• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1253-1262
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• 2016

위험률에 변화점이 존재할 경우 위험률 변화점에 대한 추정 정확한 모수 추정을 위해 매우 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 한 개 위험률 변화점이 존재하는 경우 위험률의 변화점 추정량에 대한 비교 연구를 수행하였다. 우도함수에 기반한 모수적 방법인 Matthews와 Farewell (1982) 위험률 변화점 추정량과 Nelson-Aalen 누적 위험률에 기반한 비모수적 방법의 Zhang 등 (2014) 위험률 변화점 통계량을 고찰하여 특성을 파악하였다. 모의실험에서 지수분포를 따르는 생존데이터에 대해 위험률 변화점이 한 개 있는 경우 중도절단이 없는 경우와 중도절단이 있는 경위험률 추정량의 능력을 평균제곱오차를 계산하여 비교하였다. 실제 데이터에 대한 적용으로 백혈병 생존데이터와 원발성 담백증 경화 생존데이터에 대해 위험률 변화점을 추정하고 비교해 보았다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effect of foot-bath on lower extremities edema and fatigue among college students in Korea. Methods: This study used an quasi-experimental design with 56 participants (30 for experiments and 26 for controls). The experimental group performed 20-minute foot bath before sleep three times for one week. All subjects were directed to use their smart-phones to fill out a questionnaire about fatigue. Leg circumference was measured 10 minutes after foot bath. The test was performed from April 30th to May 22th in 2016. Data was analyzed using t-test and $x^2$ test. Results: We found no difference in general characteristics between the experimental group and the control group. Left leg edema of the experimental group decreased by $16.63{\pm}14.57mm$ (p<.001). The experimental group's right leg-edema decreased by $13.10{\pm}13.97mm$ (p<.001). There was no statistically significant difference in their fatigue level when comparing before and after the foot baths. Conclusion: We found that doing foot baths for two weeks could have positive effects in reducing leg-edema among college students. Foot bath may be applied as an effective nursing intervention to decrease leg edema among young people. The results are based on a limited number of study samples and a short-term intervention. Further research can be performed with extended population and a prolonged study period.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.103-118
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• 2012

Although music is one of the most important attributes of broadcasting communications, few studies have examined the relationship between background music and the behavior of audiences, particularly in the context of TV home shopping programs, where purchase decisions are made while watching the show. The objective of this study is to examine whether certain characteristics of music in broadcasting communications can affect the audiences' purchase intentions or behaviors. Unlike previous studies on this issue, this study considers the impulse-inducing capability (IIC) of music as an important variable affecting consumers' purchase intension. A 2×3 (high/low involvement and high/low/no IIC music) between subjects design was used for the experiments in the study. The TV home shopping programs in the high or low involvement condition were identical except for the type of background music: high IIC music, low IIC music, and no music. A total of 188 undergraduate students at a college in Seoul, South Korea participated in the study. Their ages range from 20 to 25 (median age = 22), and nearly 60% were male. Our analysis showed that in the low involvement condition, high IIC music was more likely to have a positive effect on purchase intentions than low IIC (common) music or no music did. Meanwhile, there was not any significant relationship between music and purchase intentions in the high involvement condition. Given that previous studies have provided no clear evidence of the effects of music on consumers' purchase intentions or behaviors, this study makes an important contribution to the literature in this field. The result of this study provides implications to the practitioners in the market, too. Marketers need to reevaluate the value of music used in broadcasting communications and pay more attention to find the right music for their campaigns. Limitations of this study as well as directions for future studies are also discussed.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.191-205
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• 2012

식생활이 다양화되고 편의화 됨에 따라 쌀 소비량은 지속적인 감소 추세를 보이고 있다. 국내의 쌀 소비를 촉진시키고 쌀 수급 불균형을 해소하기 위해서는 주식으로서의 쌀 외에 쌀 가공식품 개발이 필요하다. 그 중에서 술을 이용한 쌀 소비는 다른 쌀 가공식품에 비해 높은 부가가치성을 지니므로 더욱 주목된다. 본 연구는 쌀 품종과 입도의 가공특성을 달리하여 탁주를 제조한 다음 품온, 당도, 알코올 함량, 산도, 아미노산가, pH, 색도 및 관능 등의 품질특성을 살펴본 것이다. 먼저 안다, 하이아미, 추청 세 품종의 쌀가루를 이용하여 무증자법으로 탁주를 제조한 다음 입도별 품질특성을 비교하였다. 모든 탁주 술덧의 품온은 담금 2일 후 최고 온도에 도달하였다. 품종에 따른 차이는 산도와 관능 평가에서만 나타났다. 산도의 경우 안다, 추청, 하이아미 순으로 높게 나타났고, 관능 평가는 추청이 가장 높게 나타났다. 입도별로는 알코올 함량과 산도는 중분쇄 쌀가루 탁주에서 높게 나타났고 담금 직후의 품온, 당도, 아미노산가, pH, 색도, 관능은 초미세 쌀가루 탁주에서 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과 쌀 품종과 입도를 달리하여 제조한 무증자 탁주는 추청 초미세 쌀가루로 담그는 것이 효율적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.387-401
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• 2010

Purpose: The work of Dental technician which is part of national dental health, is more specialized recently. This research provides fundamental data from analyzing student's career consciousness according to needs of a career education. Here is the conclusion of the analysis about student's career consciousness, that is for a right choice of career. Methods: This study did questionnaire to a dental Laboratory Technology student who locate in Taegu. Question response student number was 570 people. Response contents analyzed to 506 people except imperfect questionnaire. Data used windows sas 8.0 program and did descriptive statistical analysis. Results: There is a meaningful difference in what they want to know about an occupation according to ages. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) All ages are similar to their occupational thinking, however they who are under twenties consider working environment. Most motives of an entrance are similar, there is a meaningful difference. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) According to a grade of college, there is a meaningful difference how to obtain informations of a career. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) Sophomores and juniors obtain information from seniors or family, however freshmen obtain from the internet because of an accessibility. There is a meaningful difference of a job meaning between men and women. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) Men are working for a means of living. But women give weight to a self-development. The older they grow, the more they know about their aptitude. Selecting subjects are different choosing time & motive. According to ages and where they are from, there is a meaningful difference how much know about their aptitude. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) Older Students know more than young students. Selecting subjects are different choosing time & motive. In accordance with a grade, ages, and where they are from, there are different degrees about how much know their interests. There is a meaningful difference of a choosing major period and choosing informations. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) And also there is a meaningful difference where they are from and why they enter to College. (${\rho}$ < 0.001) In accordance with a grade, ages, and where they are from, there are different degrees about how much know their aptitude. There is a meaningful difference of a choosing major period. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) And also there is a meaningful difference why they enter to College. (${\rho}$ < 0.001) Conclusion: Although we know that a career education is very important, however lots of students select a career without their aptitude & interest & character. We need to teach a career education systematically; considering students career consciousness, with a proper career guidance, cultivating career consciousness.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.55-88
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• 2014

청소년들의 화장품 사용이 점차 증가하고 있는 현 시점에서 우리나라 청소년들의 화장품 사용실태 및 구매행동에 관하여 분석하였다. 청소년 화장품 시장의 정확한 실태 파악을 통하여 청소년의 니즈를 분석하고, 청소년 화장품 시장의 바람직한 발전 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울거주 남, 녀 중, 고등학생으로 서울 지역의 중, 고등학교 10곳을 선정하여 1092명에게 설문지를 배포하고 1074명의 실증자료를 얻어 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 대다수의 청소년들이 기초화장품을 사용하고 있으며, 색조 화장품의 사용 빈도도 점차 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 화장품을 처음 사용하는 연령도 점차 낮아지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대다수의 청소년들이 여드름으로 고민하고 있으며, 피부고민 해결방법으로는 화장품 사용이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 화장품 구매 장소로는 브랜드샵이 가장 많았고, 제품의 효능, 효과를 구매의 가장 큰 포인트로 삼고 있었다. 청소년들의 화장품 사용에 대한 학교와 사회의 제재와 통제는 여전히 존재하며, 반면에 화장품 사용의 양성화를 원하는 청소년들의 요구는 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 복식
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• 제4권
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• pp.13-24
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• 1981

The color yellow was considered from ancient time to the Chosun Dynasty as the central color. Thus, this color became the royal color for the costumes in the palace. It is generally known to usthat the color yellow was controled in use both for the general public and in the royal palaces. However, in the later part of Chosun Dynasty, the color yellow was used not only for the king's costumes but also used for women's tops and for the linings of clothing. Especially, in some of the costumes that belonged to the later period of the Chosun Dynasty, we can still see lots of bright yellow tops. Also there are many green dyed official robes and various costumes for women. It is a true fact that people could not derive the color green from the plants as they did with yellow. The only way they could make the color green was to mix indigo and yellow together. By repeating the difficult process of making various dyes constantly during many centuries, the Korean people developed the marvelous technique of making natural color. Those plants used to make the color yellow are ; Gardenia, Phellodendron amurense, Turmeric, Coptis, Safflower, Arthraxon hispidus, Styphnolobium japonicum. While synthetic dye causes pollution, natural coloring by plants is as safe and useful as the color itself is lovely. Yet it is tragic to know that this traditional culture of making beautiful natural colors was cut off. There is no way to know today the traditionally correct method to derive colors from the plants. Therefore, it is our aim and challenge to find out the original way to dye and develop it and preserve it as our non-polluted folk art. In regard to natural dyeing, we must say that is very difficult to prepare and preserve natural dyes. In the first place, people had to get the right plants at an appropriate time. Then they could not keep those plants too long. Finally, much depended upon the mordant as well as various conditions and dyeing procedures. All those things influenced greatly the quality of color, some times producing a very pretty color and other times a very dull one. It is very appropriate that the natural dye art should be recognized and appreciated anew by Korea since it provides satisfaction to historical and folk artistic demands as well as to those of fashion conscious modern society for high quality consumption items. We propose two stages of development. The first stage is to explore native dye plants and encourage their cultivation. The second stage is to extract from the plants desirable dye which will enhance national culture.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.991-1000
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze 356 papers included in the Journal of the Korean Society of Dental Hygiene between 2000 when the initial number was issued and April, 2010. The papers involved articles, treatises, theses and dissertations. Methods : According to existing literature related to paper analysis, all the journals were analyzed by year to find out the subjects of the studies, places for data gathering, the presence or absence of research funds supplied, the number of researchers, research methods, methods of data collection, themes and data analysis methods. Results : As for subjects, the largest group of the papers that numbered 69(20.7%) examined dental hygienists, and the second biggest group that numbered 65(19.5%) examined dental hygienists and students. The third greatest group that numbered 47(14.2%) examined patients at dental hospitals and clinics. Concerning places of data gathering, schools(37.1%) were the most common places where data were collected, followed by dental hospitals/clinics(31.6%) and laboratories(7.4%). In terms of research design, research studies accounted for 88.5%, and experimental studies accounted for 11.5%. Research studies were far more prevalent. Concerning themes, there were 76 kinds of concepts that the studies dealt with, and the most dominant concepts were oral health awareness and behavior, which 34 studies focused on(9.6%). 10 studies or more were concerned with dental service, oral health status, dental hygiene education, infection control, oral health education, job satisfaction and stress. As to data analysis methods, frequency analysis was most dominant, followed by Chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Most of the studies made use of quantitative research methods. Conclusions : The effort by this study to analyze the papers included in the Journal of the Korean Society of Dental Hygiene to grasp research trends in the field of dental hygiene is expected to be of some use for the determination of the right directions of dental hygiene research in the future.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the periodontal care of dental clinic patients. The subjects in this study were 213 patients who visited four different dental clinics in the region of Geoje. After a survey was conducted, the following findings were given: 1. In regard to the prevention of periodontal diseases, 52.1 percent of the patients investigated received treatment at a dental clinic when their gums were swollen or bleeding, and the way they responded to their swollen or bleeding gums was significantly different according to age, occupation(p<.01) and academic credential(p<.001). 31.0 percent got their teeth scaled to take care of their gums, and how to take care of the gums differed significantly with age, occupation, academic background(p<.001) and monthly income(p<.01). As to yearly preventive treatment frequency for periodontal diseases, 22.5 percent received treatment to prevent any possible periodontal diseases once a year, and age, educational background(p<.01) and occupation(p<.05) made a significant difference to that. By occupation, the company employees received more preventive treatment. As many as 66.7 percent intended to receive education on the prevention of periodontal diseases if there would be any chance, and gender and age(p<.001) made a significant differences to that. 2. As for oral health care habits, 52.1 percent brushed their teeth in a mixed way, up and down and right and left, and the women did that up and down more than the men. Those who were in their 30s did toothbrushing in the mixed way the most, and gender(p<.05), age(p<.05) and academic credential(p<.001) made a significant difference to that. Concerning daily mean toothbrushing frequency, 43.7 percent did that three times a day, and the women who did that three times outnumbered the men who did. The daily mean toothbrushing frequency varied significantly with gender(p<.01). By occupation and education, the professionals and better educated patients were significantly different from the others in that regard(p<.01). As to the use of an interdental brush, 57.3 percent had ever used it, and those who were better educated, who had a larger monthly income(p<01) and who were professionals(p<.001) were significantly different from their counterparts in that aspect. As to scaling experience, as many as 68.5 percent had ever had their teeth scaled, and those who were in their 30s had done that the most. Age made a significant difference to that(p<.01), and the professionals, larger income earners and better educated patients were significantly different from their counterparts in that regard(p<.001). The findings of the study justified the necessity and importance of periodontal care, and the prevention of periodontal diseases, regular dental checkup and the development of oral health education programs were required.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1982

$1978{\sim}80$년 3개년에 걸쳐 경상북도 상주로 부터 경상남도 임해진에 이르는 낙동강(洛東江) 중류(中流)의 12개 지점과 금호강(琴湖江) 및 남강(南江) 하류(下流)의 2개 지점에서 년 4회(1월, 4월, 7월, 10월)에 걸쳐 수질(水質)을 조사하고 이를 종합하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 금조강(琴潮江) 하류(下流)의 계절별 3년 평균 용존산소는 1월에 0.7 ppm, 4월에 1.3ppm, 7월에 4.0ppm, 10월에 0.8 ppm이었고, BOD농도는 1월에 91 ppm, 4월에 37 ppm, 7월에 6 ppm, 10월에 24 ppm이었다. 금호강 물은 극도로 오염되어 상수도(上水道) 원수(原水)나 산업용수(産業用水)로서 이용할 수 없는 상태이었다. 2) 낙동강 상류(上流)의 수질(水質)은 깨끗하나 대구지역에서 금호강의 합류로 급격히 오염(汚染)되어 화원에서의 3년간 계절별 평균 용존산소는 1월에 10.4 ppm, 4월에 5.8 ppm, 7월에 6.3 ppm, 그리고 10월에 7.0ppm으로 떨어졌으며 BOD농도는 1월에 8.8ppm, 4월에 6.5 ppm, 7월에 3.2ppm, 10월에 5.3ppm으로 높은 오염도를 나타냈다. 혼탁도, $NH_4-N$, 전기전도도 등도 높은 값을 보였다.