• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the critical features of Word of mouth (WOM) advertising and their impact on sport consumer behavior. Research design, data, and methodology: Target population of the study consisted of all sports consumer of the Federation of Special Patients and Organ Transplantation, Tehran (Iran), who had indirectly watched the World Organ Transplant Competition documentary at least once on others' advice. For this purpose, 360 sports consumers of the federation were purposefully selected and they were asked to complete the standard WOM advertising questionnaire of Asda and Ko. Pearson correlation coefficient test and modeling of structural equations were performed using Spss24 and Smart PLS software at an error level of 0.05 used to analyze the data. Results: The findings show that there is a significant relationship between experience and expertise, trust and validity, content richness, and the power of message transmission through WOM advertising and its predictability. Finally, interpersonal relationships and work involvement also had a moderating role in this regard. Conclusions: The general conclusion is that the components of WOM advertising as well as involvement and homophily with the mediating role directly as one of the presuppositions for persuasion. The sports consumer was promoting WOM.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2021

The paper investigates the factors that affect the decision of young Chinese consumers to buy high-end cosmetics. The study is based on the responses obtained by questionnaires from 400 respondents in Guangzhou, China. The information was collected and classified on the basis of gender, occupation, age and education in order to understand the main characteristics of the sample in a better way. The purposive, convenient and quota sampling techniques of non-probability sampling method were used. Besides this, the predictive test was carried out with 30 respondents to ensure the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. The data was put to descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis in order to verify the hypotheses. The data revealed that, while brand awareness does not affect the consumer attitude about the high-end cosmetics, other factors like product involvement, perceived quality, subjective norm, and word-of-mouth have significant effect on consumer's attitude and consumers' intention about high-end cosmetics. The findings of the study show that subjective norm, perceived value, word-of-mouth, and consumer attitude of cosmetic products highly affect consumers purchase intention of high-end cosmetic products. The research paper helps to form concrete and effective marketing strategy based on various aspects of consumer behavior for high-end cosmetics in China.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2022

Purpose: Mothers determines all household requirements and decides almost all their related things. The purpose of this study was to examine several independent variables on customer loyalty among mothers in The Asian Parents Indonesia community. The independent variables include advertising on Instagram, brand image, word-of-mouth, community cohesiveness, while the dependent variable is purchasing decisions. Research design, data, and methodology: This quantitative study uses a survey method for the Asian Parents Indonesia community members, listed on its website. The population of this community was recorded at 1,310, with a sample of 135 respondents. Data processing is done by using Structural Equation Model using Smart-PLS software. Results: Variables that significantly affect purchasing decisions and customer loyalty are word-of-mouth,summarized in a testimony, advertising on Instagram, and brand image. However, community cohesiveness does not affect customer loyalty to a brand. Conclusion: The results of this test propose significant implications for developing the relationship between baby toiletries producers and customers through word-of-mouth testimonials and advertisements on Instagram while community cohesiveness in maintaining customer loyalty using a brand is not influential, but interactions that occur within the community become a reference for mothers to choose a baby toiletries product.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.51-69
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• 1999

This study investigates a theoretical background to find the effects of antecedents on postpurchase dissatisfaction behavior. To test hypotheses empirically, 209 questionnaires were collected from customers of Korean retailers in Pusan. The results can be summarized as follows. First, the perceived likelihood of successful complaint, the perceived value of complaint, attitude toward complaining has a direct influence on voice. However, controllability has no significant effect on voice. Second, the controllability has a direct effect on exit but perceived value of complaint has no significant effect. Third, no variables have direct effects on negative word-of-mouth. These findings may reflect the fact that negative word-of-mouth is different from voice and exit in terms of dimensions of postpurchase dissatisfaction behavior.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2020

Studies related to Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) show that the acceptance of eWOM information is an important factor in customer purchase decisions. When consumers accept eWOM information, they tend to use that information in considering before making purchase decisions. In Viet Nam, there are few studies about eWOM information, especially on the acceptance of eWOM information. Research is conducted to test the influence of consumers on the perception of the senders' identity to the acceptance of online reviews (a kind of eWOM) in Viet Nam - a case study in Ho Chi Minh City. Using adjustment techniques, inspecting the scales and a theoretical model represent the relationship among the influential factors. The research is based on a sample of 522 consumers who use the Internet to search for product reviews before buying and used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the relationships among the variables. The research results show that the scales of the variables: Message Quality, Source Credibility, Perceived Message Usefulness, Perceived Senders' Identity, Perceived Message Credibility, Message Acceptance attain the validity and reliability in the research. The research contributes to the understanding of the determinants that influence the acceptance of eWOM information, which are informational factors, and factors related to consumer skepticism.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2009

This study investigated vocabulary learning strategies used by EFL middle school learners in Korea and examined the relationship between the middle school learners' vocabulary learning strategy (VLS) use and their vocabulary proficiency level. One hundred and forty-one students in a public middle school participated in the study and the data for this study were collected from a vocabulary learning strategy questionnaire and a vocabulary proficiency test. Based on the result of the vocabulary proficiency test, the participants were divided into three proficiency groups: high-, mid- and low- level proficiency groups. The overall findings of the study revealed that the participants used cognitive strategies most frequently and social strategies least frequently. The most frequently used individual strategies were 'using a bilingual dictionary,' 'studying the sound of a word' and 'practicing words through verbal repetition.' The least frequently used ones were 'interacting with native speakers' and 'studying or practicing the meaning of a word in a group.' The research results also showed that the vocabulary proficiency level has a significant influence on the vocabulary strategy use. The more proficient learners used vocabulary learning strategies more actively. More specifically, the high proficiency level group used metacognitive strategies the most. The middle and low proficiency groups used cognitive strategies the most. It is suggested that language teachers should facilitate the vocabulary learning process by helping learners develop appropriate strategies.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between degenerative changes in brain [i.e., global cortical atrophy (GCA), medial temporal atrophy (MTA), white matter hyperintensities (WMH)] and neurocognitive dysfunction in Korean patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods A total of 62 elderly subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease were included in this study. The degenerative changes in brain MRI were rated with standardized visual rating scales (GCA or global cortical atrophy, MTA or medial temporal atrophy, and Fazekas scales) and the subjects were divided into two groups according to the degree of degeneration for each scale. Cognitive function was evaluated with Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K) and several clinical features, including apolipoprotein E ${\varepsilon}4$ status, lipid profile and thyroid hormones, were also examined. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were performed to analyze the relationship between the degree of cerebral degeneration and neurocognitive functions. Results Demographic and clinical features, except for the age, did not show any significant difference between the two groups divided according to the degree of cerebral degenerative changes. However, higher degree of GCA was shown to be associated with poorer performance in verbal fluency test, word list recall test, and word list recognition test. Higher degree of MTA was shown to be associated with poorer performance in Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean Version of CERAD Assessment Packet (MMSE-KC), word list recognition test and construction praxis recall test. Higher degree of white matter hyperintensities was shown to be associated with poorer performance in MMSE-KC. Conclusions Our results suggest that severe brain degeneration shown in MRI is associated with significantly poorer performance in neurocognitive tests in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, the degree of GCA, MTA and white matter hyperintensities, represented by scores from different visual rating scales, seems to affect certain neurocognitive domains each, which would provide useful information in clinical settings.

• 아동학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.243-257
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• 2000

This empirical test of the efficacy of the literature-based reading instruction was conducted with 63(31 male and 32 female) 2nd grade elementary school children. Subjects in the experimental group had 40-45 minutes literature-based reading instruction twice weekly; those in the control group had only basic text reading. Procedures included a pilot study, pre-test, experimental period, and post-test. Research instruments included the Basic Learning Skill Test(Park et al., 1988), the Qualitative Reading Inventory(Leslie & Caldwell, 1990), and the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey(Mckenna & Kear, 1990). Data were graded and scored by each research question and then analyzed with a t-test of differences between the groups. The experimental group showed higher word recognition, text comprehension, and story grammar strategies than the control group. They also showed more improvement in each of these categories than the control group.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.573-582
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• 2013

본 연구는 과학 시간에 사용되는 과학 용어에 대한 학생들의 머리 속 의미 구조를 알아보고, 이를 토대로 과학 수업의 효과를 높일 수 있는 방안을 찾고자 실시되었다. 본 연구에서는 중학교 '힘과 운동' 단원에서 지속적으로 사용되고 있는 과학 용어 26개를 추출하여 316명의 중학교 학생들을 대상으로 단어 연상법을 실시하였다. 그 결과 학생들은 주어진 과학 용어에 대하여 매우 발산적인 의미 구조를 가지고 있었으며, 교사의 의도와는 다른 의미로 해석하는 경우도 있었다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 학생들이 익숙하지 않은 용어들이 추출되었다. 여학생보다 남학생들이 과학 용어들에 덜 익숙한 것으로 나타났으며, 학교에 따라서도 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 과학 수업의 효과를 높이기 위해서는 과학 용어를 사용할 때 용어의 의미를 명확하게 설명하는 등의 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2013

디지털 포렌식에서의 로그 데이터는 사용자의 과거 행적에 대한 추적을 목적으로 대용량의 형태로 저장된다는 특성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 대용량의 로그 데이터를 단서가 없이 수동으로 분석하는 절차는 조사관들에게는 어려운 일이다. 본 논문에서는 포렌식 분석을 하는 조사관들에게 믿을 만한 증거를 추천하기 위하여 대용량의 로그 집합으로부터 해킹 흔적을 추출하는 텍스트 마이닝 기술을 제안한다. 학습 단계에서는 훈련 로그 집합을 대상으로 전처리를 한 후, Apriori 알고리즘을 이용하여 침입 흔적 연관 단어를 추출하고, 신뢰도와 지지도를 병합하여 각 연관단어의 침입 흔적 확률을 계산한다. 또한, 침입 흔적 확률의 정확도를 높이기 위하여 스팸 메일의 여과에 사용된 Robinson의 신뢰도 계산 방법을 이용하여 확률에 가중치를 추가하며, 최종적으로 침입 흔적 연관 단어 지식 베이스를 구축한다. 테스트 단계에서는 연관 단어 지식 베이스를 기반으로 테스트 로그 집합에 대해 피셔(Fisher)의 역 카이제곱 분류 알고리즘을 적용하여 침입 흔적 로그일 확률과 정상 로그일 확률을 계산하고, 이를 병합하여 침입 흔적 로그를 추출한다. 추출된 로그를 조사관에게 침입 흔적이 있는 로그로서 추천한다. 제안한 방법은 비구조화된 대용량의 로그 데이터를 대상으로 데이터의 의미를 명확하게 분석할 수 있는 학습 방법을 사용함으로써 데이터의 모호성으로 인해 발생하는 정확도 저하 문제를 보완할 수 있으며, 피셔의 역 카이제곱 분류 알고리즘을 이용하여 추천함으로써 오분류율(false positive)을 감소시키고 수동으로 증거를 추출하는 번거로움을 줄일 수 있다는 장점을 갖는다.