• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2003

유기ㆍ자연농업 등 환경친화적 농업을 수행하는 농가에서 많이 사용하고 있는 목초액의 화학성과 작물생육에 대한 반응을 검토하여 유기ㆍ자연농업자재의 효율적인 이용방안에 대한 기초자료를 얻고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 목초액의 화학성을 조사한 결과 비료적 가치는 크지 않았다. 특히 농가에서는 일반적으로 사용되는 500∼1000배 목초액은 별도의 비료자원을 사용하지 않고 전적으로 목초액에 의존할 경우 정상적인 작물생육에 요구되는 양분을 충족시키기는 근본적으로 어려울 것으로 사료된다. 목초액 농도를 달리한 조건에서 토마토 유묘의 생육 및 양분 흡수형태를 조사한 결과 500배 희석까지 목초액처리 농도가 높을수록 뿌리 생육량은 증가하였으나 지상부 생육은 억제되었다. 또한, 뿌리와 경엽 중의 양분흡수는 음이온인 질산태 질소와 인산 흡수량이 현저히 감소하는 반면에 양이온인 K, Ca, Mg, Na의 흡수량은 증가하였다. P-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid 및 acetic acid를 농도를 달리하여 처리하고 토마토 유묘를 재배한 결과 뿌리의 생육은 chlorogenic acid 또는 ferulic acid 처리로 증가되었고, ferulic acid의 경우 저농도인 10-4M에서는 지상부 및 지하부의 생육이 모두 양호하였다. 따라서 목초액을 시용할 때 도장이 억제되고 건전한 작물생육이 유지된다고 주장하는 것은 목초액 시용에 따른 작물의 지하부 생육향상에 기인한 것으로 판단되었다. 페놀물질간의 상승작용 및 길항작용에 따라 작물생육에 대한 효과는 다를 수 있으므로 다양한 종류의 페놀물질이 포함된 목초액을 작물재배에 사용할 경우 효과발현 정도는 상이할 것으로 사료된다. 한편, 목초액은 사용방법 측면에서 경엽처리 보다는 토양관주 방법으로 영농에 이용하면 작물의 근활력 증진 및 작물생육을 조절할 수 있는 대체농자재로서 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop wood pots for create Optimum environment of plant growth using unused wood. to prove this, we examined the effects of cycle of water supply and nutrient concentration in wood pots on plant germination rate and growth factors (leaf number, stem diameter and length). The results are as follows. 1) The growth rate was higher at once of 2 days watering period. This suggests that the growth of the plants was better than that of the less water because the larch pots itself has the water retention capacity inside. 2) Germination rate and growth rate were better than other treatment groups when the concentration of nutrient solution was 0.5%. 3) Nitrogen, available phosphoric acid, and potassium showed higher contents than the nutrient - treated soil at 0.5% concentration of nutrient solution. This indicates that the nutrient solution absorbed from the larch affected the soil and plant growth in the inside.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
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• pp.127-131
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the characteristics of standing crop biomass, production and nutrient content of dead bole in mature ecosystem, we surveyed the dynamics of decaying bole of old-aged deciduous forest in 1993 and 2002 in Kwangnung Experimental Forest Station. In addition, we and estimated annual bole production, water content, wood density and nutrient content and compared the results with that of temperate ecosystem. Total dead wood biomass was estimated to be 5.6ton/ha in 1993 and 17.6ton/ha in 2002. Standing dead tree accounted for a total of 1.1ton/ha in 1993 and 4.8ton/ha in 2002, which was 20% and 27% of the sum of dead bole mass in 1993 and 2002, respectively. Annual production of bole biomass was 1.3 ton/ha/yr. These values fall into the low range of dead wood biomass for the mature temperate ecosystems. Tree species composing standing bole was mainly Quercus and Carpinus trees. This bole species composition resembles alive species composition of this forest. Water content of bole increased as positive logarithmically, but wood density of bole decreased as negative exponentially along with the progress of decay. N, P, Ca and Mg concentrations in decaying boles generally increased with decay, except for K. Annual nutrient input via dead bole is 1.6kg/ha/yr for N, 0.04 kg/ha/yr for P. 1.0 kg/ha/yr for K, 1.7kg/ha/yr for Ca and 0.3 kg/ha/yr for Mg, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the characteristics of standing crop biomass, production and nutrient content of dead bole in mature ecosystem, we surveyed the dynamics of decaying bole of old-aged deciduous forest in 1993 and 2002 in Kwangnung Experimetal Forest Station. In addition, we and estimated annual bole production, water content, wood density and nutrient content and compared the results with that of temperate ecosystem. Total dead wood biomass was estimated to be 5.6ton/ha in 1993 and 17.6 ton/ha in 2002. Standing dead tree accounted for a total of 1.1 ton/ha in 1993 and 4.8 ton/ha in 2002, which was 20% and 27$\%$ of the sum of dead bole mass in 1993 and 2002, respectively. Annual production of bole biomass was 1.3 ton/ha/yr. These values fall into the low range of dead wood biomass for the mature temperate ecosystems. Tree species composing standing bole was mainly Quercus and Carpinus trees. This bole species composition resembles alive species composition of this forest. Water content of bole increased as positive logarithmically, but wood density of bole decreased as negative exponentially along with the progress of decay. N, P, Ca and Mg concentrations in decaying boles generally increased with decay, except for K. Annual nutrient input via dead bole is 1.6 kg/ha/yr for N, 0.04 kg/ha/yr for P, 1.0 kg/ha/yr for K, 1.7 kg/ha/yr for Ca and 0.3 kg/ha/yr for Mg, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2009

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the feeding value of wood vinegar in weanling pigs. In Experiment 1, weanling pigs (n = 224; Landrace ${\times}$Yorkshire ${\times}$Duroc, 21${\pm}$3 d-old, initial BW 6.12${\pm}$0.10 kg) were assigned to four dietary treatments. Different levels of wood vinegar were added to the diets as dietary treatments (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%). Each treatment comprised 4 replicates with 14 piglets in each. Experimental feeding was conducted for 28 d in two phases (phase I, d 0 to 14 and phase II, d 15 to 28). Feeding of wood vinegar linearly (p<0.05) improved the phase I, phase II and overall ADG and increased (linear, p<0.05) the overall and phase II ADFI. Linear improvements in the apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.013), gross energy (p = 0.019) and crude protein (p = 0.033) were observed as the level of wood vinegar was increased in the diet of pigs. Experiment 2 was conducted to compare dietary wood vinegar with commonly used growth promoters, organic acid (mixture of 21% phosphoric acid, 3.25% propionic acid, 2.8% formic acid, 10% calcium formate and 5% calcium propionate) and antibiotic (aparamycin). A total of 288 weanling piglets (Landrace ${\times}$Yorkshire ${\times}$Duroc, 22${\pm}$2 d-old, initial BW 6.62${\pm}$0.31 kg) were assigned to four treatments with four replicates (18 piglets/pen) for 28 days and fed in 2 phases: phase I, d 0 to 14 and phase II, d 15 to 28. The dietary treatments were control (corn-soybean meal basal diet without antibiotics) and diets containing 0.2% antibiotic, 0.2% organic acid and 0.2% wood vinegar. Pigs fed antibiotic showed higher (p<0.001) ADG and better feed efficiency followed by pigs fed wood vinegar and organic acid diets while those fed the control diet had lowest ADG and poorest feed efficiency. The overall and phase I ADFI was highest (p<0.001) in pigs fed wood vinegar and lowest in pigs fed the control diet. Apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and crude protein was significantly higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed the antibiotic diet when compared with pigs fed the control but comparable among pigs fed antibiotic, organic acid and wood vinegar diets. Higher populations of Lactobacillus (p = 0.004) were noted in the ileum of pigs fed the wood vinegar diet, while the population of coliforms in the ileum and cecum was higher (p<0.001) in pigs fed the control diet when compared with pigs fed antibiotic, organic acid or wood vinegar diets. These results indicated that wood vinegar could improve the performance of weanling pigs by improving the nutrient digestibility and reducing harmful intestinal coliforms; moreover performance of pigs fed wood vinegar was superior to those fed organic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1995

The anatomy of Korean diffuse-porous woods, 36 families, 75 genera, 145 species, 215 specimens was described and analyzed. Sixteen wood anatomical characters, habit and phenology factors were determined by simple correlation and principal component analysis. Strong positive correlations were found between vessel element length and fiber length, ray width and ray height, simple pits of fiber wall and paratracheal parenchyma distribution. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) disclose the primitive characteristics and the direction of xylem evolution of Korean diffuse-porous woods. The xylem evolution scenario for Korean dicotyledonous woods is considered to be developed in the direction of decreasing trends of vessel frequency, vessel element length, and length/diameter(L/D) ratio of vessel element but increasing trends of vessel diameter, fiber length/vessel element length(F/V) ratio, libriform wood fibers, simple perforation, and homogeneous ray composition. Increase of vessel diameter and decrease of vessel frequency seem to be related to the improvement of conductive efficiency, and increase of the vessel element length and occurrence of scalariform perforation in vessel element may be related to enhanced of conductive safety. Also the libriform wood fibers and ray features appear to have relationship with mechanical support and nutrient metabolism, respectively.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to quantify wood and leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release of a dominant tree species, Tectona grandis Linn. F. in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Rajasthan, Western India. The mean relative decomposition rate was maximum in the wet summer and minimum during dry summer. Rainfall and its associated variables exhibited greater control over litter decomposition than temperature. The concentrations of N and P increased in decomposing litter with increasing retrieval days. Mass loss was negatively correlated with N and P concentrations. The monthly weight loss was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with soil moisture and rainfall in both wood and leaf litter. Tectona grandis was found to be most suitable tree species for plantation programmes in dry tropical regions as it has high litter deposition and decomposition rates and thus it has advantages in degraded soil restoration and sustainable land management.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권spc호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2023

In this study, in order to develop a method to efficiently inject essential nutrients necessary for plant growth into wood chips, which are simply used as soil covering materials in the agriculture, landscaping and horticultural industries, the atmospheric pressure dipping method and the vacuum pressure impregnating method are used to improve the plant nutrients injectability and impregnation amount were comparatively analyzed. Nutrient ingredients and 8 major heavy metal contents of wood chips injected with nutrients were analyzed, and soil covering effects were examined by covering wood chips injected with nutrients on soil. Comparing the dipping method and the vacuum pressure impregnation method, it took about 48 hours or more to inject 1,500 g or more of the nutrient aqueous solution into 1 kg of wood chips in the dipping method, but the vacuum pressure impregnation method could be impregnated in about 5 minutes. Components of the impregnated nutrients were detected in proportion to the diluted concentration. As a result of covering the wood chips developed in this study on soil, they showed weakly acidic pH, and the heat insulation and moisturizing effects during the winter season were evaluated to be superior to those of uncovered soil. In the future, wood chips impregnated with nutrients are expected to contribute to the more efficient use of waste wood resources and the long-term supply of nutrients essential for plant growth, reducing excessive use of chemical fertilizers and reducing costs.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2005년도 국제학술회의
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• pp.158-159
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• 2005

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2018

본 연구는 울산광역시 봉대산 산불 훼손 복원지를 대상으로 토양개량제 처리가 토양층에 매설된 wood stakes의 분해율과 유기 탄소 및 질소 동태에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 산불 훼손 복원지에 식재된 튤립나무, 상수리나무, 왕벚나무, 곰솔 조림지와 미복원지를 대상으로 2015년 3월 토양 0~15cm 깊이에 wood stakes를 매설한 후, 2년 동안 각 1회씩 토양개량제(CLB: 복합비료 + 석회 + 목탄 처리구; LB: 석회 + 목탄 처리구)를 처리하고, 2015년 10월, 2016년 3월, 2016년 10월 채취하여 분해율과 유기탄소 및 질소 농도를 조사하였다. Wood stakes 분해율의 경우 토양개량제 처리구와 대조구 사이에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 유기 탄소 잔존율의 경우 대조구(43.7%), CLB처리구(71.3%), LB처리구(71.6%) 순으로 토양개량제 처리구의 탄소 무기화가 대조구에 비해 낮게 나타났다. Wood stakes 내 질소 잔존율의 경우도 대조구가 29.7%로 LB처리구 52.6%에 비해 낮아 탄소 무기화율과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 산불 훼손 복원지에 토양개량제 처리는 wood stakes의 탄소 및 질소 무기화를 지연하는 것으로 나타났다.