• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1363-1369
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• 2015

The frequency of a power system should be maintained within the allowed limits for stable operation. When a disturbance such as generator tripping occurs in a power system, the frequency is recovered to the nominal value through the inertial, primary, and secondary responses of the operating synchronous generators (SGs). However, for a power system with high wind penetration, the system inertia will decrease significantly because wind generators (WGs) are operating decoupled from the power system. This paper proposes a dynamic droop-based inertial control for a WG. The proposed inertial control determines the dynamic droop depending on the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF). At the initial period of a disturbance, where the ROCOF is large, the droop is set to be small to release a large amount of the kinetic energy (KE) and thus the frequency nadir can be increased significantly. However, as times goes on, the ROCOF will decrease and thus the droop is set to be large to prevent over-deceleration of the rotor speed of a WG. The performance of the proposed inertial control was investigated in a model system, which includes a 200 MW wind power plant (WPP) and five SGs using an EMTP-RV simulator. The test results indicate that the proposed scheme improves the frequency nadir significantly by releasing a large amount of the KE during the initial period of a disturbance.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1778-1785
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• 2014

최근 초장대 교량, 인공섬 또는 해상풍력 기초 등에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 다양한 해양구조물을 안전하게 건설하기 위해서는 신뢰성이 높은 지반조사가 필수적이다. 현재 해상의 지반조사 작업은 해상용 작업선에 육상용 지반조사장비를 설치하여 실시하고 있다. 이럴 경우, 30m이상의 대수심 조건이나 고파랑, 높은 조류 등 열악한 해양 환경에 제약을 많이 받는 한계점을 나타내고 있다. 대수심 조건에서 안전하고 신뢰성이 높은 지반조사를 위하여 착저형 무인 해저지반조사 장비를 개발하였다. 개발된 해저지반조사 장비는 수심 100m 조건에서 심도 50m까지 지반조사가 가능하며, 표준관입시험(Standard Penetration Test, SPT), 지반보링 시스템, 암반 코어링 시스템이 가능하도록 설계 및 제작되었다. 수중에서 4노트(2m/s)의 조류에 대한 해저지반조사 장비의 거동을 수치해석을 통해 검토하였다. 또한 해저지반조사 장비에 장착되어 있는 표준관입시험 장치의 에너지 효율을 실험으로부터 측정한 결과 78%를 확인하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1007-1015
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• 2017

This paper proposes a new control technique of energy storage system (ESS) for smoothing the active power of renewable energy sources (RES) such as photovoltaic and wind turbine generation. As the penetration of RES into grid increases, it is difficult to maintain the permissible level of power quality, that is, voltage and frequency fluctuation in power systems. To solve this problem, ESS control methods using low pass filter (LPF) have been proposed for mitigating the fluctuation of RES output. However, those have a lot of drawbacks which need to be supplemented. Hence, this paper presents the improved active power control with additional reactive power control for maintaining power quality properly. The proposed method minimizes the capacity of ESS to be required for smoothing RES output fluctuation through mitigation of phase delay problem in LPF. In addition, the voltage regulation improves by using additional reactive power control. The proposed method was verified through simulation analysis using PSCAD/EMTDC.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.90-100
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• 2015

Green technologies such as renewable energy resources, Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (EVs/PHEVs), electric locomotives, etc. are continually increasing at the existing power network especially distribution levels, which are Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV). It can be noted that the increasing level of green technologies is driven by the reduction emission policies of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). The green technologies can affect the quality of power, and hence its impacts of are analysed. In practical, the environment such as wind, solar irradiation, temperature etc. are uncontrollable, and therefore the output power of renewable energy in that area can be varied. Moreover, the technology of the EVs/PHEVs is still developed in order to improve the performance of supply and driving systems. This means that these developed can cause harmonic distortion as the control system is mostly used power electronics. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the voltage variation and harmonic distortion in distribution power network in urban area in Europe due to the combination between wind turbine, hydro turbine, photovoltaic (PV) system and EVs/PHEVs. More realistic penetration levels of SSDGs and EVs/PHEVs as forecasted for 2020 is used to analyse. The dynamic load demands are also taken into account. In order to ensure the accurate of simulation results, the practical parameters of distribution system are used and the international standards such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards are also complied. The suggestion solutions are also presented. The MATLAB/Simulink software is chosen as it can support complicate modelling and analysis.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.284-305
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• 1997

A Literatural study on the etiological factors, classification, prescription of hemorrhoids and hemorrhoids complicated by anal fistula following results were obtained. 1. The cause of hemorrhoids are long time sit, long time gate, overfatigue, overeating, imbalance of stool( constipation or diarrhea), pregnant fertility(overfatigue after childbirth, insufficiency of middle warmer energy), uncontrol sexual excess, pathgenic factors of wetness, heat, wind, dry, genetic cause, excess of anxiety, pile up of heat poison, weakness of entrails and viscera. The cause of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are attack of external wind, heatness, dry, fire, wetness(pathgenic factors), inapporiate treatment and chronic disease, greasy diet, excess of anxiety, constipation, uncontrol sexual excess, obstacle of circulation of vital energy and blood on anal site. 2. Classification of hemorrhoids are female hemorrhoids, male hemorrhoids, pulse hemorrhoids, intestines hemorrhoids, vital energy hemorrhoids, wine hemorrhoids, blood hemonhoids, flowing hemorrhoids. Classification with other method are external hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids, mixed hemorrhoids, excrescence hemorrhoids, nipple homorrhoids. External hemorrhoids is classified of varicosis of hemorrhoidal vein, connective tissue form, thrombus form. Classification of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are simple lower hemorrhoid, lower mixed hemorrhoid, deep hemorrhoid, outer of one hole hemorrhoid, a horseshoe hemorrhoids. Once more classificated of four are space of sphincter muscle form, penetration sphincter muscle form, upper of sphincter muscle form, outer of sphincter muscle form. 3. Therapy method of hermorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are internal method, fumigation method method, ointment, method of close with medicine, necrotizing method, hot medicated compress( gxternal method), injection, insertion, bind, (operation) and acupuncture therapy (the others method) 4. Herb medicine for many used of internal method are Scutellaria baikalensis George(黃芩), Coptis japonia Makino(黃連), Rehmania giutinosa Liboschitz ex Fischer & Meyer(生地黃), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque(枳殼), Sanguisorba officinalis Linne(地楡), Sophora japonica L.(槐花), Cnidium officinale Makino (川芎), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge(황기), Angelica gigas Nakai (當歸). 5. Herb medicine for many used of fumigation are Schlechtendalia Chinesis J. Bell (五倍子), Artemisia Vulgaris L. var indica Maxim(艾葉), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque (枳殼), Nepeta japonica Maximowicy(荊芥), And herb medicine for many used of ointment are Calomelas(輕粉), Alum(白礬), Boswellia carterii Birdwood(乳香), Os Draconis Fossilia Ossis Mastodi(龍骨).

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권7호
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• pp.918-924
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• 2013

In a conventional power system, the frequency is recovered to the nominal value by the inertial, primary, and secondary responses of the synchronous generators (SGs) after a large disturbance such as a generator tripping. For a power system with high wind penetration, the system inertia is significantly reduced due to the maximum power point tracking control based operation of the variable speed wind generators (WGs). This paper proposes a virtual inertial control for a wind power plant (WPP) based on the maximum rate of change of frequency to release more kinetic energy stored in the WGs. The performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated in a model system, which consists of a doubly fed induction generator-based WPP and SGs using an EMTP-RV simulator. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can improve the frequency nadir after a generator tripping. In addition, the algorithm can lead the instant of a frequency rebound and help frequency recovery after the frequency rebound.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

During the last 10 years, the various type of high speed craft have been greatly developed, and since around of 1990 the large size of high speed passenger and/or cargo vessels are also introduced and took into the service in the various routes over the world. In a marine traffic way some bridge need to build across a rivers, cannals or a waterways. This one will be an obstruction and potential risk of collision in the way of high speed craft. Accordingly some of collision accident have been reported, which were caused by a lost control, wind and hydrodynamic forces, fog or human errors. In this paper a high speed craft having 40 m length is assumed to be collided with a circular type of bridge piers at right angle. The mode of deformation, penetration depth of collapse, impact forces, reduction of speed, loss of kinetic energy, and influence of scantlings, etc. have been calculated in each speed with a time variation to find a maximum values within a limit, and are graphically presented.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1183-1194
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• 2021

전통적으로 전력시스템은 공급체계의 말단에 있는 소비자의 위치에서 보면 중앙집중화된 구조를 갖고 있다. 그러나 최근 수 십년간 지붕형 태양광, 영농형 태양광, 소형 풍력터빈, 배터리저장장치 및 스마트 가전품과 같은 분산에너지원의 등장을 보아왔다. 분산에너지원의 등장에 따라 배전계통 운전원의 역할도 확장된다. 확장된 분산전원의 진출은 배전망이나 송전망의 전통적인 계획과 운영에 영향을 주는 전력계통의 역조류와 예측성을 어렵게 할 수 있다. 이는 전형적인 계통계획, 정비 및 망관리, 정전할당 등 배전계통 운전원이 갖는 기능이 변경되어야 할 필요성을 증폭시킨다. 이 연구의 목적은 다중 분산전원을 갖는 미래 배전운전시스템을 설계하고 제안된 배전시스템 모델을 HILS로 구현 및 검증하는 것이다. 시험결과를 보면 제안된 배전시스템이 정상 영역에서 운전되고 배전선로 손실이 감소된다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.595-606
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• 2022

한국은 단위기 발전기 용량 1.4 GW, 20 GW를 초과하는 몇 개 지역의 대단위 발전단지, 대단위 발전단지에서 발전력을 인출하는 2~3개의 초고압 송전선로, 비수권에서 수도권으로 발전력을 수송하는 6개의 초고압 송전선로 구성 등 대용량 발전, 대규모 송전시스템 등 전통적인 전력계통 시스템의 특징을 가지고 있다. 이런 전력계통 특성으로 신재생에너지 진입 단계는 낮으나 주파수 안정도 문제 등으로 일부 발전기 출력 감발을 시행하고 있으며 향후 신재생에너지 확대 정책으로 전력계통 안정도 유지 문제가 가장 중요한 현안으로 떠오를 전망이다. 태양광, 풍력발전 같은 비관성 인버터 기반 신재생에너지 급증시 독립계통에서 전력계통 안정도를 향상시키는 수단은 Natural 관성 자원인 동기조상기와 가상 관성 자원인 BESS를 계통에 설치하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 신재생에너지가 계통안정도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 최저주파수를 유지하기 위한 BESS 효과를 계통 모의를 통하여 분석하였다. 발전제약 용량에 따른 BESS 효과는 최대 122.81%에 도달하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2022

친환경 에너지원 개발에 관한 관심이 증가하면서, 해상풍력발전기 시장은 매년 높은 증가율을 보이면서 성장하고 있다. 이와 맞물려 대용량 해상풍력발전기를 설치할 수 있는 설치선의 수요 또한 급증하고 있다. 풍력발전기 설치 선박(Wind Turbine Installation Vessel)은 설치 및 해체를 위하여 레그(Leg)와 스퍼드캔(Spudcan)을 해저면에 관입시켜서 고정하며, 이때 스퍼드캔 구조 강도 안전성에 대한 검토는 전체 시스템과 연관된 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 현재 선급에서 제시하고 있는 절차서를 분석하고, 실제 발생할 수 있는 하중 시나리오를 반영한 새로운 절차서를 제안하였으며, 유한요소해석을 통한 검증을 하였다. 기존 방식은 해저면의 기울기와 레그에 발생하는 휨모멘트 그리고 형상에 따른 영향을 검토하지 않기 때문에, 허용응력보다 작은 최대 응력 값을 보이지만, 신규 절차에 따른 결과는 대부분 구조보강이 발생하였다. 이러한 현상은 해상풍력발전기의 크기가 커지면 커질수록 차이가 크게 나타나며, 실제 관입(Pre-load) 조건을 고려하면 상당수의 부재에서 구조적 문제가 발생할 가능성이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 더욱 실제적인 작업조건을 고려한 절차서를 제안하였고, 적용 시 문제점들에 대해서 구조해석을 통한 검증을 수행하였다.