• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2002

Architectural space consists of the interior and the exterior. The layout and form of architectural space has a great variety of characters by region and culture. In other words, it can be understood which has a priority between the interior and the exterior in developing the layout and the form of architectural space. Belonging to the culture area of Chinese characters with Korea, Japan has maintained its own identity. It has an identity in the layout and form of architectural space as well. Therefore, the architecture and architectural theories of the two countries were compared and analyzed with priority given to the traditional architecture extending to the contemporary architecture, also the backgrounds of architecture and architectural theories of two countries were examined in this study. This study shows that each country has different characters in how to introduce nature, how to expand space and how to compose windows, including the view of nature and the cult of space. As a result, the space in Korean architecture has relatively the exterior-oriented character but in Japan architecture spatial character is interior-oriented. The interior-oriented character can be relevant to the word ‘reduction’ and the exterior-oriented character to ‘extension’ after all. Also it can be thought that each character has a great relation with climate and idea of people in power

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.1317-1329
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• 2000

The advanced techniques for video processing and computer graphics enables a sign language education system to appear. the system is capable of showing a sign language motion for an arbitrary sentence using the captured video clips of sign language words. In this paper, a method is suggested which generates the frames between the last frame of a word and the first frame of its following word in order to animate hand motion. In our method, we find hand locations and angles which are required for in between frame generation, capture and store the hand images at those locations and angles. The inbetween frames generation is simply a task of finding a sequence of hand angles and locations. Our method is computationally simple and requires a relatively small amount of disk space. However, our experiments show that inbetween frames for the presentation at about 15fps (frame per second) are achieved so tat the smooth animation of hand motion is possible. Our method improves on previous works in which computation cost is relativey high or unnecessary images are generated.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.52-57
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• 2022

In this study, keywords from representative online portal sites such as Naver, Google, and Youtube were collected based on text mining analysis technique using Textom to check the changes in metqaverse after COVID-19. before Corona, it was confirmed that social media platforms such as Kakao Talk, Facebook, and Twitter were mentioned, and among the four metaverse, consumer awareness was still concentrated in the field of life logging. However, after Corona, keywords from Roblox, Fortnite, and Geppetto appeared, and keywords such as Universe, Space, Meta, and the world appeared, so Metaverse was recognized as a virtual world. As a result, it was confirmed that consumer perception changed from the life logging of Metaverse to the mirror world. Third, keywords such as cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency, coin, and exchange appeared before Corona, and the word frequency ranking for blockchain, which is an underlying technology, was high, but after Corona, the word frequency ranking fell significantly as mentioned above.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.441-448
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• 2019

Previous researches on automatic spacing of Korean sentences has been researched to correct spacing errors by using n-gram based statistical techniques or morpheme analyzer to insert blanks in the word boundary. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end automatic word spacing by using deep neural network. Automatic word spacing problem could be defined as a tag classification problem in unit of syllable other than word. For contextual representation between syllables, Bi-LSTM encodes the dependency relationship between syllables into a fixed-length vector of continuous vector space using forward and backward LSTM cell. In order to conduct automatic word spacing of Korean sentences, after a fixed-length contextual vector by Bi-LSTM is classified into auto-spacing tag(B or I), the blank is inserted in the front of B tag. For tag classification method, we compose three types of classification neural networks. One is feedforward neural network, another is neural network language model and the other is linear-chain CRF. To compare our models, we measure the performance of automatic word spacing depending on the three of classification networks. linear-chain CRF of them used as classification neural network shows better performance than other models. We used KCC150 corpus as a training and testing data.

• Archives of design research
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• no.18
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• pp.15-23
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• 1996

Interior is composed of void spaces decided by many substances and the function of the spaces which creat its valuation. Accordingly interior space makes peculiar forms by synthesizing each interior elements and its abstractness. Therefore characteristic of the expressed word and symbolic system become interior wholeness. The focus of this paper is to analyze interior words and the symbolic systems scientifically. The content is composed of 5 major parts. The 1st and 2nd chapter deal with Introduction and the Characterization of Interior Design. Linguistic symbol and metaphor which decide Post-Modern interior style were studied in the 3rd chapter. In the 4th chapter. this paper analysed linguistic character of interior words which need to express character of tradition. decoration, and publicity, expccially through code and metaphor. Finally Thematic I-louse library interior space designed by Charles Jencks was linguistically researched as a study model.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between conceptual metaphors of affect and physical dimensions. Background: The evidence that affect is unconsciously linked to physical dimensions(e.g., position and color) has been obtained in western cultures. However, in eastern cultures, especially, in Korea, it has been seldom tested. It is indispensable to examine whether or not cultural differences exist for better understanding of the conceptual metaphors. Method: 50 positive and 50 negative words were adopted from previous studies in order to determine the relationship between physical domains and abstract affect. Three hypotheses were tested in this study: (1) Good is up. (2) Good is bright. (3) Good is right(for right-handers). The automatic association between valence(positive vs. negative) and vertical position (up vs. down) was investigated in experiment 1, in which 100 words were randomly presented on either the top or the bottom of a LCD screen and the evaluation time of the presented word was recorded. The unconscious association between valence and color(white and black) was examined in experiment 2, where each word was randomly presented in either white or black. Lastly, we tested whether right-handers tend to associate rightward space with positive ideas and leftward space with negative ideas. Results: Reaction time was faster when words were presented in metaphor congruent domains(e.g., 'positive words on the top, in bright color, and on right space vs. negative words on the bottom, in dark color, and on left region) than when they were shown in metaphor incongruent domains. Conclusion: The results might give the groundwork for various directions in further understanding perception, emotion, and behavior. Application: This study may provide useful points to GUI designers and service developers if further studies enhanced in validity and reliability are followed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.43-54
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to clarify the transition and terminology of sanitary spaces in Korean houses, based on the analysis of novels. The resets are as follows. The sanitary space huts been developed in all aspects including locations and facility levels. Duikan, Pyunso, Tongsi, Whajangsil, and Yoksil were the terminology of sanitary space that appeared often in the novels. Before 1930, the word most frequently mentioned was Duikan. Whajangsil and Yoksil appeared shortly between 1930-1750. Duikan, Pyunso, and Tongsi were presented again between 1950-1970. Whajangsil and Yoksil were substituted for most other words after 1980. Other than the usual function of sanitary space, these areas also used as hiding spaces and places where one could observe others secretly. The sanitary spaces in most novels were located behind kitchens, nearby fences or stables and were typically unpleasant places with a messy dung tub, no lighting system, and a shed-like construction.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2022

Dependency parsing is a decision problem of the syntactic relation between words in a sentence. Recently, deep learning models are used for dependency parsing based on the word representations in a continuous vector space. However, it causes a mislabeled tagging problem for the proper nouns that rarely appear in the training corpus because it is difficult to express out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words in a continuous vector space. To solve the OOV problem in dependency parsing, we explored the proper noun embedding method according to the embedding unit. Before representing words in a continuous vector space, we replace the proper nouns with a special token and train them for the contextual features by using the multi-layer bidirectional LSTM. Two models of the syllable-based and morpheme-based unit are proposed for proper noun embedding and the performance of the dependency parsing is more improved in the ensemble model than each syllable and morpheme embedding model. The experimental results showed that our ensemble model improved 1.69%p in UAS and 2.17%p in LAS than the same arc-eager approach-based Malt parser.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1096-1101
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• 2005

An efficient method of estimating the spatial gaps between the connected components has been prposed to separatethe individual words from a handwritten legal amount on bank check. Owing to the inherent problem of underestimation or overestimation, the previous gap measures have much difficulty in being applied to the legal amounts that usually include the great shape variability by writer's unconstrained writing style and touching or irregular gaps between words by space limitation. In order to alleviate such burden and improve word separation performance, we have developed a modified version of each distance measure. Through a series of word separation experiments, we found that the modified distance measures show a better performance with over $2-3\%$ of the word separation rate than their corresponding original distance measures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2015

Bag of visual words(BoVW) is one of the image classification and retrieval methods, using feature point that automatical sorting and searching system by image feature vector of data base. The existing method using feature point shall search or classify the image that user unwanted. To solve this weakness, when comprise the words, include not only feature point but color information that express overall mood of image or texture information that express repeated pattern. It makes various searching possible. At the test, you could see the result compared between classified image using the words that have only feature point and another image that added color and texture information. New method leads to accuracy of 80~90%.