• Title/Summary/Keyword: Wind code

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Field measurements of wind-induced transmission tower foundation loads

  • Savory, E.;Parke, G.A.R.;Disney, P.;Toy, N.;Zeinoddini, M.
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.183-199
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    • 1998
  • This paper discusses some of the findings arising from long-term monitoring of the wind effects on a transmission tower located on an exposed site in South-West England. Site wind speeds have been measured, together with the foundation loads at the base of each of the four legs. The results show good correlation between the wind speeds and leg strains (loads) for a given wind direction, as expected, for wind speeds in excess of 10 m/s. Comparisons between the measured strains and those determined from the UK Code of Practice for lattice towers (BS8100), for the same wind speed and direction, show that the Code over-estimates most of the measured foundation loads by a moderate amount of about 14% at the higher wind speeds. This tends to confirm the validity of the Code for assessing design foundation loads. A finite element analysis model has been used to examine the dynamic behaviour of the tower and conductor system. This shows that, in the absence of the conductor, the tower alone has similar natural frequencies of approximately 2.2 Hz in the both the first (transversal) and second (longitudinal) modes, whilst for the complete system and conductor oscillations dominate, giving similar frequencies of approximately 0.1 Hz for both the first and second modes.

Optimal Location of Meteorological Mast for Power Curve Verification of Wind Farm (풍력단지 출력 검증을 위한 기상탑의 최적위치 선정)

  • Oh, Ki-Yong;Lee, Jun-Shin;Park, Joon-Young;Lee, Jae-Kyung;Kim, Ji-Young
    • New & Renewable Energy
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 2009
  • The performance test of a wind turbine in a wind farm is generally carried out by the owner to verify the power curve of the wind turbine given by the turbine manufacturer. The international electro-technical commission provides the IEC 61400-12-1 standard on "Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines". By using this code, one can easily find the suitable met-mast (meteorological mast) location for the wind data whether a wind farm is potential or already built. In this paper, the valid sectors for wind turbines installed in the HanKyoung wind farm, south-west in Jeju island are analyzed on the basis of the code by considering the wind farm layout. Among these sectors, the optimal met-mast location is presented for the power curve verification of the wind farm.

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Design of 5kW-class Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine using In-house Code POSEIDON (In-house 코드 POSEIDON을 이용한 5kW급 수평축 풍력발전용 로터 블레이드 형상설계)

  • Kim, Ki-Pyoung;Kim, Ill-Soo;Choi, Young-Do;Lee, Young-Ho
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.492-492
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    • 2009
  • Nowadays in Republic of Korea, there is no distinct reference for the related design technology of rotor blade of wind turbine. Therefore the optimum design and evaluation of performance is carried out with foreign commercial code softwares. This paper shows in-house code software that evaluates the aerodynamic design of wind turbine rotor blade using blade element-momentum theory (BEMT) and processes that is applied through various aerodynamics theories such as momentum theory, blade element theory, prandtl's tip loss theory and strip theory. This paper presents the results of the numerical analysis such as distribution of aerodynamic properties and performance curves using in-house code POSEIDON.

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Comparative assessment of ASCE 7-16 and KBC 2016 for determination of design wind loads for tall buildings

  • Alinejad, Hamidreza;Jeong, Seung Yong;Kang, Thomas H.K.
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.575-591
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    • 2020
  • Wind load is typically considered as one of the governing design loads acting on a structure. Understanding its nature is essential in evaluation of its action on the structure. Many codes and standards are founded on state of the art knowledge and include step by step procedures to calculate wind loads for various types of structures. One of the most accepted means for calculating wind load is using Gust Load Factor or base bending Moment Gust Load Factor (MGLF), where codes are adjusted based on local data available. Although local data may differ, the general procedure is the same. In this paper, ASCE 7-16 (2017), which is used as the main reference in the U.S., and Korean Building Code (KBC 2016) are compared in evaluation of wind loads. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide insight on each code from a structural engineering perspective. Herein, discussion focuses on where the two codes are compatible and differ. In evaluating the action of wind loads on a building, knowledge of the dynamic properties of the structure is critical. For this study, the design of four figurative high-rise buildings with dual systems was analyzed.

Seismic Performance of Wind-Designed Diagrid Tall Steel Buildings in Regions of Moderate Seismicity and Strong Wind

  • Kim, Seonwoong;Lee, Kyungkoo
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.155-171
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    • 2013
  • This study analytically evaluated the seismic performance of wind-designed diagrid tall steel buildings in regions of moderate/low seismicity and strong winds. To this end, diagrid tall steel buildings with varying wind exposure and slenderness ratio (building height-to-width ratio) conditions were designed to satisfy the wind serviceability criteria specified in the Korean Building Code and the National Building Code of Canada. A series of seismic analyses were then performed for earthquakes having 43- and 2475- year return periods utilizing the design guidelines of tall buildings. The analyses demonstrated the good seismic performance of these wind-designed diagrid tall steel buildings, which arises because significant overstrength of the diagrid system occurs in the wind design procedure. Also, analysis showed that the elastic seismic design process of diagrid tall steel buildings might be accepted based on some wind exposures and slenderness ratios.

Aerodynamic loading of a typical low-rise building for an experimental stationary and non-Gaussian impinging jet

  • Jubayer, Chowdhury;Romanic, Djordje;Hangan, Horia
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.315-329
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    • 2019
  • Non-synoptic winds have distinctive statistical properties compared to synoptic winds and can produce different wind loads on buildings and structures. The current study uses the new capabilities of the WindEEE Dome at Western University to replicate a stationary non-Gaussian wind event recorded at the Port of La Spezia in Italy. These stationary non-Gaussian wind events are also known as intermediate wind events as they differ from non-stationary non-Gaussian events (e.g., downbursts) as well as stationary Gaussian events (e.g., atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flows). In the present study, the wind loads on a typical low-rise building are investigated for an intermediate wind event reproduced using a continuous radial impinging jet (IJ) at the WindEEE Dome. For the same building model, differences in wind loads between ABL and IJ are also examined. Wind loads on different surface zones on the building, as defined in the ASCE code for design loads, are also calculated and compared with the code.

Supervised Shutdown of an Off-shore Wind Farm to meet the Grid Code in a Storm-driven Situation (강풍 시 전력망 연계기준을 만족하는 해상풍력발전단지 강제종료 방법)

  • You, Yue;Kim, Yeon-Hee;Zheng, Tai-Ying;Kang, Yong-Cheol
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.60 no.7
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    • pp.1299-1304
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    • 2011
  • A wind turbine (WT) should be shut down as fast as possible to minimize its own damage in a storm-driven situation. Shutdown of a large wind farm requires a power grid to have a ramp-up capability large enough to balance between generation and consumption of electrical energy. This paper proposes a supervised shutdown algorithm of a wind farm to meet a required ramp-down rate in a grid code in the case of a storm-driven situation. The information on the speed and the direction of wind is measured at a wind mast (WM) installed around a wind farm. If the wind speed exceeds a cut-out speed, the number of WTs to be shut down simultaneously is decided to meet a required ramp-down rate of a grid-code. Arrival times to each WT from the WM are calculated and sorted in the order of time. Then a sequence of groups is generated. The shutdown start/end times of each group are decided to avoid superposition between adjacent two groups. The performance of the proposed shutdown algorithm is verified under various storm scenarios. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm can not only protect the wind farm in the case of a storm-driven situation but also meet the required ramp-down rate. In addition, the algorithm can produce more energy than that of a conventional shutdown algorithm.

Calculation on the Ion Flow Field under HVDC Transmission Lines Considering Wind Effects

  • Wu, Jing;Gao, Sheng;Liu, Yuxiao
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.10 no.5
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    • pp.2077-2082
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    • 2015
  • Based on Deutsch assumption, a calculation method on the electric field over the ground surface under HVDC transmission lines in the wind is proposed. Analyzing the wind effects on the electric field and the space charge density the existing method based on Deutsch assumption is improved through adding the wind speed to the ion flow field equations. The programming details are illustrated. The calculation results at zero wind speed are compared with available data to validate the code program. Then the ionized fields which resulted from corona of ±800kV HVDC lines are analyzed. Both the electric field and the current density on the ground level are computed under different wind direction and speed. The computation results are in good agreement with measurements. The presented method and code program can be used to rapidly predict and evaluate the wind effects in HVDC transmission engineering.

Study of Wind Farm Model Configuration for WFMS simulation (WFMS 모의를 위한 풍력발전단지 모델 구성 연구)

  • Kim, Hyunwook;Jung, Seungmin;Hwang, Pyeong-Ik;Yoo, Yeuntae;Song, Sungyoon;Jang, Gilsoo
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2015.07a
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    • pp.247-248
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    • 2015
  • Wind turbines causes instabilities on the grid as their penetration increase. To mitigate harmful effects from wind turbines, transmission system operator(TSO) set up some requirements to obligate for wind generation operator for grid connection. So wind farm management system(WFMS) has important role to follow requirement from TSO, WFMS calculates available real power by considering wake effects, and dispatches real power order to each wind turbine in wind farm to optimize for decreasing load fatigue. To verify operation of WFMS, real-time simulator(RTS) is necessary. This paper deals with RTS configuration to verify WFMS operation. RTS includes wind farm model and power flow code. Normally, wind farm equivalent simple model makes wind turbines in wind farm to one wind turbine mode which cannot verify power flow in wind farm and WFMS operation. Thus, this paper makes wind farm model using simple wind turbine model with transfer function. Matlab is used for make power flow code and wind farm model to impose RTS and those model is certified by PSCAD/EMTDC.

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Study on the Available Power of a Wind Turbine for Wind Farm Control (풍력단지 제어를 위한 생산가능 출력에 대한 연구)

  • Oh, Yong Oon;Paek, In Su;Nam, Yoon Su;La, Yo Han
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2014
  • A study on the available power of a wind turbine to be used for wind farm control was performed in this study, To accurately estimate the available power it is important to obtain a suitable wind which represents the three dimensional wind that the wind turbine rotor faces and also used to calculate the power. For this, two different models, the equivalent wind and the wind speed estimator were constructed and used for dynamic simulation using matlab simulink. From the comparison of the simulation result with that from a commercial code based on multi-body dynamics, it was found that using the hub height wind to estimate available power from a turbine results in high frequency components in the power prediction which is, in reality, filtered out by the rotor inertia. It was also found that the wind speed estimator yielded less error than the equivalent wind when compared with the result from the commercial code.