• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제76권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 1987

임도시공예정지(林道施工豫定地)의 천공폭파에 따른 작업량(作業量)과 사업비(事業費)의 간이예측방법을 탐구하여 임도설계(林道設計)의 일반지침(一般指針)으로 활용하도록 하였다. 양양군 현남면 일대의 화강편마암지대에서 임도 5 km를 11개(個) 싸이클로 구분하여 20 m 측점단위별 산지경사를 조사하고 각 싸이클별 작업시간(作業時間) 재료량(材料量) 및 인력(人力)을 조사(調査)하였다. 분석결과(分析結果)에 의하면 산지경사(山地傾斜) 70% 이상(以上)인 사면(斜面)의 출현비율(出現比率)과 천공작업길이와의 상관성이 높아 이를 지표(指標)로 하여 작업량(作業量)을 추정(推定)하였다. 천공길이 총량을 추정할 수 있으면 공기압축기 가동시간(稼動時間) 착암인부수(人夫數) 및 소요(所要)화약량은 높은 상관성을 가지고 예측할 수 있다. 분석된 조사결과(調査結果)를 기초자료로 하여 산지경사(山地傾斜)에 따른 착암량과 이에 소요되는 기계 인력 및 재료량 추정치를 표(表) 5 와 같이 제시를 한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.15-30
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• 1989

This study deals with the following problems about leisure activity of young people and leisure guidance of mothers, (1) Leisure activity of children by the independent variables, (2) Leisure guidance of mothers by the independent variables. (3) The relation between leisure guidance of mothers and leisure activity of young people. This research used the questionaire survey. The subjects were 830 couples of mother and pupil (pupils of 4, 5 and t grades in six primary school in Kwang-Ju city). The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, t, F-test, X2. The results of this study are summarized as follows; (1) Boys and girls average leisure hours: week days…2 hour, saturday…3 hours, Sunday and holiday…4.5 hours, the school vacation…6.2 hours. And leisure activity showed the significant difference in sex, age, educational level, family form (p 0.001, p 0.05, p 0.010). Generally, they had social & amusing leisure activity. And a hindrance cause of leisure activ ty is due to hard working in learning practice. (2) The necessity of leisure activity showed higher in the aged mother and high educated mother, lower in the poor family. And guidance content showed the significant difference in sex of children(p 0.001), educational level of parents(p 0.05). Actually mothers wanted intellectual leisure activity. (3) The relation between the leisure activity pattern desired by leisure activity of mothers and children pattern showed that mothers demanded the various patterns, but children wanted social & amusing leisure activities mainly. Only children's patterns agreed with mothers in the artistic, intellectual, activities on Saturday and during the vacation. And the relation between mothers satisfaction degree in the leisure activity of children and children's satisfaction degree showed the significant difference (p 0.05). Children's satisfaction degree is high, irrespective of mothers satisfaction degree.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of an education program on inter-rater agreement of Neonatal/Infant Braden Q Scale for clinical nurses working at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: This was single-arm pre and post experimental study. The participants were 12 nurses and 128 hospitalized neonates at a NICU from December, 2012 to March, 2013. Twelve nurses were divided into four different groups; for two groups were assigned nurses with 3 to 5 years of clinical experiences, and for the others with less than 1 year of clinical experience. The interventions were given by one wound ostomy specialist and two NICU nurses with over 5 years of clinical experiences for 1 hour twice. The inter-rater agreement was measured by intraclass-correlation coefficient. Results: Overall inter-rater agreement was improved from .87(95% CI: .80~.92) at the pre-test to .94(.91~.96) at post-test. Each inter-rater agreement except moisture and nutrition was also improved. Conclusion: The developed education program on scoring for Neonatal/Infant Braden Q scale was effective to improve the inter-rater agreement among clinical nurses. We suggest to privide an education for NICU nurse before using the Neonatal/Infant Braden Q scale in clinical settings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.6105-6109
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for colorectal cancer in the Thai population. Materials and Methods: A cohort study was carried out in Khon Kaen, Thailand, including 71 cases of histologically confirmed CRC patients among 19,861 participants, aged 30-69 years, who were recruited for a cohort study during the period 1990-2001. Participants were followed-up until 31 December, 2013. To identify factors associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer, hazard ratios were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: No environmental variables could be shown to be significantly related to the risk of CRC. Although in our sample, CRC was more prevalent among males, ex-smokers, and those who drank alcohol beverages ${\geq}50gram/day$, but we could not demonstrate significantly associations (HRmale= 1.67, 95% CI, 0.80-3.49, HR ex-smokers = 1.34, 95% CI, 0.52-3.46, and HRalc ${\geq}50=1.08$, 95% CI, 0.43-2.71). Individuals within the sample with a family history of cancer, working hour >8 hours per day, and current-smokers appeared to have decrease risk of CRC, but again these relationship could not be shown to be significantly associated (HRfam cancer= 0.96, 95% CI, 0.85-1.09, HRwork>8= 0.84, 95% CI, 0.36-1.93, and HRcurrent-smoker = 0.51, 95% CI, 0.18-1.38). Conclusions: We found no evidence of environmental factors effecting the risk of CRC. There is a need for further research to determine why factors identified risk in other populations appear to not be associated with CRC risk in Thais.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2000

Low back pain is generally defined as a complex symptom rather than a specific diseases entity, especially when musculoskeletal lesions of the low back, neurogenic, vasculogenic and discogenic lesions are present. Sixty to eighty percent of all human being have experienced low back pain once or more times during in their lifetime. Low back pain is a one of the commonest cause of physical impairment and induces disability the activities of everyday living or the activities of work. Today, low back pain plays important part for the loss of working capability from social, industrial field and individual daily life. But there are no study about incidence and prevention program of low back pain in rural peoples. This study was conducted to find out current status and characteristics related to low back pain in rural peoples(especially engaged in agriculture), so that could provide basic data to establish prevention program for them. The data were gathered from 301 rural adults(female 62.1%, male 37.9%) with low back pain by the structured interview in the 4 communities(south and north Gyeong-sang Do and Chung-cheong Do), and sampled at local hospital, local clinic, and health clinic center in May, 2000. The results were as followed. About one third of cases(35.5%) were aged from 60 to 69, 34.6% were smoker, and 91.4% not used to regular exercise. Low back pain frequently due to intervertebral articulopathy(42.5%), follewed by herniated intervertebral disk(19.9%), sprain(17.3%), vertebral dislocation(4.0%), and etc(16.2%). Above half of cases(56.5%) were a eight-hour workday, and 61.8% complained of low back pain during work. Mostly, period of agricultural experience was more than 20 years, and cultivated more than 2 crops. Low back pain is common to rural adults, therefore adequate resting time from work and lumbar strengthening exercise program needed to prevent low back pain in rural peoples.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

Production of weakly agglomerated nanopowders with the characteristic size of about 10 nm and a narrow particle size distribution is still a topical problem especially if the matter is an acceptable output (>50 g/hour), a high purity of the final product, and a low (energy consumption. The available experience and literature data show that the most promising approach to production of such powders is the evaporation-condensation method, which has a set of means for heating of the target. From this viewpoint the use of pulsed electron accelerators for production of nanopowders is preferable since they allow a relatively simple adjustment of the energy, the pulse length, and the pulse repetition rate. The use of a pulsed electron accelerator provides the following opportunities: a high-purity product; only the target and the working gas will interact and their purity can be controlled; evaporation products will be removed from the irradiation zone between pulses; as a result, the electron energy will be used more efficiently; adjustment of the particle size distribution and the characteristic size of particles by changing the pulse energy and the irradiated area. Considering the obtained results, we developed a design and made an installation for production of nanopowders, which is based on a hollow-cathode pulsed gas-filled diode. The use of a hollow-cathode gas-filled diode allows producing and utilizing an electron beam in a single chamber. The emission modulation in the hollow cathode will allow forming an electron beam 5 to 100 ms long. This will ensure an exact selection of the beam energy. By now we have completed the design work, manufactured units, equipped the installation, and began putting the installation into operation. A small amount of nanopowders has been produced.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2005

This study was conducted to solve the problem of crawled spinach harvesting that had been mainly done by manpower on the outdoor fields during the winter season. Moreover, there are not enough workers available for farming at most of rural areas in Korea because farming is getting hard and the number of old-aged workers is increasing. In order to find appropriate methods of digging, picking and collecting of spinach, the tests were examined outdoors. A prototype was designed based on the results of the tests and then fabricated for digging, picking-up and then collecting in continuous operation for harvesting spinach planted in the outdoor fields. In the field test with the prototype, the vibration intensity transmitted to the driver by vibrating blade was low while the vibrating blade reduced digging power by $46\%$ compared to that of the fixed blade. The spinach loss was found to be as low as $0.7\%$ in the condition of digging depth of 40 mm, cam rotational velocity of 748 rpm, and blade amplitude of 16.5 m. The working performance of the prototype spinach harvester was found to be 3.8 hour/10a resulting in $96\%$ of labor saving and $85\%$ of operating cost compared to the conventional manual harvesting.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.368-378
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• 2015

본 연구는 화물운송업 종사자들의 고용형태에 따른 직업만족도 차이를 분석함이 목적이다. 본 연구는 설문항목에 대한 신뢰성 타당성 검토를 위해 신뢰성 분석과 요인분석을 실시하였다. 또한 화물자동차운송업 종사자들의 고용형태에 따른 직업만족도 차이를 살펴보기 위해 다변량 분산분석을 실시하였다. 신뢰성 분석과 요인분석 결과 설문항목들은 신뢰성과 타당성을 확보한 것으로 나타났다. 다변량 분산분석 결과 비정규직과 특수형태근로 간 직업만족도 차이는 전체 항목에서 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 정규직과 비정규직 간 직업만족도 차이를 분석한 결과, 보수/소득, 업무시간, 작업조건, 복리후생, 직장안정성 항목에서 정규직의 만족도가 비정규직에 비해 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 정규직과 특수형태근로 간 직업만족도 차이를 분석한 결과 보수/소득, 업무시간, 복리후생, 건강을 돌볼 여유 항목에서 정규직의 만족도가 특수형태근로에 비해 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2008

광미적치장 수문 분석은 강우에 의한 유출량 합과 배수처리량을 단순 비교하는 댐과 달리 지하 배수시설 뿐만 아니라 지상배수시설과 비상배수시설 등 여러 종류의 배수처리 시설이 복합적으로 운영되기 때문에 유출량과 배수량을 시공간적으로 비교하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같이 다단계 배수시설로 구성된 구 상동광산의 신광미적치장의 배수처리 능력을 GIS 기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 배수시설이 정상 작동할 경우 100년 빈도 시간 확률강우량인 80.31 mm/hr의 강우강도로 1시간 동안 비가 내리더라도 범람의 위험성은 없는 것으로 예측되었다. 그러나 모든 배수시설이 작동하지 않는다면 총 강우량이 251.1 mm에 도달할 때 광미댐은 범람의 위험성이 있는 것으로 예측되었다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2005

주40시간제가 도입되면서 피크닉을 즐기는 세대가 늘어나고 있는 실정이다. 또한 가스에 의한 사고는 토요일과 일요일에 가장 많이 발생하고 있다. 2004년 10월 현재 부탄 캔으로 인한 사고는 전년 동기대비 인명피해가 1.5배로 늘어났다. 본 논문에서는 사용하고 버려지는 부탄 캔의 파열로 인한 과압의 영향에 대하여 Hopkinson의 삼승근법을 이용하여 계산하고,폭발장소 주변의 건축물과 인간에게 미치는 영향을 Probit 모델에 적용하여 피해예측을 평가하였다. Probit 모델에 적용하여 계산하면 50m 이격된 건물에는 손상여부 가능성이 전혀 없는 0$\%$로 나타났으며, 인간에게 미치는 영향은 l0m 이격되면 피해영향이 전혀 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 논문에서는 폭발효율을 $100\%$적용하여 계산하였다. 따라서 부탄 캔 파열로 인한 실제적인 피해영향은 본 연구에서 계산된 수치보다 더욱더 안전할 것으로 판단된다.