• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 1992

The sucess of intrauterine inseminations with washed human spermatozoa was evaluated in 92 patients. In according to indication of insemination, intrauterine inseminations of women with hostile cervical mucus yield a 35.3% and 12.8% with male factors and 27.3% with unexplained infertility. In ovulation induction group with variable agents including clomiphen, human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and GnRH analog, the pregnancy rate was 27.8% (22/79) and in natural cycle group, 15.4% (2/13). The fetal loss rate in insemination group was 12.5% (3/24). Multiple pregnancies were 7 cases and ovulation induction were performed in 6 cases among them. Intrauterine insemination with washed human spermatozoa therefore represents an effective and safe procedure selected infertile couples.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the college students' and married adults' perceptions of the current low fertility and their motivations of parenthood. It also verifies the gender differences in the numbers of planned children between male and female college students. The sample population included 100 unmarried undergraduate students and 100 married adults. The measurements included in the questionnaire were based on recommendations from the literature review. The major findings of this study are as follows: Women reported higher levels of traditional-normal and altruistic-emotional motivations of parenthood than men did. College students reported higher levels of motivations of parenthood to strengthen biological family ties than married adults did, while adults reported higher levels of martial bond-strengthening, traditional-normal, and gene-preservative motivations of parenthood than students did. College students attributed the current low fertility to the tight labor market and high costs of childbirth and rearing while married adults attributed to gender-discriminating traditional family norms, increasing infertility, and poor conditions of pregnancy and childbirth. Female and adult respondents took the social problems caused by the current low fertility more seriously than their counterparts did.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

Measurements of ovarian reserve play an important role in predicting the clinical results of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The ideal markers of ovarian reserve for clinical applications should have high specificity in order to determine genuine poor responders. Basal follicle-stimulating hormone levels, antral follicle count, and serum anti-$M{\ddot{u}}llerian$ hormone (AMH) levels have been suggested as ovarian reserve tests that may fulfill this requirement, with serum AMH levels being the most promising parameter. Serum AMH levels have been suggested to be a predictor of clinical pregnancy in ART for older women, who are at a high risk for decreased ovarian response. We reviewed the prognostic significance of ovarian reserve tests for patients undergoing ART treatment, with a particular focus on the significance of serum AMH levels in patients at a high risk of poor ovarian response.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2003

Objective s: To assess the fertilizing capacity using sperm penetration assay (SPA) to predict the outcome of the in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcome. Materials and Methods: Semen samples were provided by 129 patients undergoing IVF. We attempted to correlate the extent of sperm penetration under enhanced SPA protocol with the results of fertilization, cleavage, preimplantation embryo development, and pregnancy. Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between fertilizing capacity and motility, kinetics, fertilization, cleavage and embryo development, and pregnancy rate. By logistic regression analysis, fertilizing capacity was found to be the only variable that was statistically significant with respect to pregnancy rate. Fertilizing capacity, cleavage rate and pregnant rate were significantly higher in pregnant group. However, the fertilization rates was comparable with both group. Conclusions: Lower fertilizing capacity could denote a poorer prognosis for establishing a pregnancy, even after satisfactory fertilization rate is achieved.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.141-145
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• 1996

Habitual pregnancy loss has been defined as three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions. The rate of recurrent pregnancy loss is 2% to 5% of reproducible women. Half of this failure can be explained by genetic, hormonal, infectious, and anatomic factors. And eighty percent of the unexplained failures are proposed to have an immunologic cause. The antiphospholipid antibodies are characterized by prolonged phospholipid-dependent coagulation test (known as APTT or Russel viper venom), thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and fetal loss. The association of antiphospholipid antibodies with one or more of these characteristic clinical features has been termed the antiphospholipid syndrome. We have experienced a case of successful live birth after treated a woman with heparin and aspirin who has experienced spontaneous abortion four times with antiphospholipid antibodies and present it with the review of literature.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3615-3617
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer molecular analysis by linkage analysis has the advantage of facilitating early diagnosis in asymptomatic genetic carriers, with a view to the preventive follow-up of these subjects and genetic counseling. The aim of this study was to evaluate BRCA1 gene D17S855 and D17S1322 markers in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A series of 85 BC patients and 85 unrelated healthy women were recruited for haplotype analysis performed using two short tandem repeat markers located within the BRCA1 gene locus. Each marker was amplified with PCR genomic DNA from each individual and fluorescently end-labeled primers. Results: Both D17S855 and D17S1322 markers included 12 kinds of alleles. Results indicate that most of the BC patients shared two common 121-150 (11.2%, RR=1.56 and p=0.02) and 121-146 (5.6%, RR=1.9 and p=0.02) haplotypes. Conclusions: Our results should be helpful to understand the haplotype phase in the BRCA1 gene and establish a genetic screening strategy in the Iranian population.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2002

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID) is a spectrum of inflammatory disorders of the female genital tract involving at least the endrometrium and may include the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic cavity. Women with PID acutely experience pain and are at risk for sepsis; however, the long-term complications such as chronic pelvic pain, organic changes like chronic salpingitis, adhesions, etc., and the significant increases in ectopic pregnancy and infertility are more important and hard to control. This study is about one patient who has chronic PID with inflammatory pelvic mass. The patient was treated with retention enema therapy which use herbs effective for reducing inflammation, resolution abdominal mass, promoting blood circulation. Also, treated with herbal medication of Danchisoyosan(丹梔逍遙散) and Moxibution at Zhongwan(中脘), Guanyuan(關元). After total treatment for three months, the patient's symptoms are improved and the size of inflammatory pelvic mass is reduced. This results indicates that the combination treatment, especially the retention enema therapy is effective on reducing symptoms of PID and the size of secondary inflammatory organic changes.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.48-64
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• 2002

The primary recognized health risk from common deficiencies in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a cytoprotective enzyme for oxidative stress, is red blood cell hemolysis. Here we show that litters from untreated pregnant mutant mice with a hereditary G6PD deficiency had increased prenatal (fetal resorptions) and postnatal death. When treated with the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin, a human teratogen that is commonly used in pregnant women and causes embryonic oxidative stress, G6PD-deficient dams had higher embryonic DNA oxidation and more fetal death and birth defects. The reported G6PD gene mutation was confirmed and used to genotype fetal resorptions, which were primarily G6PD deficient. This is the first evidence that G6PD is a developmentally critical cytoprotective enzyme for both endogenous and xenobiotic-initiated embryopathic oxidative stress and DNA damage. G6PD deficiencies accordingly may have a broader biological relevance as important determinants of infertility, in utero and postnatal death, and teratogenesis.-Nicol, C. J., Zielenski, J., Tsui, L.-C., Wells, P. G. An embryoprotective role for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in developmental oxidative stress and chemical teratogenesis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Tissue Culture Medium 199 (TCM) and Dulecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) on the blastulation and grade of human oocytes on Vero cells in vitro. A cohort of 79 and 93 oocytes in metaphase II stage were used in TCM 199 and DMEM respectively. No differences were found in the numer of oocytes showing two-pronuclei between TCM (82.3%) and DMEM (86.0%). The number of fertilized oocytes reaching the blastocyst was not significant in TCM (60.0%) and DMEM (63.1%). A total of 89 blastocysts were categorized into the four grades (BG1, BG2, BG3 and early) depending on their morphology. The number of embryos achieving the blastocyst grade 1 (BG1) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in DMEM (50.8%) than TCM (15.0%). It is concluded that cultured oocytes in DMEM with glutamine on Vero cells should be significantly increased BG1.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.194-197
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• 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in reproductive-age women. In 2018, an international evidence-based guideline announced recommendations spanning a wide range of issues on the assessment and management of PCOS. From the 166 recommendations, the present study reviews those that are of particular clinical relevance for daily practice and introduces other relevant studies that have been published since the global guideline. The 2018 guideline increased the antral follicle count cutoff for the diagnosis of PCOS from 12 to 20 when using a high-frequency probe. Hirsutism was defined as having a score of ≥4-6 based on a lower percentile of 85%-90% or cluster analysis, which was lower than the traditionally used 95th percentile-based cutoff. The diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents is challenging, and irregular menstruation was defined carefully according to years from menarche. The use of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of PCOS was restricted to those 8 years after menarche. As medication for non-fertility indications, combined oral contraceptives are the first-line drug. Metformin, in addition to lifestyle modifications, should be considered for adult patients with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m² for the management of weight and metabolic outcomes. An aromatase inhibitor is the recommended first-line medication for ovulation induction, a subsequent individual patient data meta-analysis also reported the same conclusion. Whether the new global guideline will be fully adopted by many specialists and change clinical practice is open to question. Further studies are needed to better understand and manage PCOS patients well.