• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.172-180
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is classifying types of American ginseng and estimating their production cost and revenue by the types. Usually, the American ginseng can be classified as 4 different types; wild ginseng(WG), wild simulated ginseng(WSG), woods grown ginseng(WGG), and field cultivated ginseng(FCG). This paper estimates costs and benefits for FCG, WGG, and WSG per acre. The WGG & WSG are produced under the tree at mountain while the FCG is produced at large scale farm with machinery. Annual profit for the FCG is $2,222 while that of the WGG and the WSG are $2,759 and $3,799 per acre. Although quantity produced per acre for the WGG and WSG(600lbs and 160lbs) are much smaller than that of the FCG(3,000lbs), prices per pound for the WGG and WSG($125, 375$) are higher than that of the FCG($24). In addition, production costs for the WGG and WSG are lower than that of the FCG because of the costs for seeds, shadow facility, and chemicals are different by the types of production.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.218-221
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• 2011

To improve the soil properties of physical and microbial community rice bran and wood charcoal were applied in the continuously cultivated plastic film house soil. Soil physical properties were improved by application of rice bran and charcoal compared to chemical fertilizer application (control) by 8~14% in bulk density and 5~9% in soil porosity. Changes in the biological ratio indexes of fatty acids in the soils were detected depending on the inputted materials. Especially in application of rice bran including mixture with charcoal, much more fungi and less bacteria were detected and the ratio of fungi to bacteria was increased, suggesting the more organic carbon metabolically active in these treatments. The high ratio of aerobe to anaerobe suggested the better aerobic conditions were in the soil inputted wood charcoal. From these results, it is important and possible to select some materials for the organic pepper cultivation, which may improve the poor condition soil.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1988.08a
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• pp.129-132
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• 1988

Ginseng is cultivated in Korea. Japan. China. the Soviet Union and North America. Studies of the macroclimate of each of these producing areas shows that ginseng has certain requirements for production. In each producing area the microclimate is modified in different ways. Comparisons of recent research data from North America. Korea and China is presented in order to define. more precisely. the various microclimate requirements for ginseng production. These include studies of light interception as influenced by different shade materials. In North America. wood. woven black polypropylene and knitted polyethylene shade are used. whereas in China. dried grasses are bound together in layers with wire and polyvinylchloride is inserted between the layers. The influence of these various shade materials in terms of crop grow1h and root yield are presented. The major effect of temperature seems to be on root growth. During much of the growing season optimum temperatures for root grow1h are not reached. Growth analysis data for different age plants are being used to show the effects of different soil temperature regimes on distribution of dry matter between the shoot and root.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to survey the levels of heavy metals in perennial root vegetables and to assess dietary exposure and risk to the Korean population health.METHODS AND RESULTS: Perennial root vegetables (n=214) including Panax ginseng C.A mayer, Woodcultivated ginseng, Codonopsis lanceolata, and Platycodon granditloum were collected from markets or harvested from farmhouse in Korea. Lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd) and arsenic (As) analysis were performed with microwave device and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Limit of detection for heavy metals were 0.010~0.050 μg/kg, while limit of quantitation were 0.035~0.175 μg/kg. The recovery results were in the range of 76~102%. The average contents of heavy metals in perennial root vegetables were in the range of Pb 0.013(Panax ginseng C.A Mayer)~0.070 (Wood-cultivated ginseng) mg/kg, Cd 0.009(Panax ginseng C.A Mayer)~0.034(Codonopsis lanceolata) mg/kg, and As 0.002(Panax ginseng C.A Mayer)~0.004(Plafycodon grandiflorum) mg/kg, respectively. For risk assessment, daily intakes of heave metals were estimated and risk indices were calculated in comparison with reference dose. The dietary exposures of heavy metals through usual intake were Pb 0.070 μg/day, Cd 0.041 μg/day and As 0.008 μg/day, taking 0.03%, 0.08% and 0.0003% as risk indices, respectively.CONCLUSION: The risk level for Korean population exposed to heavy metals through intake of perennial root vegetables was far low, indicating of little possibility of concern.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.432-437
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to select regional distinctive Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Gangwon Inland Mountains Area. It was considered as NTFP Pine mushroom, Raw Oak Mushroom, Chestnut, Pinenut, Acorn, Resin, Cultivated Mountain Ginseng, Fernbrake, Chinese bellflower, Lance asiabell, Angelica, Aster scaber, Sap, Wood Vinegar. Regional weight, item weight and forest products quotient were used for the selection of NTFP. Forest products quotient was an application of Location Quotient that is used Input-Output analysis. As a result, Chestnut was selected in Chuncheon. Raw Oak Mushroom was selected in Wonju and Pyeongchang. It was selected Pinenut in Hongcheon, Lance asiabell in Hoengseong and Hwacheon, Acorn in Cheorwon, Aster scaber in Yanggu and Sap in Inje.