• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.342-358
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• 2001

The purpose of the study is both to develope the group counseling program applying Reality Therapy, by which positive body image could be conceived by adolescent women, by helping them identify their bodies as what they are, and then admit their real bodies, and also find out some practical methodologies of self-esteem, and to verify the program to show how effectively this program can be applied to them. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires(body image and depression) from 59 high school girls in Seoul who were selected by criteria of this study, from the 1st of September to 10th of November, 2000. The experimental group participated in the group counseling by applying Reality Therapy with 8 sessions for 4 weeks. Descriptive statistics, homogeneity test, hypothesis testing, reliability were performed statistically by utilizing SAS pc program, and additionally the reaction due to the change of body image by adolescent women was also analyzed. The results drawn through the present study are as follows: 1. A hypothesis that 'adolescent women who participated in the group counseling program by applying Reality Therapy may get higher points on body image than adolescent women who did not participated' has been adopted (t=6.73, p=.000). 2. A hypothesis that 'adolescent women who participated in the group counseling program by applying Reality Therapy may get lower points on depression than adolescent women who did not participated' has been adopted (t=5.28, p=.000). 3. After applying the group counseling program, the degree of depression for upper group who obtained higher preliminary points on depression has decreased rather meaningfully more than that for lower group who obtained higher preliminary points(t=5.58, p=.000). 4. Reactions associated with positive change in body image of adolescent women who participated in the group counseling program by applying Reality Therapy has been shown to be body acceptance, enhancement of self-esteem, and change of value judgment of beauty. 5. The difference in the motivation and attitude of each group has been observed, by analyzing the reactions obtained from those who show the highest change of body image and those who show the lowest change of body image through the group counseling program by applying Reality Therapy. According to the present studies, it can be concluded that the group counseling program by applying Reality Therapy has turned out as an effective strategy for nursing intervention for adolescent women, by helping them form positive body images and reducing depression.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.930-942
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate body image perceptions of women about themselves and their preschool children and also to investigate the relationship between these perceptions. Subjects were 545 women and their children (279 boys and 268 girls) residing in Daejeon city. $67.7\%$ of women were classified as normal group, $18.6\%$ as overweight group, and $13.8\%$ as underweight group by BMI. $68.5\%\;and\;78.7\%$ of their boys and girls, respectively, were classified as normal group, $22.4\%\;and\;16.4\%$ as overweight group, $9.1\%\;and\;4.9\%$ as underweight group by WLI. Women made relatively accurate judgments on their current body sizes and selected their body images as the most desirable one. But they preferred plumper figures for their children and failed to perceive their overweight children as overweight. While $74.7\%$ of women wished to be thinner, $81.1\%$ of them wished their children to be fatter. Women spending less then 100 thousand won and more than 500 thousand won as monthly food expenses and having only one child perceived their children's current body sizes the lowest and the highest, respectively. Women wished boys to be fatter than girls. Their current body sizes were correlated positively with the children's current body size (p < .01), and their healthiest, attractive, and 'wish' figures were correlated positively with children's current, healthiest, attractive, and 'wish' figures (p < .05- p < .01). Body size dissatisfaction (wish to be thinner) and BMI of women were correlated negatively with children's healthiest and attractive figures (p < .01). These findings suggest that in order to correct the women's body image misperceptions and to prevent childhood obesity, mother's perception about healthy body images for themselves and their children need to be included in nutrition education. Also, it is necessary to assist mothers to understand the relationship of body size and weight status with the risk of chronic disease which might appear later in their children's life. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $930\∼942$, 2005)

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.743-755
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of the 8-week, 16-session group art therapy program on body image and self-esteem in college women. Method: Data collected by self-reported questionnaires from 58 college women in Inchon who were selected by criteria of this study, from the 6 of March to 10 of May, 2002. The 11 experimental group participated in a 8-week group art therapy program. Descriptive statistics, homogeneity test, hypothesis, and reliability test were performed statistically by utilizing SPSS PC+ 8.0 program. Result: 1. 'The experimental group showed significantly higher scores in body image than the comparison group. 2. No significant differences were found between two groups in self-esteem. Conclusion: The findings showed the possibility of applying group art therapy as an effective intervention for clients with negative body image to improve their body image.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2006

This study was designed to find out how the sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, BMI(Body Mass Index) of adult women affect their body image and body satisfaction. A questionnaire was prepared in the survey and a total of 456 adult women were selected by way of stratified random sampling. The research findings are as follows. The sociocultural attitudes toward appearance were shown in two factors of 'internalization' and 'recognition' The body image was shown in three dimensions of 'care for appearance,' 'concern about weight,' and 'appearance attractiveness'. Internalization, recognition, and BMI affected care for appearance. Concern about weight was affected by internalization, and BMI. Appearance attractiveness was affected only by BMI. Most people were not satisfied with their weight and overall body shape in spite that they in fact had normal or lean figures except 3.3% of the total samples. From the above research findings, adult women's satisfaction with their body was shown high when they were subjectively satisfied with their appearance attractiveness. And the results indicate that adult women are under pressure of socioculturally distorted image of beauty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.704-722
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• 2022

Current studies validate the Body Positive Scale (BP Scale) as a self-assessment instrument that captures four dimensions of the positive body image construct. We developed and evaluated a 17-item BP Scale using two focus group interviews and four independent samples (n = 1,379) of Korean women who completed online survey questionnaires. We generated an initial pool of items via literature review, content validation with experts, and focus group interviews, subsequently refining the items through exploratory analysis (Study 1). We confirmed the BP Scale's underlying dimensions with young Korean female samples (Study 2, Study 4) and with a community sample (Study 3). We also examined the construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability over a six-week interval. Overall, the results supported that the four-factor BP Scale demonstrates adequate validity and reliability in measuring positive body image among Korean women. The BP Scale provides a method for researchers and practitioners to understand and assess individuals' positive body image in a multifaceted manner.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2008

This study investigated the relationships between eating disorder risk, body image perception, weight control, and dietary habits in Korean women. Body shape perception, the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) and dietary habit information were collected by a self-administered questionnaire to 373 adult women and the data were analyzed by the Chi-square test. 31.4% of the women were classified in the eating disorder group by a score of over 20 points on the EAT-26. Compared to the normal group, more women in the eating disorder risk group perceived that a thin body shape was the ideal body shape and were dissatisfied with their body shape. This group was also more interested in weight control and more likely to try weight control methods. The eating disorder risk group was more likely to skip meals and snacks than the normal group. In addition, they had a greater appetite and a higher frequency of overeating than the normal group. Over 30% of the Korean women surveyed were categorized at high risk of eating disorders. They were more likely to overestimate body weight and shape and tried to control their weight by inappropriate methods. To prevent eating disorders in adult women, nutrition education programs should incorporate strategies to change inaccurate self-body image and to disseminate information about healthy weight control methods.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2003

The purpose of this study were to investigate 1) Values placed upon born hereditary appearance and a made up appearance, 2)examined for points of body and clothing and 3)discrepancy in opinions about Coordination system of 3D Virtual Model This study chose qualitative research approach in-depth interviews were from December 12, 2002, to February 20, 2003. The subjects of the study were 12 women aged in twenties 12 women aged over forty. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Women aged in their twenties defined appearance as follows. there are important a made up appearance, Appearance is looking at point of view from body shape to face, makeup, hair style, body image, cosmetic surgery, clothing and is looking at the whole point of view from hair to tiptoe. This seems to include attitude, personality, behavior, images, and feeling. 2. Regarding body image Women aged in their twenties prefer a slender figure. Women aged in their twenties exerts all possible efforts to have an attractive body through dress well. 3. Regarding body image Women aged in their twenties prefer coordinate to system of 3D virtual model.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of women's attitudes toward women's underwear on image-creation efficacy and appearance management attitude. A total of 405 surveys of women working at an industrial complex in the Daegu-Kyoungbuk area were used for data analysis. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings were as follows. The sub-factors of women's attitudes regarding women's underwear were found to be 'aesthetics/body-style compensation', 'ostentation', 'functionality', and 'manner estimation' and the sub-factors of image-making efficacy were 'display confidence', 'face-image confidence' and 'display ability'. Appearance management attitude had factors such as total coordination, weight management, skin management, and pursuit of change. Aesthetics/body-style compensation, functionality, and ostentation, which were sub-variables of attitudes toward underwear, had a significant influence on image-creation efficacy. Aesthetics/body-style compensation and ostentation had significant influences on appearance management attitude. Aesthetics/body-style compensation was found to have a significant influence on all sub-variables of both image-creation efficacy and appearance management attitude.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.740-753
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• 2010

This study analyzes the motives of Korean women for choosing breast augmentation in a cultural and relational context; in addition, it investigates their evaluations after surgery. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 10 Korean women in their 20s and 30s who have received cosmetic breast augmentation. Enlarged and made-up breasts are a form of clothing that symbolizes the socio-economic status of women. In the vertical and individualized Korean society, the desire of women for a fashionable body invigorated the appearance management market. Fashion consumers have passively internalized the ideal body trends as the concept of the ideal body-image, which has been constructed by the social structure, markets, and the media. The analysis was rooted in post-modern feminist perspectives on the female body. The ideal body-image internalization process through the social interactions of participants was the main cultural factor to choose breast surgery. The self-image and conformity/individuality of participant were categorized as relational factors for the motivation to undergo breast surgery. The result showed that after surgery the participants achieved positive feedback from their social relationships. They expressed or hid their socio-economic statuses through their purchased fashion bodies. They also showed higher self-esteem and feelings of satisfaction by pursuing individuality and conformity as a member of society. Moreover, they achieved wider fashion options and greater controls over their public/private/secret clothing choices for certain occasions. Cosmetic breast surgery positively empowered individual women while reinforcing the socially manipulated body ideals that oppress women at the same time. Participants internalized socially constructed values and justified their surgery choices.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.13-26
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the preference of design and body shape for korean baby-boom generation women. For this study, in-depth interviews were carried out to 11 women who were born in 1955~1963. They are called korean baby-boom generation. The results were as follows; 1) Korean baby-boom generation women care to their body shape, and they make much of the balance of body, not just looking slim. 2) Korean baby-boom generation women become more interested in their clothing, and they want to look with casual image than elegant image before. But overweight women preferred elegant image. 3) Korean baby-boom generation women prefer mix-match style for everyday clothes, but they prefer suit-set for formal wear. 4) When Korean baby-boom generation women choose of jacket or coat color, they consider more of their body-shape than season color. 5) Korean baby-boom generation women prefer plain style and jacquard with metal yarn. 6) Korean baby-boom generation women prefer out-door cloth fabric, at special time, they choose pure wool and pure silk. At ordinary time, they like more comfortable fabric like cotton mixed spandex or wool mixed spandex blends.