• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 1979

A study was carried out from October 1977 to September 1978 in order to develope health care delively system which will meet to rural area in Korea. For the study objective a model of health care delivery system of Myun (township) area was developed which is adopted the net-work of village health voluntary worker who will play the role of bridge for communication related with health and illness between families or village people and health subcenter, and :he model health care delivery system net-work was set in the area of Soodong Myun, Yangju Gun. which is the rural health demonstration area of Ewha Womans University since 1972. The activities and attitude of 22 village health voluntary workers were observed and analized. during the study period. The results are as follows; 1. For the field activities of village health voluntary workers. a guide line which is described with specific behavioral objectives was developed and used for not only training of the workers but also evaluation of their field activities. 2. During the study period, the number of 971 village people were served primary health care service by village health voluntary worker and the service was classified largely into symptomatic medications (92%) and preventive measures (8%). 3. Comparative percentage of the number of 894 symptomatic cases cared by village health voluntary workers to 5,695 cases of patient treated by Soodong Health Subcenter during the same period was 15.7%. 4. Annual utility rate of village health voluntary worker by Myun total people was 16.1% but utility rate by Rie was varied from 38.2% to 2.8% which shown there were considerable differences in each Rie. In order to settle the village health care service, the obstructive factors of utility should be detected and their counter measure must be taken. 5. As the health need of village people increases, it is expected that the supplement of drug excluding present sit basic drugs is inevitable, but considering the ability of village health voluntary worker, the selection of additional drugs and education, plan should be carefully studied. 6. It is desirable that a financial resource for supplementary purchase of first aid kit, drugs and materials whould be alloted from village public fund like Saemaeul Women's Club fund, which has already practiced in a few villages in the study area. 7. As pointed out by village health voluntary workers, in order to improve the village health, village leaders should be in the center of it and the cooperation of whole village people is a core of healthful village development, and it is reasonable that the health subcenter backs up these voluntary health activities by village people in techniques. 8. It seems effective that a supplementary education for village health voluntary worker be accomplished by a planned education through regular meetings like worker's monthly meeting and irregular post guide when Myun Health Workers can handle the problems found during the round trip of villages. 9. It is desirable that village health voluntary workers, who are recommended by a civil voluntary organization like Saemael Woman's Club, are charged by natural villagc unit, are given a function of village health care service and used through basic education at health subcenter. 10. It is advisable that the village health voluntary worker's service is compensated not by a form of money, but by other way such as an exemption of medical fee of worker herself or her families in health subcenter can be one method. 11. Daily health activities of each village health voluntary worker should be reported to health subcenter by biweekly or monthly in order to get not only for basic data of the program but also for evaluation the program. It is recomandable that the report form should be simple and clear enough for village health voluntary worker to fill it effectively. 12. Village health care service should be developed into a Saemaeul Movement in which village people actively participate. For this, the appointed function of village health voluntary worker should be absorbed into those of living Environment Betterment Section or Family Planning Section of Saemaeul Women's Club or it is desirable that establish a new section, Village Health Promoting Section and make it involve the appointed functions of those sections mentioned above.

• 소비문화연구
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.93-118
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 예비적 저축행동 이론의 관점에서 가구주 근로유형이 가계저축에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 근로유형별 가계저축에 미치는 영향 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 실증분석 자료는 2009년도 한국복지패널조사(KOWEPS) 자료로, 가구주 근로유형이 상용직과 비상용직(임시직, 일용직, 공공근로)인 가계로 한정하여 2009년도 한국복지패널조사 가구 총 6,207가구 중 2,463가구를 본 연구의 실증분석에 사용하였다. 실증분석 결과, 가구주의 근로유형은 가계저축에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 예비적 저축행동 이론에서 제시하는 기대와는 일치하지 않았다. 즉, 상용직 가구주 가계가 임시직, 일용직 혹은 공공근로의 비상용직 가구주 가계보다 더 많은 예비적 저축을 하였고, 나아가 더 많은 예비적 자산을 축적하는 것으로 나타났다. 가구주 근로유형별 가계저축에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴본 결과, 가구주 근로유형별로 영향 요인 및 정도에 차이가 존재하기는 하였으나 주로 월평균 총소비지출, 부채 유무, 순자산, 빈곤 여부, 가구원수, 기초보장 유무가 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여기에서 특히 주목할 만한 것은 예비적 저축에 대한 기초보장의 정적 영향이었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.603-616
• /
• 2007

Roy Huddle, having invented the coated particle in Harwell 1957, stated in the early 1970s that we know now everything about particles and coatings and should be going over to deal with other problems. This was on the occasion of the Dragon fuel performance information meeting London 1973: How wrong a genius be! It took until 1978 that really good particles were made in Germany, then during the Japanese HTTR production in the 1990s and finally the Chinese 2000-2001 campaign for HTR-10. Here, we present a review of history and present status. Today, good fuel is measured by different standards from the seventies: where $9*10^{-4}$ initial free heavy metal fraction was typical for early AVR carbide fuel and $3*10^{-4}$ initial free heavy metal fraction was acceptable for oxide fuel in THTR, we insist on values more than an order of magnitude below this value today. Half a percent of particle failure at the end-of-irradiation, another ancient standard, is not even acceptable today, even for the most severe accidents. While legislation and licensing has not changed, one of the reasons we insist on these improvements is the preference for passive systems rather than active controls of earlier times. After renewed HTGR interest, we are reporting about the start of new or reactivated coated particle work in several parts of the world, considering the aspects of designs/ traditional and new materials, manufacturing technologies/ quality control quality assurance, irradiation and accident performance, modeling and performance predictions, and fuel cycle aspects and spent fuel treatment. In very general terms, the coated particle should be strong, reliable, retentive, and affordable. These properties have to be quantified and will be eventually optimized for a specific application system. Results obtained so far indicate that the same particle can be used for steam cycle applications with $700-750^{\circ}C$ helium coolant gas exit, for gas turbine applications at $850-900^{\circ}C$ and for process heat/hydrogen generation applications with $950^{\circ}C$ outlet temperatures. There is a clear set of standards for modem high quality fuel in terms of low levels of heavy metal contamination, manufacture-induced particle defects during fuel body and fuel element making, irradiation/accident induced particle failures and limits on fission product release from intact particles. While gas-cooled reactor design is still open-ended with blocks for the prismatic and spherical fuel elements for the pebble-bed design, there is near worldwide agreement on high quality fuel: a $500{\mu}m$ diameter $UO_2$ kernel of 10% enrichment is surrounded by a $100{\mu}m$ thick sacrificial buffer layer to be followed by a dense inner pyrocarbon layer, a high quality silicon carbide layer of $35{\mu}m$ thickness and theoretical density and another outer pyrocarbon layer. Good performance has been demonstrated both under operational and under accident conditions, i.e. to 10% FIMA and maximum $1600^{\circ}C$ afterwards. And it is the wide-ranging demonstration experience that makes this particle superior. Recommendations are made for further work: 1. Generation of data for presently manufactured materials, e.g. SiC strength and strength distribution, PyC creep and shrinkage and many more material data sets. 2. Renewed start of irradiation and accident testing of modem coated particle fuel. 3. Analysis of existing and newly created data with a view to demonstrate satisfactory performance at burnups beyond 10% FIMA and complete fission product retention even in accidents that go beyond $1600^{\circ}C$ for a short period of time. This work should proceed at both national and international level.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.83-99
• /
• 1994

Ch'ang-Ts'al-Ts'un is a rural Village near Lung-jing City in Yen-pien Korean Autonomous Province of China. It was formed about 100 years ago by Korean Immigrants and has been developed maintaing the characteristics of traditional Korean architecture. Therefore investigating the spatial structure of this village is a meanigful work to confirm and explore one branch of Korean architecture. This study aims at analyzing the spatial structure of the village using direct data collected from the field work and indirect data from books and maps. The field work consists of on-the-site survey of the village layout, interviews of residents, observation notes and photography. Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un is located 360-370 m high above the sea level and at the side of a long valley. A river flows in the middle of the valley and relatively flat arable land exists at the both sides of the river. The location of the village related to the surrounding river and mountains suggests that the site of the village was chosen according to Feng-Shui, Chinese and Korean traditional architectural theory. The main direction of the house layouts is South-western. The village has been growing gradually until today. Therefore it is meaningful to make the village layout before Liberation(1946 A.D.) because the characteristics of Korean architecture prevailed more in that period. The area of the previous village is limited to the west side of the creek. New houses were later added to the east of the creek, forming a 'New Village'. Previously the village was composed of 3 small villages: Up, Middle and Down. Also the main access roads connecting the village with the neighboring villages were penetrating the village transversely. Presently the main access road comes to the village longitudinally from the main highway located in front of the village. The retrospective layout shows the existence of well-formed Territory, Places and Axes, thus suggesting a coherent Micro-cosmos. The boundary of imaginery territory perceived by present residents could be defined by linking conspicous outside places sorrounding the village such as Five-mountains, Front-mountain, Shin-dong village, Standing-rock, Rear-mountain and Myong-dong village. Inside the territory there are also the important places such as Bus-stop, Memorial tower of patriots, Road-maitenance building and the village itself. And inside it 5 transverse and 1 longitudinal axes exist in the form of river, roads and mountains. The perceived spatial structure of the village formed by Places, Axes and Territory is geometrical and well-balanced and suggests this village is fit for human settlement. The administrative area of the village is about 738 ha, 27 % of which is cultivated land and the rest is mountain area. Initially the village and surrounndings were covered with natural forest But the trees have been gradually cut down for building and warning houses, resulting in the present barren and artificial landscape with bare mountains and cultivated land. At present the area of the village occupied by houses is wedge-shaped, 600 m wide and 220 m deep in its maximum. The total area of the village is $122,175m^{2}$. The area and the rate of each sub-division arc as follow. 116 house-lots $91,465m^{2}$ (74.9 %) Land for public buildings and shops $2,980m^{2}$ (2.4 %) Roads $17,106m^{2}$ (14.0 %) Creek $1,356m^{2}$ (1.1 %) Vacant spaces and others $9,268m^{2}$ (7.6 %) TOTAL $122,175m^{2}$ (100.0 %) Each lot is fenced around with vertical wooden pannels 1.5-1.8 m high and each house is located to the backside of the lot. The open space of a lot is sub-divided into three areas using the same wooden fence: Front yard, Back yard and Access area. Front and back yards are generally used for crop-cultivation, the custom of which is rare in Korea. The number of lots is 116 and the average size of area is $694.7m^{2}$. Outdoor spaces in the village such as roads, vacant spaces, front yard of the cultural hall, front yard of shops and spacse around the creek are good 'behavioral settings' frequently used by residents for play, chatting, drinking and movie-watching. The road system of the village is net-shaped, having T-junctions in intersections. The road could be graded to 4 categories according to their functions: Access roads, Inner trunk roads, Connecting roads and Culs-de-sac. The total length of the road inside the village is 3,709 m and the average width is 4.6 m. The main direction of the road in the village is NNE-SSE and ESE-WNW, crossing with right angles. Conclusively, the spatial structure of Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un village consists of various components in different dimensions and these components form a coherent structure in each dimension. Therefore the village has a proper spatial structure meaningful and appropriate for human living.

• 환경정책연구
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.3-37
• /
• 2012

우리나라의 국토 및 환경 분야를 다루는 다양한 국가계획에서 생물다양성 보전 및 보호지역 주요 이슈가 어떻게 다뤄지고 있는지를 고찰하고 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 생물다양성협약의 "생물다양성 2011~2020 전략목표"와 "보호지역 결정문" 내용을 토대로 주요 이슈를 선정한 후, 주요 이슈별로 우리나라 국토 및 환경 관련 주요 중장기 국가계획 7개의 내용을 정리 분석하였다. 생물다양성 2011~2020 전략목표 5와 관련하여 녹지총량제, 습지총량제 등 거의 모든 국가계획에서 다양한 제도 도입과 활용을 다루고 있으며, 보호지역 확대와 관련된 전략목표 11(2020년까지 육상 육수 생태계 17%, 연안 해양 생태계 10%)의 경우 우리나라는 국토면적 대비 보호지역 15%(2015년), 연안 해양보호구역 13%(2015년, 2020년)로 목표를 제시하고 있다. 보호지역 결정문의 주요 권고사항인 국가별 보호지역 실행프로그램(PoWPA)의 장기 이행계획 수립 개정에 대한 내용은 언급되지 않고 있으나, 관심이 필요한 10가지 보호지역 이슈에 대해서는 각종 국가계획에서 다양하게 다뤄지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 그 내용의 충분성 및 국가 계획별 상호 연계성 등에 있어서는 개선의 여지가 많음을 보여주고 있었다. 특히 "보호지역 관리효과성평가"의 경우 당사국에 2015년까지 국가 보호지역의 60%까지 수행하고 그 결과를 보고하도록 권고하고 있으나, 각종 국가계획에서 이에 대한 직접적 기술은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 고찰내용을 토대로 한 제안사항은 (1) "국토종합계획"에서 자연환경 보전이 국가경쟁력의 주요 요소임을 인지하고 생물다양성 및 보호지역 이슈에 대한 내용 강화, (2) 관련 국가계획들간의 상호 연계성 강화를 통한 효과적인 국가 보호지역 목표 성취를 위해 국가 환경 분야의 최상위 국가계획에서 범부처 차원의 "국가 보호지역시스템 계획" 수립, (3) 국가차원의 "보호지역실행프로그램 중장기 이행계획" 수립, (4) 각종 국가계획에 "생물다양성 전략목표"와 관련된 성과목표 설정과 보호지역결정문에서 권고하고 있는 주요 이슈들 중 관리효과성평가 등 미흡한 분야에 대한 내용 강화이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2003

한우 수소의 유지를 위한 정미에너지 및 대사에너지를 구하기 위하여 28회의 절식대사 시험을 수행하였다. 체중 100 kg에서 400kg까지 100kg 증체 간격(100, 200, 300, 400 kg)으로 7종류의 사료를 각각 유지에너지 수준만 급여하여 분뇨채취를 위한 대사시험(5일)과 열 발생량 측정을 위한 호흡대사시험(2일)을 수행한후 다시 5일간 완전 절식시켜 마지막 24시간 동안 호흡대사시험을 실시하였다. 3종의 사료는 배합사료+볏짚(실험 I), 배합사료+목건초(실험 II), 배합사료+옥수수 사일리지(실험 III)이었고, 조사료와 농후사료의 비율은 40:60으로 하였다. 실험 IV, V, VI, VII은 각각 볏짚, 목건초, 옥수수 사일리지, 배합사료를 단독 급여하였다. 체중 100kg에서는 절식대사량이 66.05/$W^{0.75}$로 높았으나, 체중 200-400kg 사이에서는 60-63kcal/$W^{0.75}$로 거의 비슷하였다. 절식대사량에서 절식시 근육 활동(기립시간과 기복횟수)에 소요된 에너지를 제외한 체중 100-400kg의 평균 기초대사량은 55.92kcal/$W^{0.75}$이었다. 절식대사량에 체조직의 분해산물로서 뇨 에너지 배설량을 추가적으로 보정한 NEm 요구량은 체중 100kg에서 가장 높아 69.10 kcal/$W^{0.75}$였으나, 체중 200-400kg 간에서는 62.07-65.76kcal/$W^{0.75}$로서 체중간에 차이가 없었다. 각 사료조합중 유지량을 급여한 사료조합의 에너지 균형에서 얻어진 에너지 축적량(retained energy)과 보정 NEm인 기초대사시 열 발생량으로 섭취한 대사에너지를 에너지 평형상태로 환산한 결과, 전 체중 평균 MEm 요구량은 102.69kcal/$W^{0.75}$이었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2004년도 춘계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.217-220
• /
• 2004

웹의 이용이 급속하게 증가함에 따라, 웹 기반의 어플리케이션 대 어플리케이션간의 상호작용을 체계적으로 지원하는 적절한 모형과 새로운 분산 플랫폼을 기존 환경들과 효율적으로 통합할 수 있는 방안에 대한 요구가 발생하였으며 이에 대한 해결책으로 웹 서비스가 등장하였다. 현재 많은 소프트웨어와 하드웨어 업체들이 웹 서비스를 시장에 도입하려 하는 적극적인 시도를 보이고 있으며 어플리케이션들을 다양한 웹 서비스 제공자들로부터의 컴포넌트를 조합하여 구축하려 하고 있다. 하지만 웹 서비스를 완벽히 이행하기 위해서는 반드시 상호 운용되어야 하며 다른 업체들로부터의 서비스뿐만 아니라 플랫폼, 어플리케이션과 프로그래밍 언어에 종속되지 않도록 하는 일련의 표준화 작업이 필요하다. 이에 웹 서비스 상호 운용성 표준화 기구인 WS-I(Web Services Interoperability Organization)에서는 XML, UDDI, WSDL 그리고 SOAP을 기본으로 웹 서비스 상호운용을 위한 표준인 기본 프로파일(Basic Profile 1.0)을 제정하였으며 실제 적용하기 위한 웹 서비스 사용자 시나리오의 프로파일을 개발하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 이질적인 두 어플리케이션간의 웹 서비스 상호 운용의 적합성을 검증하기 위하여 도서 정보 검색 웹 서비스를 J2SE 플랫폼의 웹 서비스 글라이언트와 .NET 플랫폼의 웹 서비스 서버를 기반으로 각각 설계 및 구현하고 서로 서비스가 이루어지도록 하여 이질적인 두 플랫폼 사이에서 상호 운용이 가능하다는 것을 보이며 두 어플리케이션 간의 전송 서비스를 WS-I 기본 프로파일을 적용하여 테스트 및 검증하였다.조건으로 혼합한 실험구를 설정하였다. 실험구는 각각 NWT＋35‰, CWT＋35‰, NWT＋15‰, NWT＋15‰, NWT＋35‰＋Anes., CWT+35‰＋Anes., NWT＋15‰+Anes. 및 CWT+15‰＋Anes.의 8개 실험구를 2반복으로 설정하여 경북울진∼부산까지 약 400 km (6시간)를 차량수송하였다. 수송용기는 스티로폼상자(66×42×20 cnn)로서, 여기에 해수 3 L와 액화산소를 넣은 비닐봉지에 넙치 8마리씩 수용하여 수송하였다. 혈액의 성상 및 분석항목은 수송전ㆍ후에 채혈하여 비교하였다. 수송전 hematocrit는 22.2±3.8%에서 수송후 NWT＋35‰에서 15.3＋3.9%, CWT＋35‰은 16.7±3.0%, NWT+15‰구에서는 19.2±1.8%로 낮아졌으며, CWT+15‰구는 20.9±3.6%로 수송전과 차이가 없었다. 한편 NWT＋15‰＋Anes.구는 17.8±0.9%, CWT＋15‰＋Anes.구는 14.5±1.5%로 낮아졌다. Cortisol은 수송전 2.4±0.1 ng/ml로부터 CWT＋35‰구는 16.7±12.8 ng/ml, NWT＋35‰구는 47.9＋19.8 ng/ml, NWT＋15‰구는 43.5±13.9 ng/ml, CWT＋15‰구는 26.1±8.3 ng/ml, NWT＋15‰+Anes.구는 61.7±3.3 ng/ml, CWT+15‰+Anes.구는 86.1±19.0 ng/ml로 높아졌다. Glucose는 수송전 74.2±32.6 mg/dl로부터 NWT＋35‰구는 197.9±27.5 mg/dl, CWT＋35‰구도 272.1±29.9 mg/dl로 유의하게 높아졌다. Na/sup +/의 수송전 농도는 16

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 1980

묘목가식(苗木假植)과 운반방법(運搬方法)을 개선하여 묘목(苗木)의 활착증대(活着增大)와 가식성력화(假植省力化)를 도모하고자 몇가지 시험(試驗)을 한 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 흑백색(黑白色)비닐빽을 사용하면 리기테다 묘목(苗木)을 35일간(日間) 창고 저장을 하여도 조림지(造林地) 활착(活看)에 영향이 없었던 것은 묘포장(苗圃場)과 조림지(造林地)에서의 토양내(土壤內) 가식(假植)을 생략(省略)할 수 있음을 증명하는 것이다. 조림용(造林用) 묘목(苗木)을 흑백색(黑白色)비닐빽에 장기저장을 할 수 있는 이유(理由)는 빽내(內) 습도(濕度)가 거의 100%이고 창고에 저장한 비닐빽내(內) 온도(溫度)가 $15^{\circ}C$ 정도에 불과하며 주야간(晝夜間)의 온도교차(溫度較差)가 거의 없기 때문이다. 이 빽은 조림용(造林用) 빽 대신에 이용할 수 있으며 조림지(造林地)에서 1~2일간(日間) 직사광선(直射光線)에 노출시킨 후 식재한 묘목(苗木)과 그늘에 저장한 묘목(苗木)의 활착간(活看間)에 차이(差異)가 없었다. 2. 묘목(苗木)을 토양내(土壤內)에 솎묶음 가식(假植)을 하는 대신에 흑백색(黑白色)비닐텐트로 피복(被覆)을 시키면 최대한 18일간(日間) 저장 한 묘(苗)와 토양내(土壤內) 가식(假植) 묘간(苗間)에 현지(現地) 활착(活着)에는 차이(差異)가 없었다. 이는 피복재료하(被覆材料下)의 습도(濕度)가 거의 95%에 가까우며 주야간(晝夜間)의 교차(較差)가 거의 없고 외기(外氣)와의 온도차(溫度差)가 크지 않기 때문으로 생각된다. 따라서 흑백색(黑白色)비닐텐트를 사용하연 묘포지(苗圃地)와 조림지(造林地)의 가식노동력(假植勞動力)을 생략(省略)할 수 있다. 3. 묘포지(苗圃地)와 조림지(造林地) 가식묘(假植苗)를 직사광선(直射光線)으로부터 보호(保獲)하고 수분손실(水分揚失)을 막아주기 위해서는 흑백색(黑白色)비밀망과 갈대발로 피복(被覆)을 시키는 것이 효과적(効果的)일 것 같다. 전자(前者)는 일사량(日射量)의 1/3을 후자(後者)는 2/3 정도를 차단시킬 수 있으며 증발량을 50%이상(以上) 억제(抑制) 시킬 수 있기 때문이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권7호
• /
• pp.917-925
• /
• 2014

An accurate feed formulation is essential for optimizing feed efficiency and minimizing feed cost for swine and poultry production. Because energy and amino acid (AA) account for the major cost of swine and poultry diets, a precise determination of the availability of energy and AA in feedstuffs is essential for accurate diet formulations. Therefore, the methodology for determining the availability of energy and AA should be carefully selected. The total collection and index methods are 2 major procedures for estimating the availability of energy and AA in feedstuffs for swine and poultry diets. The total collection method is based on the laborious production of quantitative records of feed intake and output, whereas the index method can avoid the laborious work, but greatly relies on accurate chemical analysis of index compound. The direct method, in which the test feedstuff in a diet is the sole source of the component of interest, is widely used to determine the digestibility of nutritional components in feedstuffs. In some cases, however, it may be necessary to formulate a basal diet and a test diet in which a portion of the basal diet is replaced by the feed ingredient to be tested because of poor palatability and low level of the interested component in the test ingredients. For the digestibility of AA, due to the confounding effect on AA composition of protein in feces by microorganisms in the hind gut, ileal digestibility rather than fecal digestibility has been preferred as the reliable method for estimating AA digestibility. Depending on the contribution of ileal endogenous AA losses in the ileal digestibility calculation, ileal digestibility estimates can be expressed as apparent, standardized, and true ileal digestibility, and are usually determined using the ileal cannulation method for pigs and the slaughter method for poultry. Among these digestibility estimates, the standardized ileal AA digestibility that corrects apparent ileal digestibility for basal endogenous AA losses, provides appropriate information for the formulation of swine and poultry diets. The total quantity of energy in feedstuffs can be partitioned into different components including gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy based on the consideration of sequential energy losses during digestion and metabolism from GE in feeds. For swine, the total collection method is suggested for determining DE and ME in feedstuffs whereas for poultry the classical ME assay and the precision-fed method are applicable. Further investigation for the utilization of ME may be conducted by measuring either heat production or energy retention using indirect calorimetry or comparative slaughter method, respectively. This review provides information on the methodology used to determine accurate estimates of AA and energy availability for formulating swine and poultry diets.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2008

광주지역 치과위생사의 근무환경에 관한 전반적인 내용을 조사하고 문제점을 파악하여 전문인력의 효율적인 관리와 향후 치과위생사의 보다 나은 근무환경의 개선방안을 제시할 목적으로 회수된 설문지를 이용하여 분석한 결과다. 1. 연구대상자의 총 근무경력은 '36개월 이하'가 39.9%로 가장 많았으며, 근무기관에 따라 종합병원은 '61개월 이상'이 50.0%, 치과병원과 치과의원은 '36개월 이하'가 각각 51.3%, 39.9%로 가장 많았다. 2. 근무기관별 근무일수는 종합병원과 치과병원은 '5일'이 각각 95.0%, 82.1%, 치과의원은 '6일 이상'이 97.7%이었으며, 근무시간의 경우 '9시간 이상'이 종합병원은 85.0%, 치과병원은 92.1%, 치과의원은 63.2%로 가장 많았다(p < 0.001). 3. 근무기관별로 장기근무자에 대한 우대조사에서 종합병원은 '수당지급'이 50.0%, 치과병원은 '휴가, 여행 및 승진기회제공'이 56.4%, 치과의원은 '없다'가 56.8%로 가장 많았다(p < 0.001) 4. 총 근무 년 수에 따른 월평균 실 수령액을 살펴보면 36개월 이하에서는 '110만원 이하'가 60.6%, 37-60개월인 경우는 '131-160만원'이 41.5%, 61개월 이상인 경우 '131-160만원'이 42.2%로 가장 많았다.(p < 0.001). 광주광역시 치과위생사의 근무환경에 대한 연구를 종합한 결과 질 높은 의료서비스 창출을 위하여 치과위생사에 대한 적정한 보상과 동기를 부여함으로서 근로의욕을 고취시키고 장기 근무자에 대한 처우대책 및 복리후생증진을 도모하여 병원 경영을 관리 및 운영한다면 인력난의 문제뿐만 아니라 치과의료 서비스의 질적 향상을 통한 국민의 구강건강증진의 목적을 달성할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.