• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2023

In order to select high-quality winter cereal crops with high yield and to increase self-sufficiency rate of forage, their growth, yield, and feeding value of several cereal crops cultivated in winter were investigated in the paddy field of the southern region. Four wheat cultivars and green barley headed in early and mid-April, while oat and Italian ryegrass headed in early May. Fresh forage yields of wheats, green barley, and oat were significantly higher than that of Italian ryegrass, and dry forage yields of wheats and green barley were significantly higher than those of not only Italian ryegrass but also oat. In particular, the yield of a wheat cultivar 'Cheongwoo' was the highest. Mineral contents of wheat forages, even though low, were in the range 27.8~33.7mg·g^-1 DW suitable for feeding cattle and young female cows. Crude protein content of a wheat cultivar 'Cheongwoo' was high up to 7.6%, similarly to 7.0% requiring for feeding cattle. Feeding values such as total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV) of wheats and green barley were superior to those of oat and Italian ryegrass. In addition, dry matter rates of 4 wheat cultivars and green barley were in the range 30~40%, indicating that wheat cultivars and green barley could be used for various feeding purposes such as green or dried forage, and silage. Based on these results, wheat cultivars including 'Cheongwoo' and green barley could be encouraged to be cultivated in paddy fields, as high-quality winter forage crops with high yield.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.125-129
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• 2014

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Newly reclaimed land has poor soil environment for crop growth since it is high in salt concentration but low in organic content compared with ordinary soil. It is known that whole-crop-barley can grow better in the soil of relatively high salt concentration than other crops but, the growth is poor at the concentration if higher than certain amount and it is a difficulty to secure productivity. Hence, the level of soil salt concentration suitable for the production of bulky feed in newly reclaimed land has been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: At Saemanguem reclaimed land, the land for the soil salt concentration electrical conductivity (EC) 0.8, 3.1, 6.5, 11.0 dS/m was selected; and chemical fertilizer $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ (150-100-100kg/ha) was tested; and forage barley 220kg/ha were sown. The soil salt concentration during the cultivation period decreased in the order of harvest season>earing season>sowing season>wintering season, and the salt concentration in harvest season is 1.4-4.2 times higher than that of the sowing season. The higher the salt concentration, the poorer the over ground growth due to poor rooting; especially at EC 11.0 ds/m there was emergence but, it blighted after wintering. The Yield from the soil salt concentration 3.1dS/m and 6.5 dS/m was 68% and 35% from that of the soil salt concentration 0.8 dS/m (8.8 MT/ha) respectively. The proline content in early life stage was more than that of the harvest season, and it increased with salt concentration. The higher salt concentration, the more $Na_2O$ and MgO content in harvest season; but the higher the salt concentration, the less the content of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$ and CaO. CONCLUSION(S): When the soil salt concentration becomes higher than 3.1 dS/m, the yield becomes poor because there is serious growth inhibition of forage barley both in root part and above aerial part that results in unbalanced absorption of nutrients. Therefore, it is recommended that the salt concentration should be lowered below 3.1 dS/m by underground drainage facilities or irrigating water for the stable production of whole-crop-barley.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.121-122
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• 1998

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 2009

A new six-rowed naked barley cultivar "Jinjuchal" with high whiteness after cooking and high $\beta$-glucan content was developed from the cross between 'Jinmichapssalbori' with high winter hardiness, lodging tolerance, grain whiteness and pearling yield, and 'Suwon 333' with waxy endosperm by the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA in 2007. An elite line, SB962002G-B-B-B-84-4 was selected in 2002 and designated as 'Iksan 79' It showed good agronomic performance in the regional yield trials (RYT) from 2005 to 2007 and was released with the name of "Jinjuchal" possessing high whiteness and low proanthocyanidin waxy endosperm. The average heading and maturing dates of "Jinjuchal" were April 27 and June 1 in paddy field, which were same and one day later than those of the check cultivar 'Saechalssalbori' respectively. The new cultivar, "Jinjuchal" had 81 cm of culm length that was 1cm longer than that of 'Saechalssalbori' and 4.9 cm of spike length. It showed 673 spikes per $m^2$, 56 grains per spike, 27.0 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 752 g of test weight. "Jinjuchal" showed stronger hardiness and better resistance to powdery mildew and BaYMV (Barley yellow mosaic virus) than those of the check cultivar, 'Saechalssalbori' It showed higher $\beta$-glucan content(8.4%) and water absorption rate than those of the check cultivar, 'Saechalssalbori' Its average yield of the pearled grain in the regional yield trial was 3.79 MT/ha in upland, and 3.73 MT/ha in paddy field, which were 1% lower and 3% higher than those of the check cultivar, respectively. Total phenol and proanthocyanidin contents were 4.2 and 0.2 mg/g, respectively. This cultivar is suitable for the area of the daily minimum temperature above $-6^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.178-181
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• 2011

The test was carried out at a test field at the Wanju Eco-Farming Complex from 2009 to 2010 to figure out the proper application of fertilizers when growing rice at the Eco-Farming Complex. The result showed that when compared to the basal application of compost as fertilizer, applying supplementary compost after natural re-seeding of chinese milk vetch (CMV) helped balance soil nutrition and maintained rice yields.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.81-85
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• 1980

Field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum harvesting time in winter rape (Brassica napus L.) by investigating the percent oil, 1, 000 seed weight, seed yield, dehiscent pod ratio and oil yield at 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66 and 70 days after flowering. Variation of all characters with days after flowering could be explained significantly by second degree polynomial equations. Percent oil and 1, 000 seed weight increased until 62 days after flowering and thereafter these traits decreased, while seed yield increased to 58 days after flowering and thereafter this trait decreased. This controversy was due to the drastic increase in dehiscent pods beyond 58 days after flowering which brought loss in seed yield. These results suggest that optimum harvesting time is 58 days after flowering and it should not be later than 60 days after flowering.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.322-328
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• 2006

A series of methanol extracts from leaf and root parts in spring- and winter-barley plants were assayed to determine their allelopathy and antioxidant activity. The methanol extracts applied on filter paper in a Petri-dish significantly inhibited root growth of Chinese milkvetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) seedlings. Leaf extracts at 25 and 50 g $L^{-1}$ inhibited root growth of Chinese milkvetch seedlings more than root extracts. No difference in phytotoxic effects of spring- and winter-barley seedlings extracts on root growth of Chinese milkvetch was observed. Methanol extracts dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity in vitro. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was higher in the methanol extracts from winter-barley seedlings than in those from spring-barley seedlings, and from leaf extracts than from root extracts. The antioxidant potential of the individual fraction from the methanol extracts of spring-barley seedlings was in order of n-butanol>ethyl acetate>water>chloroform>n-hexane fraction. By means of HPLC analysis, spring-barley (200.62 mg $100g^{-1}$) had more amount of total phenol acid than winter-barley (114.08 mg $100g^{-1}$). Especially, ferulic acid was detected in spring-barley extract (183.46 mg $100g^{-1}$) as the greatest amount. These results suggest that early seedlings of barley plants had potent allelopathy and antioxidant activity, and their activities were differently exhibited depending on plant parts and growing condition.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.409-413
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• 2013

This study was performed to understand whether host-plant feeding had an influence on subsequent prey consumption in the zoophytophagous mirid Nesidiocoris tenuis, which has the potential for biological control of greenhouse whiteflies. Potted plants of paprika and sesame and cotton balls soaked with water were provided to the test insects for 24 h, then, frozen eggs of Ephestia kuehniella were presented to adult mirids for 24 h, and the number of eggs consumed by them was counted. No significant difference in prey consumption was observed between the mirids previously provided with water ($49.2{\pm}30.58$ eggs) or paprika ($55.7{\pm}31.19$ eggs), whereas those previously fed with sesame ate significantly less prey ($24.2{\pm}34.70$ eggs) than the mirids that were provided with paprika or water.