• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1632-1637
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• 2006

We studied the changes in biochemical markers of bone metabolism in growing Thoroughbred horses. Serum osteocalcin (OC), as a marker for bone formation, and carboxy-terminal propeptide of type-I collagen (PICP), as a marker for bone formation, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (ICTP), as a marker for bone resorption, were determined in nine clinically healthy horses from 3 d to 17 mo of age. The BW and withers height (WH) increased during the study. On the other hand, a rapid reduction in body weight gain (BWG) was observed between 1 mo and 9 mo of age and a rapid reduction in withers height gain was observed between 1 mo and 5 mo of age. The serum markers decreased significantly with increasing age. In particular, dramatic changes in serum markers occurred between 3 d to 1 wk and 5 to 7 mo of age in these horses, which suggests that bone turnover rapidly decreased after birth. On the other hand, the ratio of PICP to ICTP decreased through the experiment. This result suggests that the reduction in bone formation exceeded that of bone resorption. There was a significant correlation between markers and growth parameters, except for the correlation between PICP and BWG on single linear regression analysis. Serum OC and ICTP were affected by the WH in multiple linear regression analysis. These results indicated that the age-related variation in serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism reflected bone growth, but neither BW nor BWG. Therefore, we consider that changes in bone modeling are the major factor affecting the levels of serum biochemical markers by 17 mo of age in horses.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2012

The trunk conformations of the Gyeongju Donggyeongi (GD), Korean native dog was measured in the present study. Also, the information of reproductive activity was investigated in GD dogs. A total of 73 dogs were randomly selected out of 121 dogs in the Gyeongju County in July 2010, which were registered by inserting electronic chips in the withers. The hair colors of the GD were white, yellow, black and tiger brindle, the mean withers heights were $45.46{\pm}4.17cm$ and $49.28{\pm}3.56cm$ for female and male dogs, respectively The mean body length to withers height ratios were 117.63% and 116.4% for the female and male dogs. Concerning the reproductive capability of the GD, the mean litter number was $4.6{\pm}1.7$, the optimal mating time was $12.5{\pm}2.3$ days after the rutting season and the mean gestation period was $60.2{\pm}2.8$ days. The results of this study would be useful for compiling the official standard for the adult GD.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2020

The objective of the present study was to determine the best model to describe and quantify the changes in live body weight, height at withers, height at rump, body length and chest girth of Holstein cows raised under Korean feeding conditions for 50 months. The five standard growth models namely polynomial linear regression models, regression of growth variables on the first and second-order of ages in days (model 1) and regression of growth variables on age covariates from first to the third-order (model 2) as well as non-linear models were fitted and evaluated for representing growth pattern of Holstein cows raised in Korean feeding circumstances. Nonlinear models fitted were three exponential growth curve models; Brody, Gompertz, and von Bertalanffy functional models. For this purpose, a total of 22 Holstein cows raised in Korea used in the period from April 2016 to May 2020. Each model fitted to monthly growth curve records of dairy cows by using PROC NLIN procedure in SAS program. On the basis of the results, nonlinear models showed the lower root mean square of error (RMSE) for live body weight, height at withers, height at rump, body length and chest girth (12.22, 1.95, 1.55, 4.04, 2.06) with higher correlation coefficiency (R²) values for live body weight, height at withers, height at rump, body length and chest girth (0.99, 0.99, 0.99, 1.00, 1.00). Overall, the evaluation of the different growth models indicated that the Gompertz model used in the study seemed to be the most appropriate one for standard growth of Holstein cows raised under Korean feeding system.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.275-281
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• 1989

This investigation was conducted on 249 Jindo dogs aging from 2 to 12 months to determine body type and external appearance of the dogs. The results of this investigation were as follows. 1. The withers height of male dogs growed rapidly during the period between 2 months and 7 months of age, and was 22.94cm and 49.77cm, respectively. Afterward the growth rate slowed down up to 12 months, 53.33cm. The growth rate of female was similar to male, and the withers height was 22.91cm, 46.81cm, 48.70cm at 2, 6 and 12 months of age. 2. For male and female the body length was 27.21, 27.23cm at 2 months, 51.40cm, 51.62cm at 6 months, 58.33, 52.15cm at 12 months, respectively. Growth rate of the body length was very rapid from 2 to 6 months of age, but afterwards the growth rate was slow and somewhat retarded. 3. For male and female, the withers height to body length ratio was 100 : 109.4 and 100 : 107.1 in 12 months old group. 4. Cross over between the sexes in growth rate occurred between 5.3 to 6.5 months of age for wither height, between 6.0 to 7.2 months for hody length, respectively. 5. The average chest girths of male and female were 31.46, 30.46cm at 2 months, 54.92, 52.20cm at 7months, 60.25, 57.90cm at 12months, respectively. The growth rate of chest girth was rapid between 2 to 7 months of age and gradual between 7 to 12 months. 6. The average skull lengths of male and female were 11.76, 11.32cm at 2 months, 21.83, 19.60cm at 12 months, respectively. The average head widths of male and female were 8.37, 7.94cm at 2 months, 15.47, 12.46cm at 12 months. 7. Erected type of ear was completed from oblique type at 6 months in male and 7 months in female. On our detailed examinations, we concluded that Jindo dogs completed their growth at 6 to 7 months of age.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2003

본 연구는 농협중앙회 가축개량사업소와 한우개량단지에서 생산된 비거세 한우 숫소 3,415두의 자료를 이용하여 성장형질과 도체형질에 대한 유전모수를 추정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 한우 집단은 상반기와 하반기의 두 집단으로 구분하였는데 상반기 집단은 1986년부터 1990년까지 생산된 숫소 1,592두로서 6개월에 검정개시하여 18개월에 종료하였고, 단방식 우사에서 개체관리를 하였다. 하반기 집단은 1991년부터 1996년까지 출생한 1,823두로 10개월에 검정개시하여 22개월에 종료하였고, 군사식 우사에서 사양관리 하였다. 6-12개월과 12-18개월 일당증체량은 상반기 집단의 경우 1.01kg과 0.77kg이였고, 하반기 집단은 0.80kg과 0.95kg으로 하반기 집단에서 보상성장이 일어난 것으로 사료된다. 12개월 및 18개월 체중의 유전력은 상반기 집단의 경우 0.37 및 0.29이었고, 하반기 집단은 0.47 및 0.33이었으며, 6${\sim}$12개월 및 12${\sim}$18개월 일당증체량의 유전력은 상반기 집단에서 0.26 및 0.11이었고, 하반기 집단은 0.33 및 0.22으로 이들 형질의 유전력은 하반기에서 높았다. 상반기 집단의 12개월령 체고, 십자부고, 곤폭 및 흉위에 대한 유전력은 각각 0.30, 0.25, 0.11 및 0.13이었으며, 하반기의 경우 각각 0.53, 0.44, 0.36 및 0.56이었다. 상반기 집단의 18개월령 체고, 십자부고, 곤폭 및 흉위의 유전력은 각각 0.40, 0.22, 0.12 및 0.21이었고, 하반기의 경우 각각 0.45, 0.42, 0.42 및 0.35이었다. 상반기 집단의 냉도체중, 도체율, 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께 및 도체장에 대한 유전력은 각각 0.11, 0.24, 0.25, 0.18 및 0.21이었고, 하반기 집단의 경우 각각 0.32, 0.52, 0.33, 0.51 및 0.58이었으며, 근내지방도의 유전력은 0.31이었다. 상 하반기간 유전상관의 추정치는 12개월 흉위, 18개월 십자부고, 도체중 및 도체율의 경우 0.8 이상이었으나 다른 형질에서의 추정치는 이보다 낮았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.322-329
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• 2011

A whole genome association (WGA) study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body conformation traits in Hanwoo cattle. The phenotypes of 497 steers were recorded from the Hanwoo Improvement Center of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Seosan, Korea, and analyzed using the Illumina Bovine 50 k SNP chip. A set of 35,987 SNPs that were available in the Hanwoo population was selected from the chip. After adjustments for the effects of year-season of birth, region and sire, phenotypes were regressed on each SNP using a linear regression model. Three hundred nineteen SNPs were detected for the ten conformation traits (p<0.003). For the significant SNPs, stepwise regression procedures were applied to determine best sets of markers. A total of 72 SNPs were selected (p<0.001), for which the sets of 5, 9, 10, 9, 8, 11, 4, 6, 3 and 7 SNPs were determined for height at withers, rump height, body length, chest depth, chest width, rump length, hip width, thurl width, pinbone width and heart girth, respectively. About 7-26% of the total phenotypic variation was explained by the set of SNPs for each trait. QTL for the conformation traits were harbored on most bovine chromosomes (BTAs). Four SNPs with pleiotropic effects on height at withers and rump height were detected on BTAs 3, 4, 6 and 16. A SNP with pleiotropic effects on chest width and rump length was also detected on BTA10. Two QTL regions, i.e. between 87 and 97 Mb in BTA3 and between 41 and 44 Mb in BTA7, were found, in which SNPs were detected for the five and three conformation traits, respectively. The detected SNPs need to be validated in other Hanwoo populations for commercial application to the genetic improvement of conformation characteristics in Hanwoo via marker-assisted selection (MAS).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.763-774
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• 2008

본 연구는 한우의 체형형질이 도체형질에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구는 농협중앙회 한우개량사업소에서 1997년부터 2002년도에 후대검정(24개월령)한 거세우 1,312두의 체형형질과 도체형질의 자료를 이용하였다. 체형형질은 18개월령 체형측정치를 이용하였고 도체형질은 축산물등급판정소 등급판정결과를 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 정리해보면 도체중과 18개월령의 체중, 체고, 흉폭에서 각각 0.690, 0.483, 0.506으로 나타났고, 배최장근단면적과 18개월령의 체중, 흉폭에서 각각 0.356, 0.279로 나타났다. 이는 체중과 체고, 흉폭의 개량을 통해서 배최장근단면적의 넓이를 넓게 하면 육량을 증대시키는 효과가 있을 것으로 사료되어진다. 다만, 육량지수와 체형형질 사이에 나타난 부의상관관계에 대한 부분은 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료되어지며 개량방향 설정에 있어 등지방의 두께를 줄일 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 할 것으로 사료되어진다. 농가 소득 증대를 위해서는 육질개량뿐만 아니라 육량의 증대 또한 중요한 요인으로 작용한다. 본 연구의 결과에서 알 수 있듯이 체중, 체고와 흉폭의 개량에 힘쓰고 나머지 체형형질의 개량도 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료되어진다. 체형형질에 대한 더 많은 연구가 이루어져 보다 명확한 결과를 얻어야 할 것이고 이는 한우 체형의 개량에 많은 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2002

본 연구는 1996년부터 2000년까지 축산기술연구소 남원지소에서 사육되고 있는 한국 재래산양의 발육형질 자료를 이용하였다. 조사형질로는 생시, 3개월령, 6개월령 체중으로 개체모형(Animal model)을 이용하여 분석하였고, 고정효과로 성별, 출생년도－계절, 사양형태를 고려하였으며, 각 형질에 대한 분산성분 및 유전모수를 추정하기 위하여 MTDFREML Program을 이용하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 생시, 3개월령, 6개월령의 평균체중은 각각 1.78${\pm}$0.32, 7.99${\pm}$2.66, 12.08${\pm}$3.20kg이었고, 부수적으로 조사된 3개월령과 6개월령 평균체위는 각각 체고가 36.46, 40.27 cm, 체장은 38.06, 42.01cm, 흉위는 45.56, 51.07cm이었다. 생시, 3개월령, 6개월령 체중에 대한 개체의 유전력은 각각 0.66, 0.34, 0.27이었으며, 생시와 3개월령 체중에 대한 모체의 유전력은 각각 0.28, 0.03으로 추정되었고, 분산성분과 유전모수 추정 결과 생시와 3개월령 체중에 대해서는 모체유전효과가 중요하게 작용되었으며, 3개월령 체중에서는 모체환경효과가 고려되어야 하나, 6개월령 체중에서는 모체유전효과가 중요하지 않는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.891-898
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• 2005

진도개의 기본체형에 관한 지표를 얻기 위해서 진도군에서 실시한 진도개 심사에 합격되어 전자칩이 삽입된 개를 대상으로 체형을 조사했다. 1998년 8월 현재 총 두수의 약 10%인 195마리의 백구와 황구를 선정하여 개의 기본체형을 가장 잘 표현하는 것으로 생각되는 몸통과 다리의 18개 부위를 측정하였다. 측정결과 중에 중요한 것만을 들자면, 먼저 체고는 수캐 50.67 cm, 암캐 47.48 cm로 수캐가 컸으며 모색에 따른 차이는 없었다. 이어 체장은 수캐 52.99 cm, 암캐 50.33 cm로 역시 수캐가 컸으며 모색에 따른 차이는 없었다. 마지막으로 체고 대 체장 비는 수캐 104.70, 암캐 106.08로 성이나 모색에 따른 차이는 없었다. 이 연구의 결과는 진도개의 보존 및 육성 방향의 지표로 활용될 수 있음은 물론 진도개의 표준화를 위한 형태학적 연구의 자료로도 이용될 수 있으며 아울러 체형의 주기적인 변화를 확인하는 데에도 중요한 자료가 될 것으로 믿는다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.245-250
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• 1997

Highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) was found between body weight and chest circumference of the local Katjang and cross-bred (local Katjang ♀ ${\times}$ German Fawn ♂ bucks under study. Increase in body length, chest circumference, depth of chest and height at withers (p < 0.001) reflected significantly the increase in body weight of the bucks. At the same age the cross-breds were bigger than the indigenous breed. No significant correlation was detected between body weight and scrotal circumference, or the latter with sperm counts in both buck types under study. However, the fluid portion of the semen increased in acidity and volume, the latter being significant (P < 0.01) in the local Katjangs, with increase in scrotal circumference. Although the effects of body condition on buck libido of both groups were not significant, the reaction time taken to mount the teaser females were significantly diminished (p < 0.001) with better body condition, at least in the local Katjangs. The reaction time gad an inverse, though not necessarily significant, relationship with semen characteristics such as volume, pH (in local Katjangs, p < 0.05), concentration, color (in cross-breds, p < 0.05), agglutination and mass movements in both phenotypes.