• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2022

This study examines the relationship between flexible work and workers' work-life balance using data from the 23rd Korean Labor and Income Panel Study, with a focus on the impact of working from home (WFH) during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the analysis, WFH was found to have a positive effect on the happiness of workers, satisfaction with family relationships, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction related to job security for women. In addition, we looked at the changes in time use of WFH workers and non-WFH workers before and after COVID-19, with a particular focus on aspects such as time spent sleeping and on self-development, childcare, housework, exercise, and social gatherings. Compared to non-WFH workers, WFH workers increased the time spent on housework and childcare after COVID-19, with this trend more pronounced among women. The results of this study suggest that the effect of utilizing WFH may be halved for workers who have to take care of children and work at the same time, and that this effect may be greater for women. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen social support measures so that WFH workers who face a work-life conflict due to childcare can maintain work productivity and realize a work-life balance, and to ensure that the flexible work arrangement should not be a medium that reinforces traditional gender roles. Active policy efforts will be required to make sure this happens.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-99
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the career-interrupted lives of highly educated career-interrupted women. The participants were 11 women in their thirties who had graduated from university graduated and had a child. We collected the qualitative data using a focused group interview. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, in personal histories of the career-interrupted women, there were marriages and births, difficulties with child care, priority placed on the family, pressure to retire, and an absence of a layoff system related to births and child care. Second, with regard to their interrupted lives, while there was comfort and an absence of work-stress, there was child care stress, financial stress, anxiety due to career uncertainty, a loss of the social self, depression, emptiness, low self-esteem, dependence on husbands, regret, conflict in career choices, and envy of childcare support. Third, their reasons for seeking reemployment included the financial benefits, increased independence, self-realization in their job, hope for a stable job, self-management, and hope for a social network.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.55
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• pp.91-128
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop an effective intervention strategy for marriage migrant woman in family therapy. For this purpose, we collected counseling cases of professional counselors who successfully completed counseling and attempted the qualitative analysis of treatment intervention strategies and effects. The results of the study were obtained by dividing the meaning units in the immigrant woman's statements made during the counseling process composed of a total of 6 sessions. The counselors were analyzed to have tried the following intervention strategies. They attempted the following six strategies: Helping emotional differentiation by searching for unresolved emotional problems, dealing with undifferentiation due to family projection process and love triangle, dealing with multi-generational transfer process of the original family relationship patterns and coping mechanism, shedding lihgt on ineffectiveness of inconsistent communication due to emotional oppression applying a communication model of MRI, switching client's awareness through reorganization, suggesting a way of communication that leads to real self. Such counselors' attempts resulted in positive changes and treatment effects were found to include first, cognitive insights and motivation for change, second, improved communication skills and third, anxiety reduction and self-differentiation. Due to their husbands' refusal to participate in counseling, marriage migrant women often get involved in counseling alone, so they tend to worry that the effectiveness of family therapy may be low but it was found that the proper intervention of the counselor could improve the ability of the wife to resolve conflicts, which would be a great help in solving problems such as family violence and this study is meaningful in that it provided the appropriate therapeutic intervention strategies needed.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.7.1-7.14
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• 2023

Background: At present, no short standard questionnaire exists for assessing and comparing major work organization hazards in the workplaces of the United States. Methods: We conducted a series of psychometric tests (content validity, factor analysis, differential-item functioning analysis, reliability, and concurrent validity) to validate and identify core items and scales for major work organization hazards using the data from the 2002-2014 General Social Surveys (GSSs), including the Quality of Worklife (QWL) questionnaire. In addition, an extensive literature review was undertaken to find other major work organization hazards which were not addressed in the GSS. Results: Although the overall validity of the GSS-QWL questionnaire was satisfactory in the psychometric tests, some GSS-QWL items of work-family conflict, psychological job demands, job insecurity, use of skills on the job, and safety climate scales appeared to be weak. In the end, 33 questions (31 GSS-QWL and 2 GSS) were chosen as the least, but best validated core questions and included in a new short standard questionnaire (called the Healthy Work Survey [HWS]). And their national norms were established for comparisons. Furthermore, based on the literature review, fifteen more questions for assessing other significant work organization hazards (e.g., lack of scheduling control, emotional demands, electronic surveillance, wage theft) were included in the new questionnaire. Thus, the HWS includes 48 questions in total for assessing traditional and emerging work organization hazards, which covers seven theoretical domains: work schedule/arrangement, control, support, reward, demands, safety, and justice. Conclusions: The HWS is a short standard questionnaire for assessing work organization hazards which can be used as a first step toward the risk management of major work organization hazards in the workplaces of the US.

• Survey Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.59-83
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand why female labor force participation rates decline in early times after their marriage. Data were derived from the 4th(2001) to 9th(2006) Korea Labor & Income Panel Study. 194 Korean married women in twenties and thirties who had a job before marriage were analyzed. Survival analysis was used to explore the first labor force exit of married women longitudinally. The major findings are as follows. First, nearly half of them went away from labor market in the first 3 years after marriage. Second, child birth was the most significant factor in predicting women's labor force exit. Married women's employment discontinuity tend to be lowered after child birth, with working hour decreasing, and with the number of available family-friendly policies increasing. Married women's income encouraged them to hold on their career, though husband's income and household income were not significant. Third, married women tended to leave their job before giving birth. Women who remained in the labor market at child birth or until a year after birth were inclined to continue their job thereafter. Fourth, maternity leave and childcare leave diminished the probability of employment discontinuity. Many working wives could not use a maternity leave or childcare leave. This study shows married women usually underwent labor market exit in their newly married time. They cannot help facing conflict between the role of mother's and a worker's. Family-friendly policies could encourage working wives to rear child and continue work at the same time. The findings of this study could serve as fundamental material for further studies and would be a key to find effective solution for problematic issues on reconciling work and family.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.197-208
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• 2015

This study is to suggest a system to increase workers' job satisfaction by analyzing the impact of conflicts in their families and work places to the satisfaction of work and the effects of personality types affecting job satisfaction. For this study, a questionnaire targeting 450 workers was conducted. As a result of this study, firstly, it was revealed that both conflicts of the family-work place and the work place-family have statistically negative interrelationships and impacts with/on job satisfaction. In terms of sub-fact categories, it is revealed that work itself has more impacts than personal persuasion based on people's value. Secondly, the results of this study concerning the conflicts in a family and the workplace shows the same result with the previous studies. They are formed by mutual interactions of cause and effect. Thirdly, it turned out that differences in Enneagram Personality Types have statistically significant impacts on job satisfaction. The result also shows that thinking-centered personalities and behavior-centered personalities have more impacts on job satisfaction than emotion-centered personalities. Study result indicates that more wide use of a psychology consultation program for workers and their families, EPA(Employee Assistant Program). It also shows that introductions of personality trainning programs and personality coaching programs are required.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.242-252
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing depressive symptoms in public and private sector employees. Methods: Survey data on 23,602 workers who had worked in the public or private sector were obtained from the 2014 Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS). Symptoms of depression were measured using the WHO-5 Well-being Index. Data were analyzed using a $x^2$ test, t-test, and multivariate stepwise logistic regression to determine the factors affecting the symptoms of depression. Results: First, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 41.1 % in public sector employees and 43.4 % in private sector employees. Second, the factors commonly affecting depressive symptoms in public and private sector employees were residence area, cognitive demands, development opportunities, social support from colleagues, social support from supervisors, social community at work, job rewards, and work-family conflict. In addition, age, company size, atypical work, ergonomic risks, quantitative demands, emotional demands, influence, and job insecurity were found to be predictors of depressive symptoms unique to private sector employees. Conclusion: Mental health programs including the employee assistance program (EAP) should be developed and implemented after considering the risk factors affecting depressive symptoms.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.485-496
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• 2022

The study aims to determine the factors associated with married working women's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in terms of general, marital, work, and health characteristics. In view of this, data was gathered from a total of 2,060 married working women who participated in the 7th wave (2017-2018) of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family (KLoWF), which was conducted by the Korean Women's Development Institute. The data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0. As a result of inputting the general characteristics, marital characteristics, working characteristics, and health characteristics of married women, family's economic status, diagnosed disease, perceived stress were found to have a significant effect on married working women's HRQOL. Based on the study results, educational programs and various policies to help married working women better manage their family-work conflict were proposed as a means to improve their HRQOL. This study is significant as it identified a wide range of factors that affect married working women's HRQOL and discussed health and welfare measures to improve it.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.53
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• pp.45-78
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to classify the old into the old people as Young-old(Age 65-74) and Old-old(Older than 75) Elderly in Korea and is to check the factors influencing on the suicidal ideation based on eco-system approach. For the research data, the survey data of actual condition of the old people in 2014 was used. The samples of analysis in this study are the Young-old people who have spouse Old-old people, which are in total 6, 201. In order to check the characteristics of suicidal ideation of the Young-old people and Old-old people, Chi-square analysis was implemented and binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to check the influencing factors of suicidal Ideation of Young-old and Old-old Elderly. As a result of analysis, there were significant difference in the factors influencing on suicidal ideation of the Young-old people and the Old-old people. The variables in terms of the sociology of population among personal system factors have affected more to the suicidal ideation of Old-old people than the Young-old people. Variables in terms of health have influenced on the Old-old people and the variables in terms of economy have significantly affected to the Young-old people. It has been suggested that the conflict of conjugality and marital conflict affect to the suicidal ideation of Young- old people however it has been appeared that the Old-old people are significantly affected not only by the conjugality but also by the relationship with children. In order to reduce the suicidal ideation of the old people, the customized approach per group of the old people has been presented.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.83-93
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• 1989

This study analysed marital comflicts, related factors, and adjustments to those conflicts described by urban Korean women. The purpose was to discover directions for resolution that would enhance the helpfulness of volunteers or prfessionals working with women in counselling settings. The investigator interviewed 20 married women, all mothers and housewives living in Seoul, attending marriage encounter programs and the Lifeline telephone counselling service. An interview schedule using six open-ended questiona guided the data colleciton which took place between May 31 and December 29, 1988. Content analysis of the data revealed, in order of reported frequency, the following areas of conflict: relationships between husband wife, relationships with children, relationships between the wife and her mother-in-Law, unsatisfied sexual needs, the husband's extra marital relationships, lack of self actualization and finacial matters. Analysis of the data suggested the following factors were related to the conflicts: reasons for marriage, traditional views about marriage and divorce including to accept a marriage arranged by the parents, the husband's traditonal attitude toward the sex role of the wife, the husband's patriarchical authoritarianism, and his attitude toward the wife;s empolyment outside the home. The women thought these conflicts severely affected their relationships within the famaily, particularly with their children. Literature suggests links with such poor parent-child-family relationships and adolescent or young people's social problems. Volunteers or professionals working with married women in counselling situation need to be conscious of the possibility of these conflict during assessment, and direct their guidance toward such conflict resolution. The researcher makes several suggestions which include the need for the husband to give emotional supports to his wife, to recognize the worth of housework, to share the work of the home, to fine ways to enhance the wife's self-actualization and to ease dreary housework routines by prviding modern appliances.