• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2023

Background: Fearful and anxious patients who find dental treatment intolerable without sedative and analgesic support may benefit from moderate sedation. Target controlled infusion (TCI) pumps are superior to bolus injection in maintaining low plasma and effect-site concentration variability, resulting in stable, steady-state drug concentrations. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of moderate sedation with remifentanil and propofol using TCI pumps in non-hospital dental settings. Methods: A prospective chart review was conducted on 101 patients sedated with propofol and remifentanil using TCI pumps. The charts were completed at two oral surgeons and one general dentist's office over 6 months. Hypoxia, hypotension, bradycardia, and over-sedation were considered adverse events and were collected using Tracking and Reporting Outcomes of Procedural Sedation (TROOPS). Furthermore, patient recovery time, sedation length, drug dose, and patient satisfaction questionnaires were used to measure sedation effectiveness. Results: Of the 101 reviewed sedation charts, 54 were of men, and 47 were of women. The mean age of the patients was 40.5 ±18.7 years, and their mean BMI was 25.6 ± 4.4. The patients did not experience hypoxia, bradycardia, and hypotension during the 4694 min of sedation. The average minimum Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and heartbeats were 75.1 mmHg and 60.4 bpm, respectively. 98% of patients agreed that the sedation technique met their needs in reducing their anxiety, and 99% agreed that they were satisfied with the sedation 24 hours later. The average sedation time was 46.9 ± 55.6 min, and the average recovery time was 12.4 ± 4.4 min. Remifentanil and propofol had mean initial effect-site concentration doses of 0.96 µ/.ml and 1.0 ng/ml respectively. The overall total amount of drug administered was significantly higher in longer sedation procedures compared to shorter ones, while the infusion rate decreased as the procedural stimulus decreased. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, no patients experienced adverse events during sedation, and all patients were kept at a moderate sedation level for a wide range of sedation times and differing procedures. The results showed that TCI pumps are safe and effective for administering propofol and remifentanil for moderate sedation in dentistry.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-27
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• 1995

One of the important tasks for new parents, especially mothers, is to establish warm, mutually affirming interpersonal relationships with the new baby in the family, with the purpose of promoting the health development of the child and the well-being of the whole family. Nurses assess the quality of the behavioral characteristics of the maternal-infant interaction. The purpose of this longitudinal descriptive correlational study is to investigate the changes of the mother - infant interactions from postpartum 1 day to postpartum 8weeks of the transition to parenthood. The aim was to contribute to the development of theoretical under standing on which to base care toward promoting the quality of maternal - infant interaction. Data were collect ed directly by the investigator and at rained from Jul, 1, 1990 to Jun 8, 1991, Subjects were a random sample of 44 mothers, 44 who had a normal delivery (but with out other perinatal complications) at four general hospitals in Seoul. Instruments used were the Stainton Parent-infant Interaction Scale (1981). The first observations were made in the delivery room, followed by day 1, day 2, day 3 and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks after, birth, for a total of 8 contacts. Observations in the hospital were made during the hour prior to scheduled feedings. The infant was placed beside the mother. Later contacts were made at home. Data analysis was don by computer using as SPSS program and included, Paired t-test, t-test and Pearson Correlation coefficient ; the results were as follows. 1. The daily maternal-infant interaction score for the initial contact ofter birth to 8 weeks postpartum had the lowest average score 5.21 and the highest 8.02(in a range of 0-10). This subject group of mothers needed Extra nursing supporting to promote their maternal-infant interaction. 2. The daily scores for the maternal-infant interaction tended to rise, showing a gradual improvement over the period of eight weeks. However, there were significantly different increases in maternal-infant interaction only from the first to second day (p=0.000) and from the fourth to sixth weeks ofter birth.(p=0.000) 3. When the seven items of maternal-infant interaction were evaluated items of maternal-infant inter action were evaluated separately, "Care taking for the baby" had the highest average score, 1.60(in a range of 0-2) and "Speaks to baby" the lowest, 0.8. All items, suggested the subjects' need of nursing intervention to promote maternal-infant interaction 4. There were positive correlations between certain general characteristics, namely, both a higher economic status (p=0.027) and breast feeding (p=0.021) and maternal-infant interaction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3435-3442
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• 2015

Objective : To provide background information for strengthening cervical cancer prevention in the Pacific by mapping current human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening practices, as well as intent and barriers to the introduction and maintenance of national HPV vaccination programmes in the region. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among ministry of health officials from 21 Pacific Island countries and territories (n=21). Results: Cervical cancer prevention was rated as highly important, but implementation of prevention programs were insufficient, with only two of 21 countries and territories having achieved coverage of cervical cancer screening above 40%. Ten of 21 countries and territories had included HPV vaccination in their immunization schedule, but only two countries reported coverage of HPV vaccination above 60% among the targeted population. Key barriers to the introduction and continuation of HPV vaccination were reported to be: (i) Lack of sustainable financing for HPV vaccine programs; (ii) Lack of visible government endorsement; (iii) Critical public perception of the value and safety of the HPV vaccine; and (iv) Lack of clear guidelines and policies for HPV vaccination. Conclusion: Current practices to prevent cervical cancer in the Pacific Region do not match the high burden of disease from cervical cancer. A regional approach, including reducing vaccine prices by bulk purchase of vaccine, technical support for implementation of prevention programs, operational research and advocacy could strengthen political momentum for cervical cancer prevention and avoid risking the lives of many women in the Pacific.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 성인 여성을 대상으로 비만 여부에 따른 영양소 및 식품 섭취의 질을 평가하고, 식사의 질과 비만지표와의 관련성에 대하여 분석하였다. 총 3,565명의 대상자 (정상군 2,841명, 비만군 724명)가 분석에 포함되었고, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1일 총 섭취 열량에서는 정상군이 1,707.81 kcal로 비만군의 1,634.94 kcal에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며 (p = 0.0199), 또한 섭취 열량 1,000 kcal당 영양소 섭취량을 분석한 결과 정상군은 비만군에 비해 탄수화물 (p = 0.0298) 및 나트륨 (p = 0.0169)의 섭취량은 유의적으로 낮았던 반면 칼슘 (p = 0.0261)의 섭취량은 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 칼슘의 경우 정상군에서 권장섭취량 대비 섭취율이 비만군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며 (p = 0.0178), 평균필요량에 미달되게 섭취하는 대상자의 비율은 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다 (p = 0.0152). 영양소별 NAR 및 MAR을 분석한 결과, 정상군에서 칼슘의 NAR이 0.63으로 비만군의 0.60에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며 (p = 0.0158), 영양소별 NAR의 평균치인 MAR의 경우 정상군이 0.80, 비만군이 0.79로 두군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 1일 총 식품 섭취량은 정상군 1,297.36 g, 비만군 1,271.28 g으로 두군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 우유 및 유제품의 섭취량에서 정상군이 비만군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p = 0.0162). DDS는 전체 대상자에서 3.753점으로 나타났으며, 정상군이 3.769점으로 비만군의 3.686점 보다 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p = 0.0253). 또한 전체 연구대상자의 DVS는 30.07개로 나타났으며, 정상군과 비만군 각각 30.41개, 28.63개로 나타나 유의적인 차이를 보였다 (p = 0.0003). 식품섭취와 관련된 식사의 질 지수 (DDS, DVS)와 비만과 관련된 신체계측치 (체질량지수, 허리둘레)와의 관계를 분석한 결과, DVS가 많은 대상자들의 허리둘레 및 체질량지수가 더 낮은 경향을 보였으며 (p for trend < 0.01), 이 결과는 연령, 음주 상태, 신체활동 정도 및 열량 섭취량을 보정한 후에도 같은 양상으로 나타났다 (p for trend < 0.01). 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 비만한 성인 여성의 경우 정상 체중인 여성에 비해 칼슘 섭취 및 유제품 섭취의 질이 유의적으로 낮았으며, DDS 및 DVS가 유의적으로 낮아 다양하지 못한 식품 섭취 양상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고, DVS는 체질량지수 및 허리둘레와 유의적인 음의 관계를 보였다. 따라서 이와 같은 결과를 비만한 성인 여성을 대상으로 한 비만 관리에 적용할 때 고른 영양 섭취를 위해 식품군의 구성, 섭취하는 식품의 가짓수 등 영양균형에 중점을 두어 식사지도를 해야 할 것으로 생각되며, 칼슘 섭취의 질과 비만과의 인과관계를 명확히 분석하기 위하여 한국인을 대상으로 한 전향적인 코호트 연구 및 추가 분석이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.36-53
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• 1987

It is utmostly important to establish the efficient fitable way of peoples' active participation in primary health care especially in the areas where the public or governmental service input for the basic health care is insufficient like as in rural areas of Korea. In light of above reason, this study focused mainly on the evaluation of roles and activities of village health workers (VHWs) who were selected from grass- root level of village people in order to derive further motivation for active participation. This is believed to be a sort of feedback mechanisms. Actually, the authors collected the activity reports of VHWs who had been devoting themselves in the primary health care services of Jeomdong Area, of Yeoju Gun one of Korea University Community Health Action Programmes and survey record on the VHWs activity from correspondent people. 1 hose data were analyzed through computer programmed package. The activities performed by VHWs were limited to the performance in 1985 for conveniance. The summarized results were as follows; 1) General characteristics of VHWs. Among a total of 28 VHWs in the area, about 39.3g of them have been replaced up to the date since the implementation in 1983, because of moving out, occupational employment and of others. The age of majority (75.0%) lied between the range of 30-50, and educational background of 67.9% belonged to category of primary school graduation, about 50% of them experienced to be or were also entiled "chief of women club" of corresponding villages. 2) Work-load of VHWs. Each VHW was assigned for tasks of health care for average 55 households of 248 persons. They shared approximately 6 days a month for the activity in average and it covered 17 cases of basic health care in a month. A half of the VHWs performed home visits irregularly without solidified schedule. 3) Work performance analysis. Informations collected through VHWs were compared with data from official vital registration at local administration center "Myon Office" in 1985. VHWs collected 100.8 of new born, 116.2 of death, 58.3 of move in and 74.8 of move out in comparison with 100.0 of official registration each. Pregnant women of 79.8% of mothers among the total pregnancy of 94 which were confirmed as normally delivered or aborted cases by all means afterwards had been detected by VHWs as being pregnant and all of them received some of antenatal cares by VHWs. All(100%) of delivered women were detected by VHWs through home visits and they were cared postnatally. Whereas, according to the records of birth registration, the places of delivery were clinic in 33.7%, and mother's home in 66.3%, VHWs reported them to be clinic in 48.9%, midwifery in 20.2%. It was cleared that most of misinformation was caused by uncautious filling of birth registration at notification. Among the total of 717 eligible women under age 44 years, family planning status of 92.6% was reported by VHWs confirming practice of control to be 70.8% of reported fertile women. 4) Attitude of VHW on the roles and functions. Although 92.0% of VHWs expressed VHWs to be worthwhile, only 52.0% of them had dignity and satisfaction in their activity and 44.0% of them had passive attitude of working saying they followed direction regardlessly. Concerning difficulties in performance as a VHW, 60.7% of them pointed out lacking of medical and health related knowledge by themselves. Still, 64.0% of them thought visiting unfamilier house to be awful and 40.0% complained forms of activity to be difficult and hard. It was also revealed that 56.6% confessed lack of interest on community health service itself. Most of VHWs needed more educational training especially on clinical fields such as cares of gynecological diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseaes of the aged. Regular on-the-job basic trainings were said to be needed twice a year.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.131-153
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• 2008

전국적 규모의 아동기 성학대의 발생현황과 관련요인을 파악하고자, 본 연구는 전국의 19세 이상 성인 남녀 2,037명을 대상으로 18세 이전의 성학대 경험유무 및 관련변인들을 설문조사하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 표본의 20.8%가 적어도 한 가지 이상의 아동기 성학대를 경험한 것으로 조사되어, 한국 사회에서도 아동기 성학대가 적지 않게 발생하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 성학대 피해에 대한 대응방법으로는 '아무에게도 알리지 않고 도움도 받지 않음'이 모든 유형의 성학대에 있어 가장 주된 대응방법으로 나타났으며, 아동기 성학대 발생과 관련된 요인으로는 아동의 성별, 비행가담 여부, 가구의 경제적 지위, 형제 자매의 수 및 범죄발생이 잦은 지역에의 거주 등이 유의미한 관계를 갖는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구는 최초의 전국조사를 통하여 한국의 성인 다섯 명중 한명은 아동기 성학대 경험을 갖고 있음을 밝혀냈으며, 이와 관련된 다양한 위험요인을 분석하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 한국사회에서 아동성학대 문제의 심각성에 대한 인식을 고취시킬 뿐만 아니라, 아동 성학대 문제에 대한 효율적인 국가정책이나 서비스 개발 등 사회적 개입을 계획 실행하는데 유용한 지침을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.101-114
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of an aquatic exercise program on the shoulder joint function. physical symptom. quality of life and stress among the patients who received modified radical mastectomy between 6 to 12 months prior to their visits. The subjects were 31 women aged between 40 and 60 who visited the out-patient department at Kang Nam St. Mary's Hospital for follow-up care. and were not under the treatment of intravenous cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy. and had no complications. Twelve of them were assigned to the control group. while nineteen subjects to the experimental group. The aquatic exercise program was developed by the author with the assistance of exercise specialists. The program includes warming uP. aerobic and cooling down exercises in water. The aquatic exercise program for the experimental group was carried out 3 times a week with 60 minutes in each time for 8 weeks from September 20th to November 15th. 1995 in a regular swimming pool in Seoul. Changes in the range of motion of the shoulder joint. muscle strength. physical symptom. quality of life. and stress were examined after the completion of treatment. The data were collected through isokinetic muscle strength evaluation and questionnaire survey before and after the treatment. Paired and unpaired t-test were adopted to analyze the data. The results were as follows ; 1. The increment in the range of motion of the shoulder joint in the experimental group after the exercise was significantly greater than those in the control group. 2. The peak torque of shoulder girdle muscles increased significantly after the exercise in the experimental group only. 3. The physical symptom score decreased significantly after the exercise in the experimental group only. 4. The experimental group revealed significantly higher level of quality of life and lower level of stress after the exercise compared with those before the exercise. whereas the control group showed no significant changes in those levels. These findings may indicate that the aquatic exercise program is effective in increasing the range of motion of the shoulder joint and muscle strength and quality of life. and also effective in decreasing physical symptoms. and the level of stress in postmastectomy patients. Accordingly. the acquatic exercise program' can be adopted as an effective nursing intervention for postmastectomy rehabilitation.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2017

본 연구는 젠더와 직업계층의 관점에서 한국과 일본의 불안정 노동시장을 비교분석한다. 기존의 연구들이 불안정 노동을 비정규직 등 고용형태 차원에 국한하여 분석하였다면 본 연구는 고용과 소득의 조합 관점에서 불안정 노동을 재개념화하여 분석하였다. 그리고 노동시장의 불안정성 연구에서 강조되어왔던 여성의 불안정성 뿐 아니라, 직업계층의 관점에서 한국과 일본이 불안정 노동의 특성에 차이가 있는지를 분석하였다. 한국 노동시장의 불안정성을 분석하기 위해 한국노동패널조사 17차(2014년)와 일본의 게이오 가계패널조사의 9차(2012년)자료를 사용하였다. 분석결과 한일 양국 모두에서 노동시장 불안정성의 여성화와 직업계층별 분할을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 서열로짓회귀분석 결과 여성일수록, 60대 이상일수록, 저숙련 서비스 노동자 또는 생산직 노동자일수록 한국과 일본 모두에서 노동시장 불안정성에 직면할 가능성이 높음을 확인하였다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.619-626
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• 2019

본 연구는 광주광역시 북구에 거주하고 생활건강지원센터에서 제공하는 재활프로그램에 참여하고 있는 성인발달장애인으로 참여형 재활프로그램이 성인발달장애인의 앉았다 일어서기, 일어나 걸어가기 및 지각-운동능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 성인발달장애인 17명을 대상으로 참여형 재활프로그램을 13주간 주 1회 60분의 프로그램을 적용하여 중재 전, 후 그리고 12주 후 재측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 앉았다 일어서기 검사에서는 중재 전과 후에 횟수의 증가는 있었지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 일어나 걸어가기 검사에서는 시간에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 사후검증결과 중재 전보다 후에 유의한 효과가 있었다. 지각-운동능력 검사에서는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해보면 참여형 재활프로그램이 기능적 동작과 관련된 동적균형에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 운동조절 및 운동학습과 관련된 지각-운동능력에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 향후 성인발달장애인의 지역사회활동 증가와 낙상의 위험 감소 및 동적 균형능력 향상을 위해 참여형 재활프로그램을 활용하여 신체적 웰빙을 도모할 수 있을 방안으로 제안하는 바이다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.139-145
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• 1998

본 연구는 유자의 다양한 가공 및 이용 방안의 검토를 위하여 유자 부산물인 착즙 후의 과피를 이용하여 유자 oleoresin을 제조하기 위한 적정조건을 설정하였다. 먼저, 용매별(hexane, ether, dichloromethane, acetone, methane의 5종), 혼합 비율별, 추출온도 및 시간별에 따른 oleoresin추출시험 결과, 추출수율과 품질 등의 측면에서 추출용매로서는 methanol과 dichloromethane이 선정되었다. 이 때, 적정추출조건은 methanol을 사용할 경우, 용매첨가비율 1:10 (w/v), 추출시간 2시간, 추출온도 $60^{\circ}C$로 나타났으며, dichloromethane을 사용할 경우는 용매첨가비율 1:10 (w/v), 추출시간 4시간, 추출온도 $20^{\circ}C$의 조건으로 설정되었다. 이상의 적정추출조건에서 열풍 및 동결건조된 유자분말의 추출수율은 methanol을 사용했을 경우는 열풍건조한 시료가 35.79%, dichloromethane을 사용한 경우에는 동결 건조한 시료에서 6.16%로 추출수율이 높게 나타났다. 그리고 GC 및 GC/MS에 의해 향기성분을 분석한 결과, methnol에 의해 추출할 경우에는 총 32개의 성분이, dichloromethane에 의해 추출한 경우에는 총 29개의 성분이 확인되었으나, 향기성분의 종류 및 함량에서 보면 dichloromethane에 의해 추출한 동결건조 시료가 다른 시험조건에 비해 상대적으로 양호하게 나타났다. dichloromethane으로 추출한 동결건조 시료에 있어서의 유자 oleoresin의 주요 향기성분은 terpinene계 탄화수소인 limonene 및 ${\gamma}-terpinene$으로 이 들이 전체의 약 85% 수준으로 가장 많았으며, 그 외에 확인된 향기물질은 ${\alpha}-pinene,\;myrcene,\;terpinolene,\;{\beta}-farnesene$ 및 ${\delta}-elemene$과 같은 hydrocarbon류와 alcohol류인 linalool이며, 확인되지 않은 물질의 peak area는 처리방법에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 약 $2{\sim}3%$ 수준으로 확인되었다.