• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2009

Objectives : To compare the performance of three comorbidity measurements (Charlson comorbidity index, Elixhauser s comorbidity and comorbidity selection) with the effect of different comorbidity lookback periods when predicting in-hospital mortality for patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods : This was a retrospective study on patients aged 40 years and older who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. To distinguish comorbidity from complications, the records of diagnosis were drawn from the National Health Insurance Database excluding diagnosis that admitted to the hospital. C-statistic values were used as measures for in comparing the predictability of comorbidity measures with lookback period, and a bootstrapping procedure with 1,000 replications was done to determine approximate 95% confidence interval. Results : Of the 61,815 patients included in this study, the mean age was 63.3 years (standard deviation: ${\pm}$10.2) and 64.8% of the population was male. Among them, 1,598 2.6%) had died in hospital. While the predictive ability of the Elixhauser's comorbidity and comorbidity selection was better than that of the Charlson comorbidity index, there was no significant difference among the three comorbidity measurements. Although the prevalence of comorbidity increased in 3 years of lookback periods, there was no significant improvement compared to 1 year of a lookback period. Conclusions : In a health outcome study for patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention using National Health Insurance Database, the Charlson comorbidity index was easy to apply without significant difference in predictability compared to the other methods. The one year of observation period was adequate to adjust the comorbidity. Further work to select adequate comorbidity measurements and lookback periods on other diseases and procedures are needed.

• 에너지공학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

석탄 화력발전소의 배연탈황공정에서 탈황용 흡수제로 사용하는 석회석을 대상으로 본드의 분쇄일지수(BWI) 및 하드그로브지수(HGI) 측정 후 분쇄효율을 비교하였다. 측정결과, 국내 탈황용 석회석의 분쇄성지수는 HGI가 증가함에 따라 BWI가 감소하는 선형적인 반비례 관계를 확인할 수 있었으며, 석회석의 화학조성 및 채광위치에 따른 결정구조에 따라 분쇄효율의 차이가 발생하였다. 이에 따라, 석회석의 분쇄성을 측정할 경우 측정방법이 까다롭고 시간이 오래 걸리는 BWI 보다 간편하게 측정할 수 있는 HGI를 활용하여도 시료의 분쇄성 차이를 확인할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 분쇄 특성에 따른 석회석의 선택적 활용 시 탈황효율 또한 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.2646-2653
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• 2000

The performance of slider of a hard disk drive affects the durability of the system. Particularly, the flying ability of the slider is critical in terms of surface damage and head crash. In this work, the take-off characteristics of the slider for various types of laser zone textured bump geometries were investigated. Also, the effect of ambient pressure on the flying characteristics of the slider was experimentally observed. An index of air density which can be used as a parameter for evaluating the flying characteristic is introduced.

• 청정기술
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 플러스, 솔더, 그리스와 같은 오염물질을 효과적으로 세정하기 위하여 글리콜 에테르계, 파라핀계 및 실록산계 물질을 배합한 탄화수소계 세정제를 제조하고 습윤지수, 아닐린점 그리고 용해도 매개변수 등의 세정성능에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 탄화수소계 세정제의 배합은 단일물질의 물성에 기초하여 제조되었다. 제조된 세정제의 습윤지수와 아닐린 점은 실험을 통하여 측정하였으며 용해도 매개변수는 Hansen의 추정식을 사용하여 계산하였다. 본 연구에서는 플럭스, 솔더, 그리스의 오염물을 사용하여 세정제의 세정성능 평가를 진행하였다. 실험결과 배합 세정제의 세정성능이 플럭스, 솔더, 그리스의 오염물 세정에 매우 우수하게 나타났으며 오염물에 따라 세정효율에 영향을 미치는 변수가 다르게 나타났다. 플럭스 세정에서는 플럭스($21.3MPa^{1/2}$)와 유사한 용해도 매개변수의 MC($20.3MPa^{1/2}$), DF-1($24.2MPa^{1/2}$), DF-2($21.5MPa^{1/2}$)세정제가 3분 이내에 100%의 세정효율을 보였다. 그리고 솔더 세정에서는 -$20^{\circ}C$ 이하의 아닐린점인 CFC-113, MC, 1,1,1-TCE가 높은 세정효율을 보였다. 그리스 세정에서는 그리스의 용해도 매개변수($15.0{\sim}17.0\;MPa^{1/2}$)와 가장 유사한 DG-1 세정제($16.2\;MPa^{1/2}$)와 DG-2 세정제($15.5\;MPa^{1/2}$)의 세정효율이 비교적 저조하였고 습윤지수가 크고 아닐린 점이 낮은 CFC-113과 MC가 세정효율이 우수하였다. 본 연구를 통해 플럭스, 솔더, 그리스의 오염물을 세정하기 위해 글리콜 에테르계, 파라핀계 및 실록산계 물질을 알맞게 배합하여 CFC-113, MC, 1,1,1-TCE와 같은 규제물질을 대체할 수 있는 탄화수소계 세정제를 개발할 수 있었다. 그리고 습유지수, 아닐린점, 용해도 매개변수 등과 같은 세정성 영향을 검토하여 비수계 세정제의 세정성능을 예측하고 세정제의 배합에 적용할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.286-298
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• 2006

The study aimed to identify major factors related to global self-rated health of the community-dwelling elderly people in rural areas. Interviews were conducted with 433 persons over 65 years of age. The socio-economic characteristics, chronic disease status, measures of functional and mental health, life satisfaction, health-related behaviors including smoking, drinking, exercise, social activity, dietary habit, and food intakes were analyzed to determine their influence on self-rated health index. Data on food intake were obtained through the 24-hour recall method. The self-rated health of rural elderly was poor or very poor as reported by 42.6% and 52.4% of the men and women, respectively. Poor self-rated health was found to be related to elderly aged $65{\sim}74$, female, absence of work, more chronic diseases, dependence on Instrumental Activity Daily Living (IADL), higher mental unhealthy days, lower current life satisfaction, less social activity, lower dietary habit scores, lower intake of total food, fruit, eggs, fishes & shell fishes, vitamin C (%RDA), and Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR). The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that poor self-rated health index is significantly associated with more chronic diseases, mental unhealthy days, gastrointestinal disease, musculoskeletal disease, less social activity, and lower intake of fruits. The results also suggested that improving the nutritional status and functional ability, and reducing the burden of chronic diseases are beneficial to the self-rated health index of the elderly.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2015

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of NaCl concentration on the emulsifying and rheological properties of porcine myofibrillar protein (MF)-stabilized soybean oil and fish oil emulsion (SO-EMs and FO-EMs). Emulsions (EMs) were prepared from 1% MF with 10% SO or FO at various NaCl concentration (0-0.5 M). The emulsifying ability index (EAI) of the EMs increased with increasing NaCl concentration for both oil types. Conversely, increasing NaCl manifested decrease in the emulsion stability index (ESI). In addition, creaming index (CI) also increased with NaCl concentration. From the microscopic observation, droplets of the EMs were more aggregated at relatively higher NaCl concentrations, especially for FO-EMs. All EMs had a gel-like structure owing to G' > G" from the rheological analysis. Comparing the oil types, the emulsifying capacity of SO-EMs was more stable than that of FO-EMs at all NaCl concentrations as determined from the CI value and microscopic observation. Therefore, it can be concluded that SO-EMs and FO-EMs are more stable at relatively lower concentrations of NaCl. In addition, the dispersed stability of SO-EMs was better than that of FO-EMs at the same concentration of NaCl.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2020

This work discusses the palm oil mill processing carried out at Jugra Palm Oil Mill Sdn Bhd, situated at Selangor, Malaysia with the capacity of 45-t fresh fruit bunch (FFB)/h. Typically, oil palm residues and palm oil mill effluent (POME) from FFB are generated while processing. Prior to discharge, POME should be treated to remove pollutants in the effluent. As such, the performances of anaerobic and aerobic ponds were assessed in this study to determine temperature, pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), sludge volume index (SVI), and dissolved oxygen (DO). From the experiments, mesophilic temperature due to better process stability was applied in anaerobic ponds. The pH results displayed a fluctuating trend between lower control limit and upper control limit, and, the pH value increased from one pond to another. The final discharge BOD and SVI appeared to be lower than 100 mg/L and 10 mL/L indicating low degree of pollution and good settling ability for biomass/solid. DO was close to normal, mostly below 2 mg/L. The experimental outcomes revealed the effective treatability of POME in adherence to the standard regulation, which is the priority for environmental sustainability within this industry domain.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Purpose: Sarcopenia is defined as a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function with age that affects overall body function. We aimed to investigate the effect of combined training on body composition, balance, and muscle function in sarcopenia elderly. Research design, data, and methodology: Twenty-eight sarcopenia elderly (age 74.9±4.5 years) were randomly assigned to an exercise, EG (n=14), or a control, CG (n=14), group. The EG performed an intervention consisting of combined exercise training (60-75 min) for a total of 12 weeks, three times a week. The CG maintained their usual daily lifestyle during the intervention period. We measured body weight, body mass index (BMI), % body fat, free fat mass, balance ability, peak torque in shoulder, knee, and lumbar joints normalized for bodyweight in one second. Results: The EG showed improved body composition (i.e., BMI, fat-free body mass, fat mass; all p < 0.031, η² > 0.179), balance (i.e., right and left of static and dynamic balance and fast 10 m walk; all p < 0.049, η² > 0.152), and muscular function (i.e., 90°/sec and 180°/sec peak power per kg bodyweight, 90°/sec average power per kg bodyweight, 180°/sec total work, and 180°/sec endurance ratio; all p < 0.045, η² > 0.158). Conclusions: Combined exercise training improves muscle mass and strength, body composition, balance, and muscle function in sarcopenia elderly.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.223-249
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• 2007

본 연구는 개인에 대한 직업재활서비스의 적격성이 장애 등급만으로 결정될 수 있는지를 탐색하기 위해 수행되었다. 이론적 검토를 통해 '기능제한(functional limitation)'개념이 이에 대한 대안이 될 수 있음을 확인하였고 변형바델지수(Modified Barthel Index)를 이용하여 기능제한 정도를 측정하였다. 전체 381명의 뇌성마비인을 대상으로 신체적 손상(impairment)과 기능제한 그리고 취업여부의 관계를 파악한 결과, 뇌성마비유형과 부위 등 신체적 손상과 관련된 변인은 취업여부에 직 간접적 영향을 미치지 않았으나 통증문제와 이동능력은 간접적인 경로를 통해, 자기관리능력은 직접적인 경로를 통해 취업여부에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 향후 각종 장애관련 연구나 서비스 전달체계의 적격성을 파악하는 과정에서 무엇을 '장애'로 규정할 것인지에 대해 고민해야 하며, 그 대안으로 신체적 '기능제한' 정도를 개념화 하는 것에 대한 추가적인 연구가 수행되어야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.565-570
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between activity of daily living and social psychology and work mind of office workers with non-specific chronic neck pain (NSCNP). Design: Crossed-sectional study Methods: 86 patients with NSCNP were recruited for this study. Neck disability index (NDI) and Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) were used to check the pain intensity and disability of patients with neck pain. To find out the occupational factors of the subjects, the Korean version of Latack Coping Scale was used. And,To find out the socio-psychological factors of the subjects, the Korean version of depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-21) was used. We performed correlation for each variable. Results: The correlation between NPRS and NDI and DASS-21 Scale were clear positive correlation (p<0.05). There was no statistical significance between the LATACK control group and the pain and disability index (p>0.05). A clear positive correlation was established between the avoidance group of LATACK and pain (p<0.01). Conclusions: Through this study, it is necessary to have time to manage depression, anxiety, and stress in the treatment of neck pain in office workers who spend a lot of time sitting. In addition, it is thought that there should be the ability to control oneself about one's duties in the workplace.