support for child care service is an essential part in promoting children's and the working mothers' welfare.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.419-431
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• 2013

This study examined the childcare use pattern of the working mothers with preschool children and the factors affecting their use of multiple childcare. The 7th wave data of "Korea Welfare Panel Study" were analyzed for this study. The working mothers with preschool children were selected from the data set and a total of 292 working mothers were included in the analysis. More than 70% of the working mothers were using only one kind of childcare, mostly childcare center and kindergarten and 22.5% of the mothers were using more than two of childcare arrangements. Child factors, maternal factors, household factors, and economic factors were included in the hierarchical logistic regression model in the presented order to predict the use of multiple childcare. The results showed that the child's age and maternal education were positively related to the use of multiple childcare, while whether both parents live with the child, number of children within household, and the poverty status were negatively related to the use of it. Based on these results, we can confer that the main motive for multiple childcare use is to provide various experiences for their children.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.297-310
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• 2021

This study examined the social wellbeing of working mothers of preschool children with the aim of identifying relationships between social wellbeing and influencing factors, focusing on the individual, relationship, and work environment of the mothers. Data on 390 working mothers were used for this study. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program and descriptive statistics. Pearson's correlation analyses and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. The results show that social wellbeing has significantly positive correlations with education, monthly household income, number of children, age of the first child(8 and over), social capital for childcare, division of childcare, maternal role values, spouse's beliefs about paternal parenting involvement, and family-supportive work environment, as well as significantly negative correlations with weekly working hours, sociological ambivalence, spouse's beliefs about father's breadwinner role and gender-role values, job overload, and gender-role attitudes of coworkers. In addition, hierarchical regression revealed that spouse's beliefs about paternal parenting involvement and a family-supportive work environment were significantly positive predictors of working mothers'social wellbeing, whereas working mothers'sociological ambivalence toward their roles, job overload, and gender-role attitudes of coworkers were significantly negative predictors of working mothers'social wellbeing. These results point to ways of changing education and policy to improve the social wellbeing of working mothers.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 초등학생 자녀를 둔 취업모와 전업모의 양육불안에 대해 알아보고, 이를 지원할 방안을 모색하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구참여자는 모두 초등학생 자녀를 둔 어머니 20명이었다. 자료수집은 2017년 6월 23일부터 2017년 7월 8일까지 이루어졌다. 집단심층면담을 활용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 취업모가 느끼는 양육불안은 '아이에 대한 미안함', '학부모 역할에 대한 부담감', '돌봄에 대한 어려움'으로, 전업모가 느끼는 양육불안은 '독박육아의 어려움', '남편과의 역할 분담 필요', '재취업과 경력단절의 문제'로 제시하였다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 취업모와 전업모의 초등학생 자녀에 대한 양육부담을 경감시켜야 한다. 둘째, 초등학생 자녀를 둔 취업모들을 위한 실질적인 지원방안이 필요하다. 셋째, 초등학생 자녀를 둔 전업모들을 위한 실질적인 지원방안이 필요하다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 1986

The present study investigated the current child care practices of professional working mothers in Korea and their needs for substitute child care outside the home. Three hundred twenty-two professional working mothers who have children under 6 years of age in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, and Taejon were surveyed with the use of a questionnaire. It was found that during their working hours, most of the professional working mothers put their children in the care of either the paternal or the maternal grandmothers. Others put the children in the care of a full-time housekeeper or a part-time housekeeper. While all the mothers had worked out a way to care for their children, almost all of them would use day care if facilities were available. Specifically, 42 per cent prefer child care at their work site, 21 per cent prefer family day care, and only 3 per cent indicated that they would not use any child care facilities. Most of the working mothers think that their employer should manage the day care program. Others prefer social agency or government management. Regarding costs, most prefer that costs should be split 50-50 between the employer and the family. In addition, professional working mothers wanted quality programs with educational components rather than mere custodial care. It was concluded that variety in types of quality child care programs should be available to provide working mothers the options of choosing what they want for their children. The main type of programs suggested by this study is work site based child care for children under 3 years of age. The existing law for the Saemaul Nursery School program should be implemented so as to include programs for children under 3.