• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.300-305
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• 2005

Tree-ring chronologies can be used to date historical buildings and furniture by matching them with the chronologies of living trees or previously dated samples. Tree-ring dating gives a calender year to each tree ring and produces the felling dates of logs or woods which had been used for buildings. In Korea, several chronologies of Japanese red pine(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.,'sonamu' in Korean), a major species for the wooden building materials, have been developed and used for dating historical buildings. Daejojeon of Changduck Palace is known to be reconstructed in A.D. 1920 after burned-out in A.D. 1917. Instead of new woods, Daejojeon was reconstructed by reusing the woods of Kyotaejeon in Kyungbok Palace. We sampled total of 26 wood samples which were replaced during the repair process of Daejojeon in 1995. Felling dates of the samples were determined by the dendrochronological crossdating method. Crossdating method employs graphic comparison of the master patterns (ring-width plots of living trees or known dates) with those of the sample chronologies of unknown dates. The cutting dates of Daejojeon woods were divided in two groups. One was the late 1860s and the other 1880s. The results confirmed that Kyotaejeon was reconstruced first in the A.D 1860s and then in late 1880s after burning out in 1876.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.107-113
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to suggest the materials for developing the new house style by analysing the space characteristics of wood frame houses in suburbs of Seoul. For this, we analysed 45 drawings(site plan, floor plan, elevation, section) that were designed by MICHOO, WOOD-LAND, STUGA and CHOWONJUTECK company etc. The space design characteristics that we found are as follows; 1. The wood is fragile to humidity. Therefore this characteristic is especially considered in designing the space of bathroom and utility room. 2. It is the merit of wood frame house that inner space can be designed variously by using spilt-level and the slope of roof. 3.The public space and private space are completely separated in most cases and the stair is located in the middle of house. This structure of house is short of horizontal openness. Instead, most houses gets vertical openness by making second floor on the living room opev. 4. In wood frame house as the rural house, the outer space is well used by setting up deck and balcony. The outer spaces like deck and balcony are usually used as a part of life space in connected with living room, dining room, master bed room and family room. 5. The public spaces like kitchen, living room, dining room and family room are considered so important in design that those are arranged in front in order to have good outlook and directiov.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.311-318
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• 2012

This study investigated the flame retardant performance of developed four types of flame retardant chemicals (FRC), FRC-A, B, C and D. Four kinds of soft wood species, Sugi (Cryptomeria), Spruce (Picea abies), Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), were used. The wood specimens were treated by spreading the FRC on the surface with different quantities, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 g/$m^2$, respectively. The charred area, charred length, after flame time and after glow time were tested. And their suitabilities as incombustible materials were evaluated. The specimen treated by FRC-D showed better incombustible properties than others, even though with lower quantity. Therefore it is supposed that the FRC-D could be able to be applied on the cultural heritage, such as Korean wooden house for preventing fire.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.687-699
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• 2020

This paper focus on the buckling restrained braces (BRBs) with new casing members (CMs). Seven BRBs with CMs consisting of precast concrete modules (PCMs) were tested to investigate the effects of CMs on the cyclic performance of BRBs. The PCMs consisted of plain and reinforced concrete casted into wooden or steel molds than they were located on the core plate (CP) via bolts. There were 14 or 18 PCMs on the CP for each BRBs. The technique of the PCMs for the CM provides that the BRBs can be constructed inside the steel or reinforced concrete (RC) structures. In this way, their applications may be rapid and practical during the application of the retrofitting. The test results indicated that the cyclic performance of the BRBs was dominated by the connection strength and confinement of the PCMs. The BRBs with PCMs wrapped with fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) sustained stable hysteretic performance up to a CP strain of 2.0 %. This indicates that the new designed BRBs with PCMs were found to be acceptable in terms of cyclic performance. Furthermore, the connection details, isolation materials and their application techniques have been also investigated for the improved BRB design in this study.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.4 no.2 s.8
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• pp.25-44
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• 1995

Bricks are the earliest man-made building materials. Small-size bar bricks were found in use in the Warring States Period(戰國時代) in China. During the Qin(秦) and the Han(漢) Dynasties, brick constructions were built on a larger scale, but most of them were tombs. In case of Korea, bricks were found in use in the Three Kingdoms Period, but also most of them were tombs. Starting from the Unified Silla Period(統一新羅時代), brick gradually became a universal practice to built Buddhist Pagodas with bar bricks. Brick pagodas emergence marked a stage where technological progress made it possible for man to built high-rise brick work, and their dvelopment further perfected masonry technique and enabled building technology to attain new heights. Though from the very start brick pagodas existed side by side with stone pagodas, at the enitial stage they were overshadowed by their wooden counterparts and stone counterparts, because masonry thechiques were then still rather primitive, while woodwork and stonework had already reached a fairly advaced stage. The pagodas in ancient Korea were closely related to the Chinese stupa, which consisted of three parts, namely, the base, the body and the spire. The fact was, soon after the stupas were introduced into Korea, the Korean stupas began to develop features of their own. Korean brick pagodas were made up of a single-storeyed square base, multi-storeyed square body with a small gate, and a steel post with several layers of lotus flower superimposed one on the other.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 1990

Traditional complex joints have used to a wide variety of wooden furniture construction. Dowel joint is the most popular joint s. However design of this joint to meet specified service condition has been hampered by a lack of proven design formulas which can be use to predict their strength. The object of this study is to investigate the withdrawal strength and effect of dowel diameters in wood and wood based materials. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The relationship between withdrawal strength and dowel diameter is found to be linear. 2. Withdrawal strength of medium density fiberboard and Sepetir in end-to-side joints is superior to Antiaris, particleboard and plywood. 3. In end-to-end joints, withdrawal strength of medium density fiberboard is the most superior joint. but Sepetir. Antiaris and plywood have similarly strength and particleboard is inferiority. 4. Withdrawal strength in end-to-end joints of Antiaris and plywood is higher than in end-ta-side joints. But in end-to-end joints of Sepetir. medium density fiberboard and particleboard is similarity in end-to-side joints.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.21
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• pp.485-528
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• 1994

The aim of this study is to analyze biographical records and Meritorious Certification of Jeong In-Kyung. The analysis is made in the respects of : 1) Bibliographical analysis of the (SeoSan Jeongshi GaSeung) 2) Biographical study of Jeong In-Kyung 3) Historical and Political background in the period of king ChungYeul The summary of this study is as follows: 1. The

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was an analysis of the elementary school child's attitude and dangerous factors of play apparatuses n elementary schools. The results were summarized as follows; 1. 53.0% of the reply child thought that play apparatuses were dangerous, and 41.0% of the total reply had experienced accidents by apparatuses, the child under 10 had experienced the accidents manytimes. 2. The types of injuries most frequently occurred are falls from play apparatuses, and part of the body most frequently injured parts of the body are arms and legs. 3. The danger of fall in play apparatuses that is over 3M amounted 19.6%, it asked safety of bottom materials. 4. Destructed play apparatuses reached up to 20.0%, and rusted or decomposed apparatuses reached to 28.4%. 5. The distance of each apparatus were very close ; it was within 0.3~1.5M, which was 24.9%, it was very dangerous factor. 6. The most frequent hazards of educational play apparatuses are ; - inappropriate size of apparatuses(height, gap, thick etc.)- inappropriate shape and finished state(bad welding and cutting, projection part etc.)- unsuitable use of bottom material in playground and safety color.- insufficient use zone.-inappropriate maintenance and inspection(endurance passage, erosin of iron-ware and wooden ware, projection of foundation concrete)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2002

This research is the second attempt to illustrate the phases of ancient Korean architecture through a comparative study of historical materials such as historical ruins, relics, stone remains and art products. Among these the stone stupa (budo), contains many architectural aspects of old times, which give clues to trace the characteristics of the antient Korean structures. The study brings about following results: 1. The pillar employs an entasis technique, and the bracket system (gongpo) consists of cross beams (changbang) and small supporting blocks (soro) thereupon. A type of the bracket arm (chomcha) is also found on top of the pillar. 2. Windows and doors are assumed from the carved features on the stone stupa to be pair-doors which could be folded twice sideways and upwards. 3. There are two types of eaves; the single eaves and the double eaves consisting of a rafter and a flying rafter. 4. The roof has furrows formed by the concave tiles and the convex ones and also the tiles at the edge of eaves. And there are evidences that a variety of small images of animal and human figures were decorated along on top of the eaves.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.36-46
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• 2012

Structure Insulated Panel (SIP) is an wooden structure material with which structure and insulation functions are satisfied. Hence, it would be a cost-effective model to implement low energy house which has higher insulation and structure performance and which the wall thickness is able to be reduced. In this study, performance of thermal insulation and fire resistance were evaluated in order to verify applicability to low energy house. Fire resistance test is performed on vertical load bearing members for partitions, and the test results satisfy one hour of fire resistance condition according to KS F 2257. The members include two layers of fireproof gypsum board with thicknesses of 12.5mm attached to SIP. Thermal insulation performance is satisfied with the 2012 standard ($0.225W/m^2{\cdot}K$). As the performance of resistance and thermal insulation are satisfied, SIP is expected to be applied to low energy building materials. In the future, the structural safety will be confirmed by structural performance and seismic performance test and the guidelines for distribution will be drawn up.