• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.5 s.91
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• pp.89-108
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• 2006

Korea has been entering the ageing society as the population of age over 65 shared over 7% since the year 2000. The ageing society needs to have transportation facility considering elderly people's travel behavior. This study aims to understand the elderly people's travel behavior using recent data in Korea. The activity schedule approach begins with travel outcomes are part of an activitv scheduling decision. For tho?e approach. used discrete choice models (especially. Nested Logit Model) to address the basic modeling problem capturing decision interaction among the many choice dimensions of the immense activity schedule choice set The day activity schedule is viewed as a sot of tours and at-home activity episodes tied togather with overarching day activity pattern using the Seoul Metropolitan Area Transportation Survey data, which was conducted in June, 2002. Decisions about a specific tour in the schedule are conditioned by the choice of day activity pattern. The day activity scheduling model estimated in this study consists of tours interrelated in a day activity pattern. The day activity pattern model represents the basic decision of activity participation and priorities and places each activity in a configuration of tours and at-home episodes. Each pattern alternative is defined by the primary activity of the day, whether the primary activity occurs at home or away, and the type of tour for the primary activity. In travel mode choice of the elderly and non-workers, especially, travel cost was found to be important in understanding interpersonal variations in mode choice behavior though, travel time was found to be less important factor in choosing travel mode. In addition, although, generally, the elderly was likely to choose transit mode, private mode was preferred for the elderly over 75 years old owing to weakened physical health for such things as going up and down of stairs. Therefore. as entering the ageing society, transit mode should be invested heavily in transportation facility Planning tor improving elderly transportation service. Although the model has not yet been validated in before-and-after prediction studies. this study gives strong evidence of its behavioral soundness, current practicality. and potential for improving reliability of transportation Projects superior to those of the best existing systems in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.371-393
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• 2013

The objective of this article is to compare the characteristics and the origin of Welfare State in Korea and France. This study also finds out the causes of underdevelopment of Welfare State in Korea. In the third Republic of France, the first Industrial Accident Compensation Law was legislated in 1898. The discussion of the project of Law commenced in 1880. The Parliamentary Debate on the legislation of the Law had continued for 18 years. The leaders of the debate was the group of progressive Republicans(Radicals) in the French Parliament. In Korea, it was also in the period of the third Repulic, the President and several members of the Supreme Committee of National Reconstruction (Guk-Ga-Jai-Gun-Choi-Go-Ho-Eui), the authoritative military government who enacted and developed the Social Insurance Law of Industrial Accident Compensation, the first Law of Welfare State in Korea. However, Korea and France show more differences than similarities in the terms of the origin of the Welfare State. The motivations and goals of social policies of the two countries were quite different at the beginning stage. In France, the progressive Republicans of Parliament made welfare state policies in order to maintain the politico-social hegemony and social peace by provision of economic supports to workers. In Korea, the group of military officers had begun the welfare legislation in order to win the general election and obtain political power in 1963. Comparison on the origins of the welfare states in the two countries shows similarities as well as differences in terms of the role of actors. In France, the state and the owners of big enterprises had agreed and played positive roles in the legislation of the welfare state policies. However, the owners of small companies, merchants and farmers had played negative roles. Like the French case, Korean government and owners of big enterprises had played positive roles. The state as a major actor of the legislation of the social insurance programs in the two countries are slightly different. In Korea, the owners of small companies had played negative roles in making of medical insurance programs in 1976. Comparison of the current state of two welfare states shows substantial differences in terms of the development of the welfare state. What is the reason for such differences? Why does Korean Welfare State underdevelop? Historically, the developmentalism as an major ideology of the third Republic of Korea has continually influenced the underdevelopment of the Welfare State. It implies that Koreans have to invent a new ideology of Welfare State which can replace the developmentalism and support the development of Welfare State in the future. Without such a new ideology, it is very difficult to develop an european style welfare state in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.212-228
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• 2013

Stone cultural heritages are repaired by the use of metal stiffeners. The problem is that this type of repair has been based on the experience of workers without specific guidelines and has caused various problems. This is to suggest the structural reinforcement and behavioral characteristics of metal rods to minimize the secondary damage of materials and have the specimens tested and verified to establish the guidelines on how to insert metal stiffeners. When only epoxy resin is applied to the cut surface, only 70% of the properties of the parent material are regenerated and it is required to structurally reinforce the metal stiffener for the remaining 30%. The metal rod is under the structural behavior after the brittle failure of stone material and the structural behavior does not occur when the metal stiffener is below 0.251%. When it accounts for over 0.5%, it achieves structural reinforcement, but causes secondary damage of parent materials. The appropriate ratio of metal stiffener for the stone material with the strength of $1,500kgf/cm^2$, therefore, should be between 0.283% and 0.377% of the cross section of attached surface to achieve reversible fracture and ductility behavior. In addition, it is more effective to position the stiffeners at close intervals to achieve the peak stress of metal rod against bending load and inserting the stiffener into the upper secions is not structurally supportive, but would rather cause damage of the parent material. Thus, most stiffeners should be inserted into the lower part and some into the central part to work as a stable tensile material under the load stress. The dispersion effect of metal rods was influenced by the area of reinforcing rods and unrelated to their diameter. However, it ensures stability under the load stress to increase the number of stiffeners considering the cross section adhered when working on large-scale structures. The development length is engineered based upon the diameter of stiffener using the following formula: $l_d=\frac{a_tf_y}{u{\Sigma}_0}$. Also, helically-threaded reinforcing rods should be used to perform the behaviors as a structural material.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.159-212
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• 2018

This paper is focused on analyzing the social environment of a rapidly changing on Vietnamese company. The key analysis of this study is on the change of perception in Vietnam and the regional difference of CSR acception. The social acceptance research of CSR is centered on the comparative analysis of Korean, Japanese and Chinese companies Social Activities in Vietnam. In addition, This paper seek to way of contribute to the sustainable development of Korean companies, and its harmonious cooperation with Vietnamese society through reviewing the CSR activities and direction of their CSR expectation. In the paper, linkage analysis was conducted with the results of the study on CSR value development process in Vietnam society and analysis of social responsibility values obtained from empirical studies. Through this, finally, we trying to search the value of social responsibility in Vietnam and its future directions. When we understand Vietnam's CSR, based on 'locality' of Vietnam, Northern and Southern can be understand on its different backgrounds. And it can be analyzed by their CSR characteristics of acception. As the result of this research, In the North, Foreign companies' CSR is understanded to be viewed from the corporate economic income and distribution. In the South, there is a strong tendency to understand CSR activities of foreign companies as marketing activities. On the whole, In northern Hanoi, there was a strong expectation in terms of 'employment improvement' and 'workers' working conditions'. In the South, there was a greater interest in improving the 'quality of life of residents' and 'consumer protection'. This is due to the influence of the economic system experienced during the process of different colonization, modernization and communization between the two regions. Since the Reform and Opening of Vietnam, Social Awareness of CSR seems that the regional differences were formed by the pace of economic development and the economic environment has played a role. In particular, the social acceptance of CSR values showed a slight difference in recognition between the North and South regions, but as both regions showed common hope for 'intervention in the role of government'. Therefore, Social Awareness of Vietnam's CSR is based on relation of 'government-society' formed from the 'Communitarianism'. As foreign investment flows more, CSR awareness and expectations in Vietnam's society will increase further. And the CSR expectations of local governments and stakeholder will be more complicated. It is time to check the needs of Vietnamese society in relation to locality of the social responsibility activities.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.399-408
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• 2022

There has been much debate on the morphometric divergence between the recently identified Apis cerana koreana and Apis cerana honey bees. The aim of this study was to obtain phenotypic information that can be used to compare A. c. koreana data with other A. cerana subspecies data from open resources and determine breeding results on the basis of morphometric traits. To differentiate A. c. koreana, we investigated 22 classic morphological characteristics; royal jelly secretion; and the weight of workers, queens, and drones of A. c. koreana bred in Korea. To define the selection results, we used the geometric morphometric method. The artificially selected A. c. koreana secreted significantly more royal jelly (1.18 times) than the naturally selected A. c. koreana, which positively influenced the health of the colonies. These honey bees were identified more clearly with the geometric morphometric method than with the classic morphometric method, which is traditionally used to determine the subspecies. Large trends were noted for A. c. koreana on the basis of our results and literature from the 1980s regarding A. cerana sizes in Korea (tarsal index, length of forewing, and cubital index were measured). The cluster analysis revealed the proximity of A. c. koreana, A. cerana in China, and A. c. indica on the basis of eight classic characters, which, perhaps, relay the origin of the honey bees. The results of this study defined the morphometric responses of A. c. koreana honey bees to geographic isolation, climate change, and selection, which are important to identify, protect, and preserve honey bee stock in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.6-22
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• 2022

In this paper classifies the types of 228 anchor stones discharged from the west and south coasts, assumes a combined method by type, routes through discharge locations, and It attempted to estimate the burial site. Prior to classification of types, the weight, thickness, width, and length of the anchor stone were measured, and the largest Young in the tomb The scent weight was classified into I~V groups, and the shape of the anchor stone was classified into 1-6 types. All of these weight and shape correlations It was classified into 17 types. The combined method by type is 180kg or less depending on the morphological characteristics of the reference value of the extracted anchor stone, and the type An anchor of type 1 or 2 is used in combination with an anchor, and a anchor of type 3 or 6 weighs more than 180kg and is combined with an anchor The dragon was assumed to be an anchor. Along with this, the route and burial site are identified through past records and testimony of local residents It was checked against the data. The route was largely consistent with past records, but the new route was apparent in waters near the island or inland It was also drawn. In the case of burial sites, small and large in Taean Mado Sea and Jindo Byeokpajin Sea, where anchor stones are concentrated, Considering the pattern of the type anchor stones being discharged, it was consistent with the testimony that ships of various sizes were mysterious in the two seas. Based on this type classification, a study on the spatiality of the anchors was conducted. First, a comparison and analysis was done on whether actual real data, such as anchor stones, old ships, and relics, were identified on the Joun-ro route and international trade routes as recorded in the past literature. Where there was no record, the route was estimated based on real data. To this end, routes estimated based on the testimony of local residents and modern ship workers were analyzed as to whether ships traveled there in the past and whether they could actually sail. Next, the location of each seedling was estimated by ship size according to the weight of the anchor stone. In the case of the Taean Mado Sea and Jindo Byeokpajin Sea, both small and large anchor stones were discharged from the coastline and were far away.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.37-66
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• 2021

This study aims to provide self-development opportunities to hair salons service workers through e-learning and provide the foundation of sustainable hair salons management by cultivating good talents to hair salons service business executives. In particular, the factors affecting e-learning achievement are identified according to learner characteristics to see whether these factors affect the satisfaction of e-learning learners and also affect the performance of management. The results of the study are summarized as follows. As a result of hypotheses testing on the relationship between e-learning learning environment and e-learning satisfaction, it was found that the higher the level of e-learning content quality is, the higher the satisfaction of e-learning is, the higher the satisfaction of e-learning is, and that the higher the quality level of the support infrastructure is, the higher the satisfaction of e-learning is. The results of the hypotheses testing on the moderating effect of learner factors showed that the influence of the quality of the support infrastructure on the e-learning satisfaction differs according to the level of the learner's goal consciousness. However, it was found that the influence of content quality on e-learning satisfaction according to the level of the learners goal awareness, the influence of content quality on e-learning satisfaction according to the level of the aggressiveness of the learners learning attitude, and the influence of the quality of the support infrastructure on the e-learning satisfaction according to the level of the aggressiveness of learners learning attitude were found to identically demonstrate no moderating effects. The results of hypotheses testing on the relationships among e-Learning performance show that the higher the satisfaction of e-learning was, the higher the customer orientation was, and the higher the satisfaction of e-learning was, the higher the contribution of management performance was, and the higher the customer orientation was, the higher the contribution of management performance was. The implications of this study are as follows. First, the actual path of realiting e-learning performance could be identified that is this study provided organizational decision makers involved in the hair salons service operations with practical guidance for the introduction and expansion of successful educational systems. Second, the e-learning environment derived from the theoretical background is different from the e-learning environment required by the learners.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.657-689
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a substantive theory on 'eating alone'(honbob)and the process of maintaining the lifestyle of eating alone for the need of a non-judgmental understanding on the new 'honbob' lifestyle. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 10 male and female workers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, who voluntarily eat alone over 70% of their meals per week with the minimum duration of 5 years. Data analysis was performed using grounded theory proposed by Strauss & Corbin (1998) in the qualitative research method. As a result, a paradigm model on the process of maintaining 'honbob' was derived. Based on categorical analysis, the causal condition was 'not trying to tune' and the central phenomenon was 'following the desire to set efficiency as the top priority. Contextual conditions were 'the atmosphere of fierce competition', 'weakening of organizational culture', 'diffusion of individualistic culture'. The intervening conditions were 'personal trait and emotional experience', 'job characteristics of less organization culture'. The action/interaction strategies were 'accepting internal conflicts', 'acting in autonomy', 'finding relationship through media', and 'distancing from superficial relationship'. The consequences were 'enjoying time for self-exploration', 'valuing self-care', 'becoming a epicurean conventionalist', and 'becoming aware of the need for balance'. The core category has been shown as 'self-oriented in accordance to priority of efficiency and being able to appreciate the importance of social group'. The Such phenomenon passes through four different stages - first, the stage of weighing time efficiency while beginning hon-bob; second, the stage of conflict when one feels nervous and not free from others' view; third, the stage of adjustment to justify his/her 'hon-bob'; and the final stage of balance to perceive the importance of social group while going on 'honbob'. The study had the aim of increasing the understanding and acceptance of the new 'honbob' lifestyle through an in-depth exploration of office worker's 'honbob' experience and the process of maintaining 'honbob' so the society can better accept it and, further, to embrace co-existence of various cultures.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_2
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• pp.811-825
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• 2023

In accordance with the government's stance of actively promoting intelligent administrative service policies through data utilization, in the disaster and safety management field, it also is proceeding with disaster and safety management policies utilizing data and constructing systems for responding efficiently to new and complex disasters and establishing scientific and systematic safety policies. However, it is difficult to quickly and accurately grasp the on-site situation in the event of a disaster, and there are still limitations in providing information necessary for situation judgment and response only by displaying vast data. This paper focuses on deriving specific needs to make disaster situation management work more intelligent and efficient by utilizing intelligent information technology. Through individual interviews with workers at the Central Disaster and Safety Status Control Center, we investigated the scope of disaster situation management work and the main functions and usability of the geographic information system (GIS)-based integrated situation management system by practitioners in this process. In addition, the data built in the system was reclassified according to purpose and characteristics to check the status of data in the GIS-based integrated situation management system. To derive needed to make disaster situation management more intelligent and efficient by utilizing intelligent information technology, 3 strategies were established to quickly and accurately identify on-site situations, make data-based situation judgments, and support efficient situation management tasks, and implementation tasks were defined and task priorities were determined based on the importance of implementation tasks through analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis. As a result, 24 implementation tasks were derived, and to make situation management efficient, it is analyzed that the use of intelligent information technology is necessary for collecting, analyzing, and managing video and sensor data and tasks that can take a lot of time of be prone to errors when performed by humans, that is, collecting situation-related data and reporting tasks. We have a conclusion that among situation management intelligence strategies, we can perform to develop technologies for strategies being high important score, that is, quickly and accurately identifying on-site situations and efficient situation management work support.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2024

This research explores the household and housing characteristics of young renters aged between 19 and 34 living independently in rental housing of non-Seoul Metropolitan Area (non-SMA) and to determine the factors of their housing affordability and residential environment qualities in two districts of non-SMA - metropolises and non-metropolises. Using the 2020 Korean Housing Survey (KHS), this study identified 1,191 unmarried young renters, and most were single adults in mid-twenties who were salaried workers with a bachelor's degree or higher. Also, many lived in single-room occupancy of non-APT housing for less than 2 years and rarely relied on social services. The findings showed that the distinction of local housing market between metropolises and non-metropolises forced the former to spend more housing expense (tenancy deposit and rental fees) than the latter. With regard to housing affordability indices (Schwabe index, housing expense ratio and rent to income ratio), most were housing cost-burdened and nearly one quarter were severely rent-burdened. The regression analysis indicated that housing affordability in both districts was positively affected by income increase and social services, and housing satisfaction in non-metropolises was added to its determinants. Further, residential environment qualities were largely divided into two groups of livelihood and urban infrastructure, and the two factors influenced residential assessment in both districts. Since young renters interdependently living had suffered with housing affordability, both income growth and housing assistance are critically required to enable them not just to reduce the burden but to ensure livability.