• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2016

Background: safety and healthy working environment has received numerous research attention over the years. Majority of these researches seem to have been conducted in the construction industry, with little attention in the health sector. Nonetheless, there are couple of studies conducted in Africa that suggest pressure in hospitals. Therefore the aim of the study was to examine how pressure influence safety behavior in the hospitals. With reference to the relevance of safety behavior in primary health care delivery, there was the need for the study. Method: Data was obtained from 422 public hospital employees. Respondents were assured that all information would be kept confidential to increase the response rate and acquire more accurate information. Collection of questionnaires from participants took four weeks (20 working days), after which the data was analyzed. Results: The result of the study showed that work pressure correlated negatively with safety behavior. General safety climate significantly correlated positively with safety behavior and negatively with work pressure, although the effect size for the latter was smaller. Hierarchical regression analysis showed management commitment to safety to moderate the relationship between work pressure and safety behavior. Conclusion: When employees perceive safety communication, safety systems and training to be positive, they seem to comply with safety rules and procedures than voluntarily participate in safety activities.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2011

Objectives: Stressors in nursing put high demands on cognitive control and, therefore, may increase the risk of cognitive failures that put patients at risk. Task-related stressors were expected to be positively associated with cognitive failure at work and job control was expected to be negatively associated with cognitive failure at work. Methods: Ninety-six registered nurses from 11 Swiss hospitals were investigated (89 women, 7 men, mean age = 36 years, standard deviation = 12 years, 80% supervisors, response rate 48%). A new German version of the Workplace Cognitive Failure Scale (WCFS) was employed to assess failure in memory function, failure in attention regulation, and failure in action exertion. In linear regression analyses, WCFS was related to work characteristics, neuroticism, and conscientiousness. Results: The German WCFS was valid and reliable. The factorial structure of the original WCF could be replicated. Multilevel regression task-related stressors and conscientiousness were significantly related to attention control and action exertion. Conclusion: The study sheds light on the association between job characteristics and work-related cognitive failure. These associations were unique, i.e. associations were shown even when individual differences in conscientiousness and neuroticism were controlled for. A job redesign in nursing should address task stressors.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.702-713
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of school foodservice dietitians' work value on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Also, this study explored the role of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers as a moderating variable in three relationships: 1) between work value and job satisfaction, 2) between work value and organizational commitment, and 3) between work value and turnover intentions. This study surveyed dietitians who worked at school foodservice in Kyunggii and Daegu${\cdot}$Gyeoungbuk province. A total of 509 responses were collected using on-site survey and online survey (response rate 59.3%). This study conducted hierarchical regression analysis to test the moderating effect of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers. Results of hierarchical regression showed that work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on job satisfaction to promotion opportunity and salary, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to new work. In addition, work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on turnover intention, and such effect was more significantly apparent in low expectation to new work environment improvement. Work value of work activity preference also appeared to have a positive effect on organizational commitment, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to social status and professionalism.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2011

Purpose: This study tries to identify experience of verbal abuse, emotional response, and ways to deal with verbal abuse against nurses in hospitals. Methods: This study was a descriptive research and conducted from April to July 2011. One hundred and seventeen nurses with over one-year experience in general wards were selected and evaluated. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. Results: The nurses' experience rate of verbal abuse during the entire period of work in hospitals was 98.3%. The majority of the nurses were verbally abused by patients (70.9%), followed by patients' relatives (65.8%), physicians (61.5%), and coworkers (58.1%). Overall negative emotional response score of nurses after verbal abuse was $38.82{\pm}8.28$. Ways to deal with verbal abuse were as follows: suppression was 74.4%, complaining of an injustice to close people, 67.5%, and ignoring, 43.6%. Conclusion: Nurses have significantly been exposed to verbal abuse while working in hospitals. Therefore, hospital managers and nurse managers are required to inform other staff and visitors in hospitals the real condition of verbal abuse against nurses and provide a safe work environment by developing the report and disposal system of verbal abuse.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.697-711
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• 2021

In this work, a simple quasi 3-D parabolic shear deformation theory is developed to examine the bending response of antisymmetric cross-ply laminated composite plates under different types of mechanical loading. The main feature of this theory is that, in addition to including the transverse shear deformation and thickness stretching effects, it has only five-unknown variables in the displacement field modeling like Mindlin's theory (FSDT), yet satisfies the zero shear stress conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate without requiring a shear correction factor. The static version of principle of virtual work was employed to derive the governing equations, while the bending problem for simply supported antisymmetric cross-ply laminated plates was solved by a Navier-type closed-form solution procedure. The adequacy of the proposed model is handled by considering the impact of side-to-thickness ratio on bending response of plate through several illustrative examples. Comparison of the obtained numerical results with the other shear deformation theories leads to the conclusion that the present model is more accurate and efficient in predicting the displacements and stresses of laminated composite plates.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2023

To effectively and safely manage the radiation exposure to nuclear power plant (NPP) workers in accidents, major overseas NPP operators such as the United States, Germany, and France have developed and applied realistic 3D model radiation dose assessment software for workers. Continuous research and development have recently been conducted, such as performing NPP accident management using 3D-VR based on As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) planning tool. In line with this global trend, it is also required to secure technology to manage radiation exposure of workers in Korea efficiently. Therefore, in this paper, it is described the application method and assessment results of radiation exposure scenarios for workers in response to accidents assessment technology, which is one of the fundamental technologies for constructing a realistic platform to be utilized for radiation exposure prediction, diagnosis, management, and training simulations following accidents. First, the post-accident sampling after the Loss of Coolant Accident(LOCA) was selected as the accident and response scenario, and the assessment area related to this work was established. Subsequently, the structures within the assessment area were modeled using MCNP, and the radiation source of the equipment was inputted. Based on this, the radiation dose distribution in the assessment area was assessed. Afterward, considering the three principles of external radiation protection (time, distance, and shielding) detailed work scenarios were developed by varying the number of workers, the presence or absence of a shield, and the location of the shield. The radiation exposure doses received by workers were compared and analyzed for each scenario, and based on the results, the optimal accident response scenario was derived. The results of this study plan to be utilized as a fundamental technology to ensure the safety of workers through simulations targeting various reactor types and accident response scenarios in the future. Furthermore, it is expected to secure the possibility of developing a data-based ALARA decision support system for predicting radiation exposure dose at NPP sites.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2023

최근 산업 재해는 산업화로 인해 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 작업현장에서 위험요소로 인한 손실을 줄이기위해 작업자의 안전관리는 필수사항으로 인식되고 있다. 작업자의 안전관리를 위해서는 산업현장의 특성을 고려한 맞춤형 안전관리 인공지능 기술의 적용이 요구된다. 현장의 안전관리는 작업 및 공정별 안전사고 유형 및 위험성 분석을 기반으로 상황에 따른 작업자의 실시간 위험 감지 및 대응을 위한 서비스 설계를 고려한다. 제안된 안전관리 서비스는 IoT 기반의 센서 자료를 획득하기 위한 작업자 디바이스, 획득한 센서 자료를 수집하기 위한 엣지장치와 작업자의 재해 대응을 지원하는 음성챗봇으로 구성된다. 음성챗봇은 재해 현장의 작업자의 위험대응을 위한 상호작용을 수행하는 주요한 역할을 수행한다. 이 논문은 작업자의 상황에 따른 작업안전을 위한 IoT 기반의 시스템과 서버 상의 음성챗봇을 활용한 실시간 위험대응 서비스 시스템을 기술한다. 안전관리 서비스 제공을 위한 엣지 수준에서의 대응처리를 위해 스토리기반 음성챗봇을 활용하도록 한다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제9권
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• pp.1201-1208
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• 1994

70년대에 "아메리칸 뉴웨이브(American New Wave)" 라는 새로운 조류로써 그래픽디자인의 새로운 지평을 연 에어프릴 그레이만(April Greiman)은 스위스에서 수학한 디자인이념을 바탕으로 한 미국 캘리포니아의 자유분방한 스타일로 일약 세계적인 디자니어로 떠올랐다. 그레이만의 "Hybrid Imagerv"는 사진, 비디오, 드로잉, 타이포크래픽, 컴퓨터이미지등 다양한 매체를 혼합하여 새시대의 시각언어를 개발하고 이를 조형적으로 창조하는데 앞장서 왔다. 그녀는 비디오나 컴퓨터로 그려진 이미지의 "텍스췌"가운데서 기능성을 찾아낸 첫번째 디자이너이고 이것들을 그녀가 창조한 주요디자인작품에 새로운 시각언어로 통합한 용기있는 작가였다. 그녀는 또한 기본적인 디자인도구로써 매킨토시컴퓨터를 사용한 디자이너중 한명이었다. 그녀의 선구적인 작업에도 불구하고 그녀는 "실험적"디자이너라는 호칭을 거부하였다. 그녀는 사고적이고 감성적인 반응을 불러일으키는 이미지들을 배열하는 작업과정에 흥미가 있다.감성적인 반응을 불러일으키는 이미지들을 배열하는 작업과정에 흥미가 있다.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.151-172
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• 2019

제4차 산업혁명이라는 시대적 변화는 특정 분야에 국한되지 않고 사회 및 전 산업분야에 영향을 미치며 모든 기업들에 변화에 대한 효과적인 대응을 요구하고 있다. 기업들은 생존을 넘어 지속적인 성장발전을 위해서 빅데이터나 인공지능과 같은 첨단 정보통신기술을 도입하거나, 효율적이고 체계적인 조직구조 개선 및 조직문화 쇄신, 혹은 업무효율화와 구성원 개개인의 역량을 강화하는 등의 다양한 모습으로 대응하고 있다. 본 연구는 제4차 산업혁명과 같은 다차원적인 변화에의 대응은 획일적이어서는 안 되며, 기업 특성에 따라 대응전략과 대응 우선순위가 달라야한다는 가정 하에 출발하였다. 본 연구의 목적은, 효율적이고 체계적인 조직구조는 물론 성숙된 조직문화 그리고 정보시스템 도입을 위해서 필요한 기술기반구조를 갖추고 있는 대규모 기업들과 달리 중소규모 기업(소기업과 소상공인 포함)의 차별화된 대응전략과 대응요인(영역)들의 우선순위를 제시하는데 있다. 선행연구를 통해서 밝혀진 대응요인(영역)들에 대해서 세미델파이방식의 반복 설문을 통해서 데이터를 수집하였으며, 데이터 분석결과, 중규모 기업의 경우에는 정보기술도입 > 조직구성원의 역량강화 > 기술기반구조 구축 > 조직구조 개선 > 업무효율화 > 조직문화 개선 순으로 나타났으며, 소상공 및 자영업을 포함한 소규모기업의 경우에는, 조직구성원의 역량강화 > 업무효율화 > 정보기술 도입 > 기술기반구조 구축 > 조직구조 개선 > 조직문화 개선 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 도출된 중소규모 기업의 대응 우선순위는 중소규모 기업이 제4차 산업혁명 시대의 변화에 대응전략을 수립하는데 실제적인 활용효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2024

Background: Effective near-miss management is important in preventing workplace accidents. A company's inadequate response to near-miss reports can lead workers to feel insecure and dissatisfied with the company. We investigated the relationship between companies' responses to near-miss reports and turnover intentions of workers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using online self-administered questionnaire survey to workers aged ≥20 years in Japan in March 2022. The analysis included 5,071 participants who had nearmiss experiences and reported them to their companies. The independent variable was companies' responses to near-miss reports, classified into three categories: adequate response group, inadequate response group, and no response group. The dependent variable was turnover intentions. We calculated the odds ratio and 95% confidential interval (CI) using multilevel logistic regression analyses nested for industries and adjusted for covariates. Results: Of the 5,071 participants, 3,058 (60.3%) were adequate response group, 1,484 (29.3%) were inadequate response group, and 529 (10.4%) were no response group. In multivariable adjusted model, compared with adequate response group, the odds ratio of inadequate response group and no response group were 1.80 (95% CI: 1.56-2.08) and 2.63 (95% CI: 2.15-3.22), respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggested that there was a relationship between companies' responses to the near-miss reports and turnover intentions of workers. It is important not only to collect near-misses but also to respond appropriately to the reports and provide feedback to workers.