• 제목/요약/키워드: Work Burden

검색결과 507건 처리시간 0.031초

비만 관련 SNP genotype-phenotype 정보기반의 맞춤 식단옴 추천 (Personalized Dietary SikdanOme Recommendation based on Obesity Related SNP Genotype and Phenotype)

  • 신가희;이상민;강병철;장대자;권대영;김민정;김리랑;김진희;양혜정
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제16권10호
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    • pp.435-442
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    • 2016
  • 전 세계적으로 비만인구의 증가로 인해 경제적 부담이 확대되고 있으며, 그 원인으로 육체적 활동의 감소 및 식이관리의 실패가 손꼽히고 있다. 영양성분 및 칼로리를 기반으로 한 맞춤 식단정보 제공 시스템과는 차별적으로 본 연구는 개인 맞춤형 기능성 식품을 추천하기 위해 비만 관련 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) 정보를 활용하였다. 본 연구를 위해 GWAS (Genome-wide association study) 분석을 수행하여 한국인 특이적인 비만 관련 SNP을 발굴하고, 이를 활용하여 유전적 정보를 입력하여 SNP genoype-phenoype 정보에 따른 맞춤 식단옴을 추천하였다. 또한 USDA (The United States Department of Agriculture) 식품 정보를 활용할 수 있도록 식품 통합 Database를 구축하여 식단 추천에 적용하였다. 그 결과, 표현형 정보 BMI (Body Mass Index)는 정상 수치를 가지고 있으나, 비만 관련 SNP 정보를 가지고 있는 샘플은 유전적 비만 위험도를 나타내어 식이관리가 필요하다는 정보를 확인하였으며, 관련 식품 정보를 제공하였다. 따라서 표현형에 따른 비만에 관한 정보와 유전형 정보가 일치하는 것은 아니며, 이는 표현형적 정보만을 이용한 비만 관리 식이 추천에는 한계가 있음을 의미하며 이러한 결과는 비만외 다른 성인병들에도 적용이 필요하며 이를 위해서는 표현형-유전적 통합정보를 기반 한 맞춤식이 추천이 필요함을 나타내었다.

제조업의 환경오염방지지출과 노동수요 (Pollution Abatement Costs and Labor Demand in Korea Manufacturing Industries)

  • 황석준;강만옥
    • 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.893-921
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구는 1992년~2002년 기간 동안 한국 제조업의 환경오염방지활동이 노동수요에 미치는 효과를 제조업 노동수요함수 추정을 통해 확인하여 보았다. 추정에 있어서 전통적인 의미에서의 생산기술과 생산 과정에서 발생하는 환경오염물질을 방지하는 기술에 따른 노동수요효과를 식별하는 문제가 제기되었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 Morgenstern et al. (2002)이 제안한 방식을 원용하였으나 Morgenstern et al. (2002)의 방식 역시 생산기술과 오염물질발생 간의 내생적인 문제를 해결하기에는 적합하지 않았다. 따라서 고정효과 모형의 이단계 추정방식(fixed effect IV estimation)을 통해 환경오염방지기술에 따른 노동수요 변화 효과를 식별하였다. 추정결과를 보면 1992년~2002년 기간 동안 우리나라 제조업의 환경오염방지활동은 노동수요를 증가시켜 왔으며 특히 우리나라 제조업의 환경오염방지비용이 총생산비의 1% 내외를 차지하여 왔음을 고려할 때 동 기간 동안 환경오염방지활동은 기업의 생산 활동에 큰 부담은 아니었음을 노동수요 변화를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 전통적인 노동수요변화의 요소인 실질임금과 생산량 변화에 따른 노동수요효과보다는 환경오염방지활동에 따른 노동수요변화효과가 상대적으로 작은 것으로 나타났다. 향후 환경오염방지비용이 총생산비용에서 차지하는 비중의 관점에서 적절한 노동수요를 유지하기 위한 환경오염방지활동비용의 범위를 알아보는 것은 좋은 연구주제가 될 것이다.

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노인장기 요양시설 종사원의 서비스 지향성 결정요인에 관한 연구 (Determinant Factors of Service Orientation for Human Resources of Long Term Care Facility)

  • 이성덕;황용철
    • 산경연구논집
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    • 제9권10호
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    • pp.39-50
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - This study is to propose discriminative management strategies to long-term care facilities based on the empirical analysis after reviewing the effects of social support, perceived by long-term care facility employees, to service orientation. Research design, data, and Methodology - The research model designed social support, job stress, organizational commitment, and service orientation. The survey collected data from 453 customers in a long-term care facility in jeju. The SPSS 18.0 package was used for analysis. Results - First, social support for long-term care facility employees has a negative(-) effect to job stress. Test results, social support factors except appraisal support had a negative impact on job stress. Second, social support has a positive(+) effect to organizational commitment. Test results, informational support, tangible support and appraisal support had significant effects on organizational commitment. However, emotional support had a positive impact on affective commitment and normative commitment. Third, social support has a positive(+) effect to service orientation. Test results had a positive impact. Fourth, job stress has a negative(-) effect to organizational commitment. In the test results, employee's continuance commitment and normative commitment had significant negative effects in job stress. However, affective commitment had no significant impact. Fifth, job stress has a negative(-) effect to service orientation. Test results showed a negative impact. Conclusions - The study implies the following. First, that there should be a change in the social perception of long-term care facilities. 'Long-Term Care Insurance for The Elderly' was enacted to emphasize this responsibility for the elderly problems as a new system. Enactment of this Act was expected to improve the quality of life of the people by stabilizing the elderly life and reducing the burden of families. Therefore, long-term care facility system should be as efficient as possible for making plans for systematic and organizational support. Second, the efforts of facility managers to minimize job stress of employees is necessary. Accordingly, performing spontaneous work is required for a comfortable working environment and management. Third, the systematic education and training to employees for service oriented behavior of the facility will be required in the long term.

청구보증상 지급메커니즘에 따른 실무상 유의점 (A Study on the Payment Mechanism of Independent Guarantee -focusing on matters that the relevant parties involved should know-)

  • 오원석;김필준;이운창
    • 무역상무연구
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    • 제46권
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    • pp.133-158
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    • 2010
  • Independent guarantee is a creation of the need from the both sides, i.e. the applicant (principal debtor) and the beneficiary (creditor). The former used to have to deposit cash in favor of the beneficiary in case of his default, which laid a burden on his liquidity while the latter still wanted to have the equivalent to cash. Independent guarantee satisfied the both parties by freeing the applicant of a deposit and maintaining the beneficiary's right at the same time. The fact that independent guarantee has three payment mechanisms is not widely known to the public. They are (i) payment on first demand, (ii) payment upon submission of third-party documents, (iii) payment upon submission of an arbitral or court decision. From the applicant's point of view, the order in his favor is (iii), followed by (ii) and (i). As there shouldn't be a case where one party is at a disadvantage against the other, useful insight is being sought for the benefit of the applicant. First, the applicant can offer his intention to provide a payment mechanism (ii) or (iii) rather than (i) if he must deliver it. Second, if the beneficiary still wants to have (i) and the applicant is in a position not to reject it, the latter should thoroughly check any provisions that may work against him later. Third, the applicant could use counterbalancing provisions in underlying contract to cope with protective clauses in the guarantees. Forth, the applicant should review the beneficiary's sincerity to prevent unfair calling risks. The applicant may use an ECA(Export Credit Agency) in his country to which he can transfer not only unfair calling risks, but also political risks. On the other hand, a bank needs to keep the following advice in mind. The foremost important thing for the bank not to forget is that it provides a guarantee as a service provider, not as a responsible party for the feasibility of the project, etc. Credit risk of the applicant should require the greatest attention when issuing a guarantee: the bank should look into the possibility that it can procure immediate reimbursement from its customers after payment to the beneficiary. Second, the applicant's ability to complete the project should be reviewed by checking its track records, techniques and reputation, etc. Third, the bank may also use an ECA to cover the beneficiary's unfair calling risks as well as political risks. In the case of Korea, as Korea Export Insurance Corporation(KEIC) can cover all the risks mentioned above, the bank could use its service called 'Export Bond Insurance.' What's better for the bank is that ECA cover can enhance the bank's asset quality by putting it zero on its risk weighted asset.

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지하공동구 활성화를 위한 관련규정 체계 개선에 관한 연구 (A Study on The Improvement of Related Regulation System for The Utility Tunnel Activation)

  • 오원준;조중연;이민재
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제21권8호
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    • pp.563-571
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    • 2020
  • 공동구의 설치 목적은 반복굴착 방지, 재해·재난 예방 등이나 국내 공동구는 신도시 개발 계획에 포함되어 건설되었으며, 현재 기관별 의견 충돌 및 재원 조달의 문제로 공동구 설치는 어려운 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 신도시 및 기존 시가지의 공동구 활성화 개선방안 제시를 위하여 단계별 절차를 기준으로 연구를 진행하였다. 먼저 공동구 관련법 및 현황 조사를 수행하였으며, 현황에 대한 검토 및 분석을 기반으로 문제점을 도출하였다. 마지막으로 문제점 해결을 위한 개선방안을 제시하는 방법을 적용하였다. 관련법과 문제점을 기반으로 공동구 설치의무규모 선정을 위하여 최근 개발사업(도시개발, 택지개발, 도시재생) 현황을 분석하였으며, 공동구 설치의무규모 200만㎡ 이하에서의 경제적 타당성 분석을 통하여 적정 규모를 검토하였다. 신도시 및 기존시가지를 고려하여 공동구 추가설치지역 및 점용기관의 부담 경감을 위한 관리비 지원사항을 제안하였다. 또한 공동구 설치지역 검토를 위해 기본계획 등에 관한 세부 사항에 대하여 개선방안을 제시하였다. 본 논문은 향후 지역의 공동구 계획 및 설치 시 이해관계자의 원활한 업무 수행에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

수사 환경이 탐정 합법화 인식에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Investigation Environment on the Perception Toward Legalization of Private Investigation)

  • 김상운
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제20권9호
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    • pp.187-194
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    • 2020
  • 이 연구는 경찰 수사 환경이 탐정 합법화 인식에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위한 연구로서, 연구의 완성도를 높이기 위하여 현직경찰로부터 설문조사를 실시하여 얻은 데이터를 통계적 기법으로 분석하였다. 경찰 수사 환경이 탐정 합법화 인식에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 경찰 수사 환경을 구성하고 있는 "장기미제 사건으로 인한 업무부담"이 높을수록 탐정 발전가능성을 높게 보고 탐정 시장을 긍정적으로 인식하며, 퇴직 후 탐정업체에 재취업하고자하는 의지가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, "형사사건 외 수사"로 인한 어려움이 많을수록 탐정 발전가능성을 높게 보고, 탐정업체에 재취업하고자하는 의지가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 "전문분야에 대한 수사의 한계"로 인한 어려움이 많다고 생각하는 경찰관일 경우 탐정의 발전가능성과 탐정 시장에 대하여 긍정적으로 바라보는 것으로 나타났다. 경찰의 수사 환경이 탐정 합법화에 유의미한 결과를 나타내고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과가 나타난 것은 경찰이 수사하는 범죄의 양적·질적 난이도가 높아짐에 따라 전문적이고 장기간 수사가 가능한 탐정제도 도입의 필요성을 증명하고 있다. 이를 바탕으로 탐정 도입에 활용 할 수 있기를 기대해 본다.

여대생이 지각한 부모의 양육태도 (Woman College Students' Perception of Their Parent's Child-rearing Attitudes)

  • 김영희;김신정
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.309-322
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    • 2003
  • Purpose: This study was carried out to show the parental child-rearing attitudes perceived by daughters(woman college students), who were in the process of pursuit of resonable values, ethics and preparing for marriage and settling down, and another purposes were to help them to have positive attitudes toward their child-rearing in the future and set up preliminary parenting education program. Method: The subjects were 120 woman college students who were freshmen to junior in one university in Seoul. Using the self-report questionnaire, data were collected from December in 1999 to March in 2000. The contents which subjects wrote down were categorized by content analysis method. Result: 1) The age range of subjects were 19-25 years old and main rearer was mother(85.84%). 2) The perception of parent's child-rearing by subjects were revealed 555 statements and then tied together 50 themes: 'emphasizing on studying hard'(8.3%), 'doing by oneself'(5.6%), 'sternness'(5.2%), 'respect of personality'(4.5%), 'eagerness'(4.0%), 'humanity education'(4.0%), 'moderating in daily living'(4.0%), 'propriety education'(3.8%), 'sacrificing for children'(3.6%), 'expectation'(3.2%), 'concerning'(3.1%), 'parent-centered'(3.1%), 'giving a free hand'(2.9%), 'sharing with'(2.9%), 'consideration'(2.7%), 'over-protectiveness'(2.3%), 'hostile attitude' (2.2%), 'corporal punishment'(2.2%), 'expression of parental love'(2.0%), 'encouragement'(1.8%), 'family-centered' (1.8%), 'treating fairly'(1.6%), 'offering live experiences'(1.6%), 'exacting obedience'(1.62%), 'exemplary parental role' (1.6%), 'sexual discrimination'(1.6%), 'cooperation'(1.4%), 'giving favors'(1.4%), 'indifference'(1.4%), 'understanding' (1.3%), 'confidence'(1.3%), 'intimacy'(1.3%), 'pursuit of health'(1.3%), 'warm-hearted'(1.1%), 'stinginess'(1.1%),'broad-mindedness'(0.7%), 'granting'(0.7%), 'interfering'(0.7%), 'reproach'(0.7%), 'distinction of sex in household affairs'(0.7%), 'help'(0.5%), 'preparing for the future'(0.5%), 'disregarding'(0.5%), 'making environment'(0.4%), 'bringing up a child personally' (0.4%), 'comparing'(0.4%), 'religious life'(0.4%), 'good deed'(0.4%), invasion of privacy' (0.2%), 'controlling desire'(0.2%). 3) 50 themes were categorized by 18 categories once more: 'control' (13.2%), 'crazy for education'(12.3%), 'endeavoring'(8.6%), 'autonomy'(8.5%), 'home education'(7.7%), 'esteem' (6.67%), 'support'(6.67%), 'pursuit of healthy daily life'(5.6%), 'earnestness'(5.4%), 'disregarding personality'(5.4%), 'emotional bonding'(3.2%), 'imposing a burden'(3.2%). 'inhospitality'(3.1%), 'acceptance'(5%), 'discrimination'(2.3%), 'mature parenthood'(1.8%), 'strengthening family tie'(1.8%), 'psychological intimacy'(1.1%). 4) On the basis of this study, 3/5 of subjects(61.2%) perceived their parents had mature and autonomous child-rearing attitudes, and on the other hand 2/5(39.5%) of them perceived controlling, just forcing to work harder and personally disregarding attitudes. Conclusion: So we need to offer them nursing implementation such as preliminary parenting education program and parenting consulting like to strengthen positive perception and help improving in realistic, developmental child-rearing attitudes.

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지역사회 간호 서비스 전달 체계 모형 개발 -가정방문서비스를 중심으로- (Development of Community Health Nursing Service Model: - Based on the Visiting Nurses Project in Seoul, Kyonggi, and Kang-won Area-)

  • 김성실
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.361-374
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    • 2001
  • This study was done to identify a status of home visiting project as a community health nursing system, that was the organization. personal who have age, educational background, marital status, position, experience of the home visiting in the public sectors in part of Seoul. Kyonggi, Kang-won area, It was done to provide basis data for the development of effective visiting nurses project in the health sectors, where was Health Centers in urban and rural. Branch of Health Center in rural and Health posts. The question airs were distributed 352 public health workers who working place was 118 health workers in 12 health centers in Seoul. 56 public health workers among 39 health center and other public health sectors in Kyonggi and 178 public health workers among health center and health care sectors. Data collected from October to December. 2000. The analysis by SAS system with F test, percentage and frequency. The major result were as follows. The general characteristics of the respondent show that most of them were graduates from community college and RN-BS with broadcast that they had not completed CPHN course but only two health workers have trained for the visiting nurses project. As for their grade in the position, the most of health workers have seventh level and the other CHP were above sixth level in the health care post that in the government structure. This indicates that workers do not have great authority in decision making, the most period of works in the position was one and two years indicating that they change jobs frequently. On an average their clinical experience was 4.11 years which is ideal for the total service. As for preparation of staff for home visiting workers education on visiting nurses program have to receive short term or longer term training course for strong emphasis. The analysis showed that public health visiting workers responds about active job performance that based on an area, approach of acting by districts, education and position are shown statistically significant difference between acceptance of the visiting nursing job show the same as well as visiting nurses project. Special concerns for visiting Nursing care spread came to burden, many of activity carry out main solution is covered the health problem connective support system needs of quality and quantity which out health problem. As 71.1% of visiting health service held on the poor population was under the guardianship of the law, but people who health insurance wide application under law shown a tendency to increase gradually. The general characteristics of the patients showed 56.2% of female on average of age was 66.1 years old, they have health problem was the most of 47.6% of high blood pressure and stroke, the other and as a problem that economics, which is complex welfare with out health problem. Community health care service should be combined health and social work program. The form of delivery of visiting health care given the most guide and education with counselling and support. (33.6%) Among the six category of visiting care service shown statistically significant difference and next is fundamental care, remedy care with priority.

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암 환아 부모의 경험에 대한 질적 연구 (The Experience of Parents Whose Child is Dying with Cancer)

  • 조영숙;김수지
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.491-505
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    • 1992
  • The purpose of this research was to understand the structure of the lived experience of parents of a child terminally ill with cancer The research question was “What is the structure of the experience of parents of a child terminally ill with cancer\ulcorner” The sample consisted of 17 parents of children admitted to the cancer units of two university hospitals in Seoul. The unstructured interviews were carried out from October 10, 1991 through January 10, 1992. They were audio-recorded and analysed using Van Kaam's method. Parents ascribed the cause of the cancer to the mother's emotional imbalance during pregnancy, the mother's stress, failure to observe religious rites, food, the parent's sin, misfortune and pollution. The theme clusters were tension, fear and depression experienced during pregnancy, stress that children suffer from abusive parents, failure to observe religious activites, bad luck, and sins committed during a previous life. When the child suffered a recurrence of cancer, the parents experienced negative emotions, nervousness, sorrow. depression and death. The theme clusters were feelings of despair, helplessness, regret, guilt, insecurity, emptyness and apathy. The long struggle with cancer resulted in the loss of economic security, loss of psychological and physical well being, and social withdrawal. The theme clusters were the economic burden of medical cost, giving up treatment, debt, limited medical insurance coverage and blood transfusion. The loss of psychological well being included stress, lack of support systems, inability to carry out responsibilities, lack of trust of the medical ten family breakdown, inappropriate expression of emotion and not disclosing the diagnosis to the child. Physically the parents suffered fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, loss of weight, dizzness, headache, psychosomatic symptoms, and increased consumption of liquor and cigarettes. Social withdrawal was manifested by taking time off from work to look after the child, decrease of outside social activities and feelings of isolation. Influences on family life were spousal conflicts, negative response of siblings, separation of the family members and economic hardship. The theme clusters were blaming a spouse for the cause of the illness and disagreements, maladjustment, lonliness, hostility and depression of siblings. The high price of medical care over the long period was a major factor influencing the life of the family. Positive experiences during the child's long illness were the strengthening of support systems and religious beliefs and financial help from social organizations. The support of one's spouse primarily helped to overcome the stress of the long illness. In addition, support was received from parents of other children with cancer and from nurses and religious leaders. The nurse, by providing empathetic support, should be a person with whom parents can express their feelings and share their experiences.

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왜 과학교사가 되려하는가? -우리나라 예비과학교사들의 교직 선택 동기- (What Factors Affect Pre-service Teachers in Choosing Teaching Science as Career?: Teaching Motivations of Pre-Service Science Teachers in Korea)

  • 이봉우;김희경
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.123-133
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 예비 과학 교사들의 교직 선택 동기요인과 만족도를 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해 우리나라 11개 대학의 예비과학교사 815명을 대상으로 설문을 수행하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 교직 선택 동기 설문지는 Richardson과 Watt(2006)의 연구에서 개발된 FIT(Factors Influencing Teaching Choice)를 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 우리나라 예비 과학 교사들의 교직 선택에 가장 크게 영향을 미친 것은 내재적 직업 가치였으며, 그 다음은 과거의 교수학습 경험과 사회적 기여에 대한 동기에 대한 응답 비율이 높아 외재적 가치보다는 내재적 동기와 이타적 동기가 높은 것으로 나타났으나 기존 연구결과에서 나타난 다른 나라들의 평균보다 낮았다. 한편, 자신이 교직에 적합한 능력을 갖고 있다는 응답 비율이 낮거나, 교직은 전문성이 요구되며 어려움이 요구된다는 응답비율이 높아 교직에 대한 자신감은 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 교직선택에 대한 만족도를 살펴보면, 평균 5.36으로 대체적으로 만족하는 것으로 보이나, 호주, 미국 등의 응답 평균에 비해서는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 성에 따른 차이로는 교직 선택에 대해 남자 예비 교사들은 자신이 교직에 적합한 능력을 갖고 있기 때문에 택하였다고 응답한 비율이 높은 반면 여자 예비 교사들은 타인의 영향이 더 컸다고 인식하고 있었다. 또한, 여자 예비 교사들은 남자들보다 교사직무의 행정적, 감정적 어려움 등의 직무부담을 크게 느끼고 있었다. 마지막으로 교직 선택에 대한 만족도와 가장 높은 상관관계를 보인 동기는 내재적 직업 가치였다. 따라서 예비교사들의 내재적/이타적 동기를 높일 수 있는 방안이 필요하며 성별 차이에 따른 차별화된 접근이 요청된다.