• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.305-310
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• 1997

There are many parameters in prediction of forest fire spread. The variables such as fuel moisture, fuel loading, wind velocity, wind direction, relative humidity, slope, and solar aspect have important effects on fire. Particularly, wind and slope factors are considered to be the most important parameters in propagation of forest fire. Generally, slope effect cause different wind distribution in mountain area. However, this effect is disregarded in complex geometry. In this paper, wind is estimated by applying computational fluid dynamics to the forest geometry. Wind velocity data is obtained by using CFD code with Newtonian model and slope is calculated with geometrical data. These data are applied fer 2-dimentional forest fire spreading algorithm with Korean ROS(Rate Of Spread). Finally, the comparison between the simulation and the real forest fire is made. The algorithm spread of forest fire will help fire fighter to get the basic data far fire suppression and the prediction to behavior of forest fire.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.4
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• pp.528-534
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• 1998

There are many parameters in prediction of forest fire spread. Among others wind and slope factors are considered to be the important parameters in spread of forest fire. Generally, all the inclined planes with same slopes can not have the same wind velocity in complex mountain area. But this effect has been disregarded in complex geometry. In this paper, wind values which have velocity and direction is calculated by applying computational fluid dynamics to the forest geometry. These results are applied for forest fire spreading algorithm with experimental Korean ROS(Rate Of Spread). Finally, the comparison between the simulation and the real forest fire has correspondence about 90%.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.178-185
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• 2013

Forest fires are expected to increase in severity and frequency under global climate change and thus better understanding of fire dynamics is critical for mitigation and adaptation. Researchers with different background, such as ecologists, physicists, and mathematical biologists, have developed various simulation models to reproduce forest fire spread dynamics. However, these models have limitations in the fire spreading because of the complicated factors such as fuel types, wind, and moisture. In this study, we suggested a simple model considering the wind effect and two different fuel types. The two fuels correspond to susceptible tree and resistant tree with different probabilities of transferring fire. The trees were randomly distributed in simulation space with a density ranging from 0.0 (low) to 1.0 (high). The susceptible tree had higher value of the probability than the resistant tree. Based on the number of burnt trees, we then carried out the sensitivity analysis to quantify how the forest fire patterns are affected by wind and tree density. The statistical analysis showed that the total tree density had greatest effect on the forest fire spreading and wind had the next greatest effect. The density of the susceptible tree was relatively lower factor affecting the forest fire. We believe that our model can be a useful tool to explore forest fire spreading patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.101-119
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• 2020

Recently, as a plan to improve the particulate matter and thermal environment in the city, urban forests acting as wind ventilation corridor(wind ventilation forest) are promoted nationwide. This study analyzed the conditions for the creation of wind ventilation forest(vulnerable areas of the particulate matter and thermal environment, distribution of wind ventilation forest, characteristics of ventilation corridor) of in Pyeongtae-si, one of the target cities of wind ventilation forest project. Based on the results, the direction of developing on the wind ventilation forest in Pyeongtaek-si was suggested. As a result of deriving areas vulnerable to particulate matter and thermal environment, it was most vulnerable in urban areas in the eastern area of Pyeongtaek-si. Especially, emissions were high from industrial complexes and roads such as the Pyeongtaek-si thermal power plant, ports, and the national road no. 1. The wind ventilation forest in Pyeongtaek-si was distributed with small-scale windgenerating forests, wind-spreading forests, and wind-connection forests fragmented and disconnected. The characteristic of the overall wind ventilation corridor in Pyeongtaek-si is that the cold air generated from Mt.Mubong, etc., strongly flowed into Pyeongtaek-si and flowed in the northwest direction. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve and expand the wind-generating forests in Pyeongtaek-si in the long term, and it was important to create wind-spreading forests and wind-connection forests so that cold air could flow into the vulnerable area. In addition, in industrial complexes and roads where particulate matter is generated, planting techniques should be applied to prevent the spread of particulate matte to surrounding areas by creating wind-spreading forests considering the particulate matter blocking. This study can be used not only as the basis data for wind ventilation forest project in Pyeongtaek-si, but also as the basis data for urban forest creation and management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.311-318
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• 1997

On April 27,1993, a forest fire occurred in Morito-area, Manba-city, Gunma-prefecture Japan. Under the prevailing strong winds, the fire spread and extended to the largest scale ever in Gunma-prefecture. The author chartered a helicopter on May 5, one week after the fire was extinguished, and took aerial photos of tile damaged area, and investigated the condition. of the fire through field survey and data collection. The burnt area extended. over about 100 hectares, and the damage amounted to about 190 million yen (about two million dollar). The fire occurred at a steep mountainous area and under strong winds, therefore, md and topography strongly facilitated the spreading, It is the purpose of this paper to report a damage investigation of the fire and to develop the forecasting method of forest fires based on the topographical analysis and spreading speed of fire. In the first place, I analyze the topographical structure of the regions which became the bject of this study with some topographical factors, and construct a land form classification ap. Secondly, I decide the dangerous condition of each region in the land form classification map according to the direction of the wind and spreading speed of f'kre. In the present paper, I try to forecast forest fires in Morito area, and the basic results for the forecasting method of forest fires were obtained with the topographical classification system and spreading speed of fire.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.12-23
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• 2019

This study aims to suggest analysis schemes of urban forests acting as wind ventilation corridor(wind ventilation forest). For this purpose, wind corridor forests were classified into three types: wind-generating forests(WGF), wind-spreading forests (WSF), and wind-connecting forests(WCF), and they were classified into three grades. WGF, WSF and WCF were classified based on the density of forest type map, vegetation index, and ventilation networks, respectively. As a result of analyzing wind corridor forests for Daegu Metropolitan City(883.56㎢), the area of WGF was classified as 443.1㎢ and distributed in the northern and southern regions of Daegu Metropolitan City. Among them, the first grade of WGF occupied the largest area(345.59㎢) and the highest rate(54.44%) in Dalseong-gun. On the other hand, WGF was not found in Jung-gu, because this administrative district is isolated from the forest area. WSF was 32.4㎢, which included representative urban parks of Daegu Metropolitan City, and WSF were found relatively much in Suseong-gu and Dalseong-gun. However, WSF were distributed throughout Metropolitan City, and the vegetation index was not high. The ventilation network that can form WCF included major rivers and roads in Daegu Metropolitan City, but this network was not connected to the urban park from the outer forest. Therefore, it was judged that the formation of WCF connecting WGF outside the city and WSF inside the city would be important. The results of this study can be used as a basic data for systematic wind corridor forest projects, and can be used as basic data for establishing guidelines for wind corridor forest analysis at national and local levels.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.125-134
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• 2022

Forest fires in Korea usually start in the fall and occur every year until spring. Most wildfires are human resources that combine topographical characteristics and carelessness, and failure to respond in the initial stage and lack of cleanup are spreading to large-scale wildfires. In order to prevent these wildfires, active cooperation from the public is essential. As can be seen from recent wildfires, the attention of the public is needed above all else because large-scale wildfires in Korea are occurring due to the people's negligence. If a wildfire spreads and becomes large, it causes damage to life and property, and the damage is irreversible. In this study, various methods were used to prevent forest fires and improve initial suppression ability. In order to minimize damage, the model analyzed by the 119 Special Rescue Team in Gangwon, Chungcheong and nearby forest fires was analyzed on the combustion progress and wind direction by time period. The propagation speed by the wind direction was simulated. Until now, most of the wildfires have been extinguished by firefighting, but I hope that the Forest Service will take the lead and maintain coordination with related organizations.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2014

Understanding the forest fire patterns is necessary to comprehend the stability of the forest ecosystems. Thus, researchers have suggested the simulation models to mimic the forest fire spread dynamics, which enables us to predict the forest damage in the scenarios that are difficult to be experimentally tested in laboratory scale. However, many of the models have the limitation that many of them did not consider the complicated environmental factors, such as fuel types, wind, and moisture. In this study, we suggested a simple model with the factors, especially, the geomorphological structure of the forest and two types of fuel. The two fuels correspond to susceptible tree and resistant tree with different probabilities of transferring fire. The trees were randomly distributed in simulation space at densities ranging from 0.5 (low) to 1.0 (high). The susceptible tree had higher value of the probability than the resistant tree. Based on the number of burnt trees, we then carried out the sensitivity analysis to quantify how the forest fire patterns are affected by the structure and tree density. We believe that our model can be a useful tool to explore forest fire spreading patterns.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2013

Because forest fires are predicted to increase in severity and frequency under global climate change with important environmental implications, an understanding of fire dynamics is critical for mitigation of these negative effects. For the reason, researchers with different background, such as ecologists, physicists, and mathematical biologists, have developed the simulation models to mimic the forest fire spread patterns. In this study, we suggested a novel model considering the wind effect. Our theoretical forest was comprised of two different tree species with varying probabilities of transferring fire that were randomly distributed in space at densities ranging from 0.0 (low) to 1.0 (high). We then studied the distributional patterns of burnt trees using a two-dimensional stochastic cellular automata model with minimized local rules. We investigated the time, T, that the number of burnt trees reaches 25% of the whole trees for different values of the initial tree density, fire transition probability, and the degree of wind strength. Simulation results showed that the values of T decreased with the increase of tree density, and the wind effect decreased in the case of too high or low tree density. We believe that our model can be a useful tool to explore forest fire spreading patterns.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.26-31
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• 2010

In this study, attack process and aerial control line construction type which were considered forest fire type and a case of operations were suggested using the experience of aerial fire attack of all type of forest fires. As the spread rate of forest fire is effected by terrain, slope, wind speed, forest species and etc., we needed to analyze spreading direction, behavior type and intensity before heli-team constructed a aerial control line. Especially, It is important to consider safety of attack team as a their views were obstructed. In this study, we suggested a 13 methods from type A to type M about attack and construction of aerial indirect control line.