• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.17.1-17.6
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• 2023

The current 52-hour workweek in South Korea consists of 40 hours of regular work and 12 hours of overtime. Although the average working hours in South Korea is declining, it is still 199 hours longer than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average of 1,716 hours per year. In view to this, the South Korean government has now proposed to reform the workweek, mainly intending to increase the workweek to 69 hours when the workload is heavy. This reform, by increasing the labor intensity due to long working hours, goes against the global trend of reducing work hours for a safe and healthy working environment. Long working hours can lead to increased cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, industrial accidents, mental health problems, and safety accidents due to lack of concentration. In conclusion, the Korean government's working hour reform plan can have a negative impact on workers' health, and therefore it should be thoroughly reviewed and modified.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether employed mothers' extended working hours have effects on childcare style and work-family conflicts. The data came from the 2007 Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family(KLoWF) of the Korean Women's Development Institute. 475 females with preschoolers or elementary-school children were used in this study. The major findings can be summarized as follows: (1) Weekly average working hours varied by education, salary, and the presence of preschoolers. (2) The time of childcare was significantly shorter in mothers who work more than 50 hours/week (3) Mothers who worked more than 50 hours/week felt significantly high work-family conflict. These analyses pointed to the importance of obeying the law related to working hours as the most important thing to sustain work-family balance. Institutional foundations should be enabled to keep legal working hours.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.488-499
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• 1996

A propeller type mistblower was designed and manufactured. The machine consisted of a 770 millimeters diameter propeller driven by the power take off of a tractor. It delivered 26,400 cubic meters of air per hour and has the outlet speed about 180 kilometers per hour. Spray liquid was injected at 30 bars pressure through hollow cone type nozzles which were located around the air outlet of the machine bya poston type pump. Power consumption of the machine was found to be 12.46 kilowatts and the effective forward travel speed was about 2.7 kilometers per hour. Upon spraying mango trees, it was shown that the density of spray partices was about 100 microns and consumed 3.12 liters per tree. Working speed in 6 meters row spacing mango orchard was about one hectare per hour.

• 건축사
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• 통권648호
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• pp.119-121
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• 2023

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle pains of emotional laborers and determine whether there were differences in their muscle pains depending on the hours spent on emotional labor. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the data collected from the 3rd (2011) Korean Working Conditions Survey. 50,032 participants responded to the study's questionnaire. Among them, 15,669 participants were emotional laborers who directly dealt with people such as customers, passengers, pupils, patients, etc. Results: Thirty three percent of subjects had reported muscle pains. Muscle pains of subjects were positively related to the hours spent on emotional labor (p<.001). According to the logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odd ratio of the subjects who spent about almost all of the work hours on emotional labor was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.15~1.52), compared to the subjects who spent about a quarter of their work hours on emotional labor, when other factors were controlled. Conclusion: The study's findings indicate that engaging in emotional labor for longer hours increases the risks of muscle pains. Occupational nurses must pay closer attention to the management of muscle pains of emotional laborers.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to understand the client relationship experience of the physical therapists working at elderly care facilities and to lay the foundation for finding the identity of physical therapists. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted on eight incumbent physical therapists who had experienced working in elderly care facilities for at least one year. Data collection was conducted between June and September 2017, and the interview took an hour to an hour and a half to complete. After an in-depth interview, it was arranged as a file and analyzed according to the four steps of the phenomenological research method of the Giorgi. Results: Data were collected and analyzed; 19 categories, 6 themes and 5 domains were derived. Six themes were presented according to the 5 domains; the subject of relationships included 'diversity elderly'; context of relationships included 'the world of elderly nursing homes I did not know'; influence of relationships included 'the physical therapist is heartbroken because of the tormenting elderly'; condition of relationships included 'a reality that is tied to work'; aspects of relationships included 'how to reestablishing relationships with the elderly' and 'recognized and identified as a physical therapist'. Conclusion: This study shows that physical therapists working in elderly care facilities generally tend to fulfill their responsibilities and interact with clients; we found that identity of physical therapists was primarily defined by relationship experiences with patients.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.512-518
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 수원과 밀양에서 이앙과 직파재배를 실시하였고 벼의 생육상태와 수량성을 평가하였고 토지 및 노동생산성을 비교하였다. 이앙재배에 비하여 파종작업이 36일이나 늦었던 직파재배는 모든 생육단계가 조금씩 지연되었고 특히 냉해가 심하였던 수원지방에서 출수는 약15일이나 늦어졌다. 직파재배의 현미수량은 이앙재배보다 8.2%(수원)와 0.11%(밀 양)씩 감소되었으나 소요 영농시간은 34%(수원), 54%(밀양)씩 적어졌고, 10a당 쌀 생산비는 19%(수원), 29%(밀양)절감되었다. 시간당 쌀 생산량(노동생산성)은 이앙재배에 비하여 직파경우 37%(수원), 113%(밀양)증가되었다. 따라서 직파재배가 이앙보다 단위면적당 쌀의 수량은 약간 감소되는 편이었지만 영농시간과 투입비용을 크게 감소시켰다. 아울러 단위량의 쌀을 생산할 경우에도 직파가 생산비와 영농시간을 절감시켜 효율적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 직파재배법는, 온도조건이 유리한 남부지역이 중부지역보다 적합하였고 수량의 감소를 줄이려면 저온에서 발아가 빠른 품종을 선택하여야 할것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1996

노동력부족이 심화되는 농촌현실에서 이앙을 하지 않는 벼직파재배가 점차 확대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 건답과 담수직파재배를 실시하고 기존의 이앙재배와 수량성, 노동생산성 및 수익성을 비교하여 영농노력을 절감하고 경영비용을 저하시킬 수 있는 가능성을 검토하여 직파의 적부를 평가하였다. 다수성을 진속하면서 경영을 개선하기 위하여 농용자재의 적정투입과 생력화로서 영농노력을 절감하고 경영비용을 저하시켜 벼농사의 경영채산성을 확립 하고자 하였다. 직파재배는 무효분얼이 많이 발생하여 유효경비율이 50％에 불과하였고 출수기는 약 9일이 지연되었으나 현미수량은 이앙과 차이가 없이 455kg/10a(건답), 480kg/10a(담수)을 생산하였다. 노동시간투입은 이앙에 비하여 17％(건답), 28％(담수)씩 감소시켰고 생산비소요는 20％(건답), 32％(담수)를 절감하였고 농용에너지 투입은 건답은 약 5％ 감소시켰으나 담수는 3％ 증가되었다. 담수재배가 건답보다 생력화와 생산성에서 보다 효과적이었다. 직파재배는 본답기간이 연장되어 비료와 제초제의 증시가 필요하였고 앞으로 이들 보조에너지들의 절감과 효율성을 높이는 기술이 개발되어야 하겠다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.63-89
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• 1988

This paper examines the relationship between working women's health status and working environment. The result of this study is that working women's health is effected on their working environment. The data used in the present study was collected from 7,091 organized women worker by survey conducted in 1987. The independent variables chosen for analysis were job classification, working condition, women workers' characteristics, job satisfaction and health management. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows; First, technical experts had higher health status than other jobs. Manufacturizing workers had lower health status than other jobs. Second, the women who were 20-24 years old, not married and started working at 19 and less year and worked during 3-5 years had lower health status than others. Third, the women who worked bad condition were not healthy. It was bad working condition that working hour was 11-12 per day and did not have holiday and monthly wage was 100,000-200,000 won. Fourth, the women who satisfied the job had higher health status than the women who dissatisfied the job. Fifth, it showed high health status that the women worked the place where health was well managed.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2006

This study investigated the general trends and differences in the working life of overseas Korean women. The subjects were 872 working Korean women over 20 years of age living abroad in America, China, and Russia Central Asia. The subjects completed a questionnaire on working life and the data were analyzed using SPSS. The working environment of Korean-American women was not stable. Many Korean-American women worked to help the home economy. They were paid by the hour, day and week. On the other hand, many Korean-Chinese women worked for self-achievement and usually for 8 hours a day. The working life of Korean women in Russia Central Asia was not good. They had a small income and worked to help the home economy. The first variables for changing their occupation were income and bonus. Despite their unstable working environment, overseas Korean women estimated their working life positively. They rated scores higher than the median on job satisfaction, business importance, duty ability, duty adaptation and family support. Job stress showed lower scores than the median. Korean women in Russia Central Asia showed lower scores on job satisfaction, family support, and work time flexibility than the other two groups.