• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1336-1342
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• 2005

The present research work was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects as well as the safety aspects of lactobacilli as probiotic. Lactobacilli were isolated from poultry faecal samples, feed samples and from some known preparations procured from poultry feed manufacturers. L. acidophilus and L. sporogenes were tested for the antibacterial activity against four poultry pathogens viz. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cell free supernatant (CFS) of L. acidophilus exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp. at original pH (4.50${\pm}$0.02). At the adjusted pH (6.50${\pm}$0.02) significantly higher antibacterial activity was recorded against indicator organism except for P. aeruginosa. Likewise, L. sporogenes exhibited similar antibacterial activity at original as well as adjusted pH except for E. coli. Antibacterial activity against E. coli was significantly higher at adjusted pH than at original pH of CFS. The competitive exclusion of E. coli by lactobacilli over the intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) was checked. L. acidophilus strain I, which was of poultry origin, exhibited maximum attachment over IEC as compared to other three strains of non-poultry origin viz. L. acidophilus strain II, L. sporogenes strain I and II. Overall, L. acidophilus exhibited higher competitive exclusion as compared to L. sporogenes. All the lactobacilli of poultry origin were most sensitive to penicillin G, amoxycillin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol, least sensitive to sulphamethizole, ciprofloxacin, neomycin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin and resistant to metronidazole and nalidixic acid. The isolates from probiotic preparations were most sensitive to ampicillin, amoxycillin and tetracycline, least sensitive to sulphamethizole, norfloxacin, neomycin and ceftriazone and resistant to nalidixic acid and metronidazole. Eight of the multiple drug resistant lactobacilli isolates were studied for the presence of plasmids. Plasmids could be extracted from six isolates of lactobacilli. These plasmids could be responsible for bacteriocin production or for antibiotic resistance of the strains. The lactobacilli need further studies regarding their safety for use in the probiotic preparations.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.350-358
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define and clarify the concept of developmental care for preterm infants. Methods: The hybrid model method was used to identify the main attributes and indicators. In the field work stage, data were collected in Seoul and Cheonan, Korea. The participants were 5 nurses working in the NICU. Results: The concept of developmental care was found to have six attributes and ten indicators in 2 dimensions. For the nursing practice dimension, four attributes were derived. They were being like intrauterine state, individualization, interaction, and integrative care with awareness of development. For the family centeredness dimension, supporting parental attachment and professional alliance were attributes of developmental care. Conclusion: Developmental focused care can facilitate the identification of behavioral responses of newborns and provide individualized interventions for fostering growth and development. This concept analysis could provide guidelines for "developmental care" nursing practice and be useful for research in the neonatal field.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.75-93
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• 2002

This research was preformed for the purpose of preparing the items of standard model of the national dental technician test base on the duty analysis of the dental technician. The results of the duty analysis for the dental technician follows. 1. The dental technician is a profession to make the oral function smooth through the dental supplement and equipment in a scientific method and the skilled technique. 2. The duty of the dental technician are determined as A. preparation for manufacture B. manufacture C. management of the place of the dental technology D. self-development. A. The field of "the preparation for manufacture" are determined as 1. to confirm work authorization 2. To confirm the working model, B. The field of "In manufacture" are determined as 1. to manufacture the temporary crown 2. to manufacture the inlay and crown & bridge prosthesis 3. to manufacture the porcelain fused metal crown prosthesis 4. to manufacture the all ceramic crown prosthesis 5. to manufacture the temporary denture prosthesis 6. to manufacture the partial denture prosthesis 7. to manufacture the complete denture prosthesis 8. to manufacture the attachment prosthesis 9. to manufacture implant prosthesis 10. to manufacture the removable orthodontic device, 11. to manufacture the fixed orthodontic device, 12. to manufacture the orthodontic study cast C. The field of "in management of the dental lab." are determined as 1. management 2. to control the dental lab. D. The field of "In the self-development" are determined as 1. to improve the professionalism 2. self-control. 3. The developing items selected under the duty evaluation of the dental technician are l7s in the manufacture preparation, 1,011s in the manufacture, 7s in the management for the dental technology, 5s in self-development, and in all together 1,040s

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.744-749
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• 2010

The aim of this work was to determine whether intrinsically bent DNA sites are present at, or close to, the mammalian replication origins oriGNAI3 and oriB in the Chinese hamster AMPD2 locus. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and in silico analysis, we located four intrinsically bent DNA sites (b1 to b4) in a fragment that contains the oriGNAI3 and one site (b5) proximal to oriB. The helical parameters show that each bent DNA site is curved in a left-handed superhelical writhe. A 2D projection of 3D fragment trajectories revealed that oriGNAI3 is located in a relatively straight segment flanked by bent sites b1 and b2, which map in previously identified Scaffold/Matrix Attachment Region. Sites b3 and b4 are located approximately 2 kb downstream and force the fragment into a strong closed loop structure. The b5 site is also located in an S/MAR that is found just downstream of oriB.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify differences in job stress, satisfaction and commitment of cooking employees working in hotel kitchens with and without HACCP systems. Methods: Culinary employees of 12 five-star hotels were surveyed and 504 valid data were used for SPSS analysis. Sub factors of working environment factors (job stress, job satisfaction, and job commitment) were examined for analysis. Results: The results showed that hotels that implemented the HACCP system had significantly higher values for the five sub factors of employee job stress (job demand, relationship conflict, organizational system, lack of job autonomy, and job instability; p<0.001). For the sub factors of job satisfaction (internal and external satisfaction) statistic showed a statistically significant value in hotels that did not implement the HACCP system (p<0.001). Job attachment and job importance, which are sub factors of job commitment, showed no difference in relation to the implementation of HACCP system, and job responsibility showed a higher p-value in hotels that did not implement HACCP (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that culinary employees working at venues with HACCP systems have more job related stress, lower job satisfaction and partially less job commitment. Based on this outcome, venues that have already implemented or are planning to implement HACCP systems should consider the implications regarding their management of employees. Managerial policies that enhance autonomy, job stability, achievement, self-development, promotion, and compensation should also be implemented. Finally, meticulous attention and high investments into the work environment and human resources are necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.452-455
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• 2017

As the number of high - rise buildings has increased recently, this research society has become interested in the method of cleaning the external wall required. When cleaning these areas, an accident occurs every year when a person uses dangerous manual labor using a gondola. The main goal of this work is to enable people to manipulate the robot with simple operation without dangerous manual operation when working in a vertical structure. As the altitude increases, the concept of the mechanism attaching to the vertical structure while enduring the external resistance in the increase of the wind strength is applied, and the additional attachment device is attached to the end of the leg based on the existing four- According to the control, the development result of the robot having the function of detachable to the glass is presented.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.477-483
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• 2020

The rehabilitation methods used in existing concrete box structures rely on the method of attaching the repair material to the section of the structure with a spray equipment. In the case of ceiling or wall parts, the adhesion force to the repair material may be reduced by the gravity and dead load after construction. In subway structures, vibration causes a problem that reduces the initial adhesion. Supplementary measures are needed as the quality of repair varies depending on the worker's proficiency and construction environment. In this study, mechanical pressurization equipment was developed that can apply a certain pressure after construction of a repairwork to solve problems such as reduction of adhesion of repair materials by gravity and variation of repair quality by labor work. To find out the effect of the pressurized equipment, a chamber similar to the field conditions was constructed to measure the attachment strength different from the pressurized condition, the section, and the environmental conditions. The pressurization differed from the other parts, but the adhesion strength of up to 70% was increased.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.183-196
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to construct a substantive theory about the substantials of stress of Korean Wives in the community. The subjects were 10 wives. In the process of data analysis, 'burden' was found to be the core phenomenon. And the properties of burden were 'burden of domestic economy', 'a sence of duty about the esteemed family of her husband', 'role burden in a family and her work place', and 'burden of conception'. Twenty five hypotheses were derived from the integration of categories. It is as follows : 1. The stronger the difference as perceiced by subjects, the stronger the burden will be. 2. The stronger the dissatisfaction, the stronger the burden will be. 3. The stronger the trouble, the stronger the burden will be.4. The stronger the worry, the stronger the burden will be. 5. The stronger the forcible demand, the stronger the burden will be. 6. The stronger the regret, the stronger the burden will be. 7. The rarer the communication, the stronger the burden will be. 8. The stronger the fatigue, the stronger the burden will be. 9. The stronger the anger, the stronger the burden will be. 10. The stronger the worrisome feeling, the stronger the burden will be. 11. The stronger the unbearable feeling, the stronger the burden will be. 12. The stronger the resentment. the stronger the burden will be. 13. The stronger the sence of insufficiency, the stronger the burden will be. 14. The stronger the estrangement, the stronger the burden will be. 15. The stronger the attachment, the stronger the burden will be.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.246-251
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• 2003

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of the brain capillaries, which are lined by endothelial cells displaying extremely tight intercellular junctions. Several attempts at creating an in vitro model of the BBB have been met with moderate success as brain capillary endothelial cells lose their barrier properties when isolated in cell culture. This may be due to a lack of recreation of the in vivo endothelial cellular environment in these models, including nearly constant contact with astrocyte foot processes. This work is motivated by the hypothesis that growing endothelial cells on one side of an ultra-thin, highly porous membrane and differentiating astrocyte or astrogliomal cells on the opposite side will lead to a higher degree of interaction between the two cell types and therefore to an improved model. Here we describe our initial efforts towards testing this hypothesis including a procedure for membrane fabrication and methods for culturing endothelial cells on these membranes. We have fabricated a 1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick, 2.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$ pore size, and 55% porous membrane with a very narrow pore size distribution from low-stress silicon nitride (SiN) utilizing techniques from the microelectronics industry. We have developed a base, acid, autoclave routine that prepares the membranes for cell culture both by cleaning residual fabrication chemicals from the surface and by increasing the hydrophilicity of the membranes (confirmed by contact angle measurements). Gelatin, fibronectin, and a 50/50 mixture of the two proteins were evaluated as potential basement membrane protein treatments prior to membrane cell seeding. All three treatments support adequate attachment and growth on the membranes compared to the control.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.249-255
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• 2021

In this work, we proposed a facile method to fabricate the three-dimensional porous copper current collector (3D Cu CC) for a Si-dominant anode in a Li-ion battery (LiB). The 3D Cu CC was prepared by combining chemical etching and thermal reduction from a planar copper foil. It had a porous layer employing micro-sized Cu balls with a large surface area. In particular, it had strengthened attachment of Si-dominant active material on the CC compared to a planar 2D copper foil. Moreover, the increased contact area between a Si-dominant active material and the 3D Cu could minimize contact loss of active materials from a CC. As a result of a battery test, Si-dominant active materials on 3D Cu showed higher cyclic performance and rate-capability than those on a conventional planar copper foil. Specifically, the Si electrode employing 3D Cu exhibited an areal capacity of 0.9 mAh cm^-2 at the 300^th cycles (@ 1.0 mA cm^-2), which was 5.6 times higher than that on the 2D copper foil (0.16 mAh cm^-2).