• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.500-505
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• 2015

The Sejong Electronic(machine readable) Dictionary, which was developed by the 21 century Sejong Plan, contains a systematic of immanence information of Korean words. It helps in solving the problem of electronical presentation of a general text dictionary commonly used. Word sense disambiguation problems can also be solved using the specific information available in the Sejong Electronic Dictionary. However, the Sejong Electronic Dictionary has a limitation of suggesting structure of sentences and selection-restricted nouns. In this paper, we discuss limitations of word sense disambiguation by using subcategorization information as suggested by the Sejong Electronic Dictionary and generalize selection-restricted noun of argument using Korean Lexico-semantic network.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.393-420
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• 2015

The expectation and confirmation emerging as one of problem-solving strategies in the elementary school is a strategy that does not limited in the elementary school but used in the middle and high school. This strategy inevitably requires a process of adjustment that affected by the earlier expectation. Such an adjustment raised expectation and confirmation to one of effective problem-solving strategies. The adjustment is especially important to carry out the strategy effectively. The aim of this study was to conduct basic research on cognitive characteristics appearing to students when they carried out the expectation and confirmation strategy. We investigated and analyzed this in term of adjustment of expectation. To do this, we examined 50 5th graders' response in three kinds of word problems and interviewed with 4 participants who is using the expectation and confirmation strategy. The interview was conducted by using the items or solutions used in the test. From this, we tried to check students' cognitive characteristics and recognition on it's value. Furthermore we proposed the pedagogical implications associated with these results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.485-496
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• 2011

The aims of this article are analyzing the job of healthy family supporter for culture work and understanding their core and development competency. As a result, the primary job of healthy family supporter for culture work is planning culture and volunteer work with family program, their core competencies are understanding of daily life and culture, interpersonal skills, creative thinking, problem-solving and social skills and development competencies are planning and evaluation program, word processing skill, creative thinking and problem-solving.

• School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.445-468
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• 2012

This study is tried in order to link informal arithmetic reasoning to formal algebraic reasoning. In this study, we investigated elementary school student's non-formal algebraic reasoning used in algebraic problem solving. The result of we investigated algebraic reasoning of 839 students from grade 1 to 6 in two schools, Korea, we could recognize that they used various arithmetic reasoning and pre-formal algebraic reasoning which is the other than that is proposed in the text book in word problem solving related to the linear systems of equation. Reasoning strategies were diverse depending on structure of meaning and operational of problems. And we analyzed the cause of failure of reasoning in algebraic problem solving. Especially, 'quantitative reasoning', 'proportional reasoning' are turned into 'non-formal method of substitution' and 'non-formal method of addition and subtraction'. We discussed possibilities that we are able to connect these pre-formal algebraic reasoning to formal algebraic reasoning.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.26-32
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• 2016

An autonomous car(driverless car, self-driving car, robotic car) is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input. Autonomous cars can detect surroundings using a variety of techniques such as radar, lidar, GPS, odometry, and computer vision. Advanced control systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and relevant signage. Autonomous cars have control systems that are capable of analyzing sensory data to distinguish between different cars on the road, which is very useful in planning a path to the desired destination. An issue tree, also called a logic tree, is a graphical breakdown of a question that dissects it into its different components vertically and that progresses into details as it reads to the right.Issue trees are useful in problem solving to identify the root causes of a problem as well as to identify its potential solutions. They also provide a reference point to see how each piece fits into the whole picture of a problem. Using Issue-Tree menthods, transportation safety policies were developed with autonompus vehicle in mind.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.335-353
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and types of errors in the conceptual image of Korean language learners according to the types of terms in mathematics that are the basis for solving mathematical word problems, and to prepare basic data for effective teaching and learning methods in solving the word problems of Korean language learners. To do this, a case study was conducted targeting four Korean language learners to analyze the specific conceptual images of terms registered in curriculum and terms that were not registered in curriculum but used in textbooks. As a result of this study, first, it is necessary to guide Korean language learners by using sufficient visualization material so that they can form appropriate conceptual definitions for terms in school mathematics. Second, it is necessary to understand the specific relationship between the language used in the home of Korean language learners and the conceptual image of terms in school mathematics. Third, it is necessary to pay attention to the passive term, which has difficulty in understanding the meaning rather than the active term. Fourth, even for Korean language learners who do not have difficulties in daily communication, it is necessary to instruct them on everyday language that are not registered in the curriculum but used in math textbooks. Fifth, terms in school mathematics should be taught in consideration of the types of errors that reflect the linguistic characteristics of Korean language learners shown in the explanation of terms. This recognition is expected to be helpful in teaching word problem solving for Korean language learners with different linguistic backgrounds.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1303-1309
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• 2014

In this paper, we present an iterative learning control (ILC) framework for tracking problems with predefined data points that are desired points at certain time instants. To design ILC systems for such problems, a new ILC scheme is proposed to produce output curves that pass close to the desired points. Unlike traditional ILC approaches, an algorithm will be developed in which the control signals are generated by solving an optimal ILC problem with respect to the desired sampling points. In another word, it is a direct approach for the multiple points tracking ILC control problem where we do not need to divide the tracking problem into two steps separately as trajectory planning and ILC controller.The strength of the proposed formulation is the methodology to obtain a control signal through learning law only considering the given data points and dynamic system, instead of following the direction of tracking a prior identified trajectory. The key advantage of the proposed approach is to significantly reduce the computational cost. Finally, simulation results will be introduced to confirm the effectiveness of proposed scheme.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.205-224
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• 2017

A model method has been known as the main characteristic of Singaporean elementary mathematics textbooks. However, little research has been conducted on how the model method is employed in the textbooks. In this study, we extracted contents related to the model method in the Singaporean elementary mathematics curriculum and then analyzed the characteristics of the model method applied to the textbooks. Specifically, this study investigated the units and lessons where the model method was employed, and explored how it was addressed for what purpose according to the numbers and operations. The results of this study showed that the model method was applied to the units and lessons related to operations and word problems, starting from whole numbers through fractions to decimals. The model method was systematically applied to addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division tailored by the grade levels. It was also explicitly applied to all stages of the problem solving process. Based on these results, this study described the implications of using a main model in the textbooks to demonstrate the structure of the given problem consistently and systematically.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.3680-3692
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to orient users' touchpoints in co-design experience, to identify their need via visualized experience map, to recommend valid design information in online e-customization services. A user-centered co-design experience map (UCEM) is adopted to analyze the relation between users' desire and time spent, so as to evaluate the online co-design experiences. Based on evolutionary algorithm and fuzzy theory, data of this study is collected from 30 participants. The data was analyzed by descriptive analysis in SPSS, and frequency query and word cloud in NVivo. Employing design category and evaluating users' time spent, the findings are that (a) vamp color matching is consistent with interview data; (b) supported by qualitative feedback, the virtual experience map played an important role in the co-design process and the visualized interaction process; and (c) participants prefer to get more information and professional help on color matching and exterior design. Based on the findings in design category, future work should be focused on developing a better understanding of design resource recommendations and multi-stakeholder communication.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.5
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• pp.127-137
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• 1996

In this paper, an algorithm for on-line rightward japanese parsing is proposed. The ambiguity in on-line parsing is accumulated until the input is completely finished, since there is not a space between words in the japanese sentence. Thus the algorithm for morphological analysis, based on modified chart, is used in solving it. And the number of searching a word in dirctionary for morphological analysis is also a puzzling problem. The japanese sentence, consist of N characters, has logically its maximum number of N(N+1)/2 searches in the ordinary on-line analysis, which is nearly twice as many as normal off-line. In this paper, the matter is settled through the modification of dictionary format. In experiment, we can accomplish the rate of analysis which is nearly equal to that of off-line parsing. And it becomes clear that the longer a sentence is, the better an analysis efficiency is.