• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.1058-1060
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• 1987

This paper shows some results on the reconstruction of a 3-D structural information of contour map image obtained from camera. To extract height, 2 image frames are used, one for ordering of the contour and the other for height calculation. Wire frame method and Phong shading algorithm are used for 3-D reconstruction.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.515-526
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• 2002

The wind flow over two-dimensional sinusoidal hilly obstacles with slope (the ratio of height to half width) of 0.5 has been investigated experimentally and numerically. Experiments for single and double sinusoidal hill models were carried out in a subsonic wind tunnel. The mean velocity profiles, turbulence statistics, and surface pressure distributions were measured at the Reynolds number based on the obstacle height(h=40 mm) of $2.6{\times}10^4$. The reattachment points behind the obstacles were determined using the oil-ink dot and tuft methods. The smoke-wire method was employed to visualize the flow structure qualitatively. The finite-volume-method and the SIMPLE-C algorithm with an orthogonal body-fitted grid were used for numerical simulation. Comparison of mean velocity profiles between the experiments and the numerical simulation shows a good agreement except for the separation region, however, the surface pressure data show almost similar distributions.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.224-233
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effect of 'Blocking Kirschner Wire (K-Wire) Technique', which has been developed to reduce protrusion of the lateral wall, in maintaining the level of reduction through clinical and radiological outcomes. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures who used the blocking K-wire to maintain reduction (group A) and 44 patients that did not use blocking K-wire and were paired in 1:2 ratio with those Group A patients (group B), between January 2015 and December 2017 were enrolled in the study. All surgical procedures were performed via the extended sinus tarsi approach, and internal fixation using cannulated screws, Steinmann pins and K-wires was performed. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot scale and postoperative recovery of exercise ability were compared for postoperative clinical outcomes. The radiological results were compared the Böhler angle, Gissane angle, calcaneal height and width, step off of posterior calcaneal joint, and the degree of protrusion of the lateral wall. Moreover, postoperative complications in both groups were compared. Results: There were no significant differences in the clinical outcomes of the two groups (p=0.924, p=0.961). The amount of Böhler angle, Gissane angle, calcaneal height and width, and step off of posterior calcaneal joint from the radiological results was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.170, p=0.441, p=0.230, p=0.266, and p=0.400). However, the degree of protrusion of the lateral wall was 1.78 mm and 4.95 mm in group A and group B, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was significant (p=0.017). Although sural nerve entrapment and painful exostosis were more frequent in group B, they were occurred in a non-significant manner (p=0.293, p=0.655). Conclusion: Most of the clinical and radiological results as well as the complications were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the degree of protrusion of the calcaneus lateral wall in group A was promising. The 'Blocking K-Wires Technique' established by the authors may be an effective surgical option for maintaining the reduction of the lateral wall protrusion in displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1020-1026
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a method that measures the height and stagger of an catenary using the laser profile images. One line laser and area scanner CCD cameras are used. To quickly and accurately extract, from a photographed image, the area of the overhead line on which the line laser is shone, we consider the established fact that the catenary is the lowest among the electric wires. Here we are solving the the distance to the catenary if we know the distance the camera is from the ground and the angle of the catenary in the field of view. The angle will be related to the number of pixels in the image. This pixels per degree is a constant for the camera. Also, because of the different pixel resolution of the camera according to the overhead line position, we compensate the measurement result through camera calibration.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.287-300
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to review materials that could provide basic data about sports brassieres. In this study, 486 sports brassieres were collected online from 31 brands between November 2015 and February 2016. First, the comparison of compression and encapsulation in sports brassieres identified many different styles. The characteristics of compression brassieres included a cut cup, the front center height of a full cup, round neckline, short front hem, all in one shoulder strap with a patterned racerback design, all in one closure, no wire, and separation cup styles. The characteristics of encapsulation brassieres included a V-shape neckline, mixed round shoulder strap design, back closure, and all in one cup. Second, the comparison of domestic and international sports brassieres sorted the items differently. The characteristics of domestic products included compression brassieres, non-cut cup, the front center height of a full cup, round neckline, short front hem, an all in one shoulder strap with a patterned round design, all in one closure, no wire, and a separation cup. The characteristics of international products included a cut up, racerback shoulder strap design, and an all in one cup. Third, the analysis of domestic and international sports brassieres sizes found that six options were available for domestic compression sports brassieres and nine sizes were available for international products. Domestic encapsulation sports brassieres offered five under bust sizes and five cup sizes. International products offered eight under bust sizes and sixteen cup sizes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.152-159
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• 1999

This paper describes the rmtion characteristics of a particle in GIS under AC voltage. To measure the motion characteristics of the particle, a model gas chamber and parallel plain electrodes were designed and manufactured lift-off voltages of wire and spherical particles on the electrode were calculated and rreasured, and electric charge was calculated. By using a high speed carrera, the rmtion characteristics of various particles with aw}ied voltages, such as motion pattern, lift-off time, lift-off height, were analyzed 1be lift-off voltages were greatly affected by diarreters of wire and spherical particles. At voltage around lift-off voltage, the stand-up particle in vertical state rmved up and down between electrodes and the height of the lift-off particle was low. At voltage around breakdown voltage, the particle repeated vertical rotation a few times while they were being lifted off, and then, they were floating between the electrodes.trodes.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

In order to obtain basic data for reasonable design of rockfall prevention net unreasonably being designed according to experiences, this paper determined a standard cross section and analyzed the effects of parameters such as inclination and height of slope faces, rockfall weight, separation distance on rockfall behaviors such as bounce height, kinetic energy and passage rate. The weight of rockfall changed from 400 kg to 700 kg and then to 1,000 kg. With the height of 20 m as the standard, the test was conducted with the inclination at $63^{\circ}$ and $55^{\circ}$ which may affect rockfall behaviors. Analysis was made while changing the fall height of rockfall from 3 m to 15 m and then to 20 m, thereby analyzing and evaluating changes in maximal kinetic energy occurring in the base of slope. According to the analysis result, in designing a rockfall prevention wire net, a design considering various conditions including inclination of the slope, expected size or weight of rockfall, situation of the slope and the shape of rockfall, and rockfall trace is judged necessary beyond the current uniform application.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.740-744
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• 2017

Overhead Line is divided by two systems which are OCS (Overhead Catenary Line) and R-Bar (Overhead Rigid Conductor system). R-Bar has an advantage of maintenance and economic aspect comparing with OCS. R-Bar in Korea has developed for the max. speed of 120km/h, but it is evaluated up to the max. speed of 250 km/h in Europe. There are lots of mountains and underground sections in korea, it is really necessary to develop the R-Bar for a high-speed line. In the study, design parameters for the max. speed of 250 km/h of R-Bar was proposed. A bracket space, stiffness, and especially an installation tolerance of contact wire height at a bracket were considered as a parameter, and a dynamic behavior between a contact wire and pantograph was predicted by evaluated FEM simulation tool. The installation tolerance and bracket space are more important for the high-speed system. The proposed parameters was decided very conservative. Because the aerodynamic characteristics of a pantograph in tunnel is more severe than an open route and the simulation tool is not considered the such kind of aerodynamic characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.164-170
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• 2003

In this paper, we studied on the firing characteristics and electrical fire analysis of power cord deteriorated by thermal stress. The cross section of PVC insulating cord deteriorated by indirect flame decreased through heat convection. PVC insulating cord deteriorated by direct flame was bumpy shape. The exothermic peak of normal cord was shown at ($526.7^{\circ}C$), but the peaks or on(heat treatment temperature) ($150^{\circ}C$) cord was shown at ($299.6^{\circ}C$) and [$502.2^{\circ}C$]. The exothermic peaks according to high temperature were similar to those of amorphous carbon. In the FT-IR analysis, the absorption peak of normal cord indicated double bond of oxygen and carbon in benzene ring at 1720.0$cm^{1}$. As the HTT was high, the height of characteristic peak decreased and the peak of carbonyl group was shown at about 1625.7$cm^{-1}$. The characteristic peak of single bond(O-H) was shown at about 3479.2$cm^{-1}$. In case of the internal part of wire covering deteriorated by over current, the characteristic peak were shown at about 3417.3$cm^{-1}$ and 1600.2$cm^{-1}$. The above results show that we can distinguish the differences according to the fire pattern through the internalㆍexternal analysis of wire covering deteriorated by heat.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 1997

A pepper harvester using a pair of counter rotating helically wound cylinders as a pepper removal mechanism has been developed. Pepper harvesting by machines under the customary cultivation practice was expected to lower land productivity, that most farmers were concerned about. As one way to compensate for loss in land productivity by machine harvest, experts on pepper cultivation suggested change of both varieties and plant density per area. From the view of machine design, their suggestion implied that distance between rows should be narrower and height of the pepper removal mechanism could be shorter. Experiments to improve perfect pepper recovery ratio and to reduce size of the pepper removal mechanism was accomplished. In order to be a economically feasible harvester, minimum pepper recovery ratio was required to be greater or equal to 80%. The research goal was achieved by both reducing the diameter of the wire-helices from 30 cm to 18 cm and increasing rotational speed of the wire-helices up to 425 rpm. The best perfect pepper recovery ratio was 82.3%. Validity of experiment design and interpretation on statistical analysis were discussed. To understand the pepper removal mechanism properly, a pepper removal theory based physics was judged to be necessary.