• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.61-69
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate similarities in behavioral characteristics between children and their friends. Aggression and withdrawal behaviors, in conjunction with the effects of friendship quality and characteristics on peer rejection were analyzed. The participants were 414 fifth and sixth grade primary school children recruited from public schools in Bucheon city. Firstly, the peer nomination index was used to assess aggression, withdrawal, and peer rejection. Secondly, children reported on the quality of their friendships using the Friendship Quality Scale. The results indicates similarities in aggression and withdrawal between children and friends. Friends' aggression and withdrawal characteristics predicted children's peer rejection, which was more pronounced with higher friendship quality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2002

In this paper, surface acoustic wave(SAW) bandpass filters using slanted finger interdigital electrode transducers(IDTs) are investigated. The slanted finger IDTs are used to design SAW filters with good shape factor, a flat passband, and good out-of-band rejection characteristic. For the filter design, input-output IDT structure was simulated with modified impulse model; uniform-withdrawal weighting IDTs, withdrawal-withdrawal weighting IDTs. SAW filters of uniform-withdrawal weighting IDTs structure were designed and fabricated on $128^{\circ}LiNbO_3$ piezoelectric substrates. Implemented SAW filter has a fractional bandwidth of 30%, center frequency of 70MHz and shape factor of $1.12\pm0.01$.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.292-299
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was done to analyze nursing students' attitudes to life-sustaining treatment by measuring their awareness of biomedical ethics and resulting attitude toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. Methods: This study was a descriptive research to assess the level of nursing students' awareness of biomedical ethics, attitude toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, and correlations between these variables. After the nursing students signed a consent form they were assessed. Data collection was done from September 1 to October 25, 2016, and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 WIM Program. Results: There was a negative correlation and significant difference between nursing students' awareness of biomedical ethics and attitude toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. There was a significant correlation among attitude toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and medical ethics, mortality ethics. Conclusion: The findings in the study indicate that it is necessary to provide nursing students with easy access to continuous education to help them establish an acceptable view of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.736-742
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• 2016

Wooden dowels are commonly used to join the wooden members together in many types of structures, But little information is available concerning their holding properties in domestic wood. This study was performed to determine the withdrawal loads and strengths on the effect of diameter of dowel and hole clearance. The test block was manufactured from 15 mm thick korean red pine and korean pine. The dowel was manufactured 6, 8 and 10 mm diameters from korean castanea, korean pine and tuliptree. Research reported here indicates that withdrawal loads increase, but withdrawal strengths decrease, in a linear fashion as the dowel diameter increases. This study also indicates that dowel withholding load and strength increase in a linear fashion as a hole clearance decreases.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.153-166
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• 1993

The purpose of the present study was to examine age differences in children's recall for information about aggression, prosociability, and social withdrawal of others and to investigate the impact of likeability on children's recall for social behavioral information. The subjects were 160 children, 20 boys and 20 girls each at 6, 8, 10, and 12 years of age. The subjects listened to descriptions of the social behavior of a hypothetical boy and girl and subsequently reported their recollections. These descriptions were drawn from Bukowski's(1990) stydy, the Pupil Evaluation Inventory, and the Pittsburgh Adjustment Scales. The data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA, paired T-test, and correlation. Differences across the age levels were found in the number of behaviors correctly recalled for the behavioral descriptions of aggression, prosociability, and social withdrawal. Descriptions of aggressive behavior was recalled more when children listened to a hypothetical boy than to a hypothetical girl. Additional analyses revealed that at 6 years of age, children recalled more descriptions of aggressive and prosocial behavior than of withdrawal and at 10 and 12 years of age, children recalled more descriptions of withdrawal behavior than of aggressive and prosocial behaviors. The more negative the children's affective evaluations of the withdrawal behavior, the better they recalled the withdrawal behavior.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.715-724
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• 2012

In this study, we simulated water temperature in the downstream according to withdrawal types of dam using EFDC model. Three scenarios were assumed as water was released from the surface layer, the middle layer, and the bottom layer at intervals of 10m depth. In case of the surface layer withdrawal, the water temperature rose from March and lowered gradually after it reached a peak in August. The middle and the bottom layers effluence temperatures were lower than the surface layer temperature by maximum $15.9^{\circ}C$(in July), but after September, temperature inversion appeared. It was advantageous for the surface layer withdrawal to decrease cold damage and fog in downstream area and was possible to the middle and the bottom layers withdrawal from August to September. However, the reliability of model should be improved by accumulating the real-time information of water temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

The use of structural wood based panels like plywood, OSB in many applications involves the use of nails, and data on the performance of panel-nail connection are needed for design and comparative purpose. This study was carried out to develop basic information on nail performance(withdrawal, embedding, nailhead push through) with water absorption in plywood and OSB. In withdrawal resistance test, initial stiffness of plywood performed better than OSB in 24hr soaked condition. The soaked condition reduced average nail withdrawal resistance value about 46% (12d mail), 53%(8d nail) in OSB, 17%(12d mail), 24%(8d mail) in plywood. The nail embedding strength of plywood also performed better than that of OSB and retention value(wet strength/dry strength) yielded similar in each nail types. The nail head push through capacity of OSB was higher than that of plywood in dry condition, but equal or lower in soaked condition. Therefore, critical consideration about structural panels is required in moist applications. The average values of nail withdrawal, nail embedding strength and nail head push through resistance of tested materials meet the minimum requirement of various specification and standards.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.252-257
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• 2011

Tests were carried out on domestic wood samples to modify the formula which had previously been developed to predict the withdrawal strength of screw on the face of lumber. Screw sizes were No. 6, 8 and 10 used in this study. Predicted equations were fitted to the results of different length of No. 8 wood screw. The withdrawal strength of screws was enabled to predicted as a function of screw diameter, depth of penetration, and specific gravity of wood. Predicted equation was under-predicted the withdrawal strength of 25 and 30 mm length of screw within 5% and over-predicted withdrawal strength of 18 and 38 mm length of screw.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2002

The purpose of solderability assessment is to predict the effectiveness of soldering process. It is important for companies pursuing zero defects manufacturing because poor solderability is the major cause of two third of soldering failures. The most versatile solderability method is wetting balance method. However, there exist so many indices for wettability in the wetting balance test e.g. time to reach 2/3 values of maximum wetting force, tine to reach zero wetting force, maximum withdrawal force. In this study, three solderability assessment methods, which were the maximum withdrawal force, the wetting balance and the dynamic contact angle (DCA), were evaluated by comparing each other. The wetting balance technique measures the solderability by recording the forces exerted from the specimen after being dipped into the molten solder. Then the force at equilibrium state can be used to calculate a contact angle, which is known as static contact angles. The DCA measures contact angles occurred during advancing and withdrawing of the specimen and the contact angles are known as dynamic contact angles. The maximum withdrawal force uses the maximum force during withdrawal movement and then a contact angle can be calculated. In this study, the maximum withdrawal force method was found to be an objective index for measuring the solderability and the experiment results indicated good agreement between the maximum withdrawal force and the wetting balance method.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.85-98
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the awareness and attitudes towards withdrawal of the life-sustaining treatment among nurses, physicians, and the families of intensive care unit (ICU) patients in general hospitals. Methods: The data were collected using a questionnaire from 80 ICU nurses, 80 physicians, and 80 families of ICU patients in general hospitals. Data were collected from February 22nd to May 31st, 2010. Rusults: ICU nurses, physicians, and families of ICU patients felt that objective and ethical guidelines were needed in making a decision to withdraw the life-sustaining treatment. The main reason for withdrawal of the life-sustaining treatment was found that the patients could not recovered despite many efforts. The role of nurses in decision making process on withdrawal of the life-sustaining treatment was considered very positive from the view of physicians and family members. The most important role of nurses for those patients in ICU was found to try their best to care for the patients. Conclusion: ICU nurses should play a major coordinating role in communication among patients, their families, and medical teams. Also, an appropriate roles of nurses in the process of the withdrawal of the life-sustaining treatment should be established.