• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.159-166
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• 2011

Green house gas emissions are increasing as development of the industrial economy of the international community. Many countries in the world are endeavoring to reduce green house gas emissions under severe climate change. In order to protect grobal warming, government is trying to reduce green gas emissions under "Low Carbon Green Growth Policy" and investing climiate-firendly industries such as renewable energy harvesting. Renewable energy has been rapidly developing as a result of investment for development technology of using natural energy such as solar, wind, tidal, etc. There are lots of waste energy in the road space. However, nobody is not interested in waste energy from the road space. This paper present a fundamentally experimental study of energy harvesting technique to use waste energy in the road. The waste energy in the road is covered a pressure and impact of vehicles on the road, the radiant heat from asphalt pavement, road noise and vibration etc. In this study, an energy harvesting device using piezoelectric element is proposed and various tests are conducted to investigate a characteristic of this device as function of impact loading based on piezoelectric effect behavior. This paper shows the energy harvesting results of the device using domestic piezoelectirc element as a function of impact load size and pavement types.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2015

The present study aims to characterize the synoptic climatic patterns of winter extreme low temperature events occurred in different regions of Korea based on daily temperature data observed at 61 weather stations under the supervision of the Korea Meteorological Administation and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis I data for the recent 40 years (1973~2012) period. Analyses of daily maximum and minimum temperatures below 10th percentile thresholds show that high frequencies of winter extreme low temperature events appear across the entire regions of Korea or in either the western or eastern half region divided by major mountain ridges at the 2~7 dayintervals particularly in the first half of the winter period (before mid-January). Composite analyses of surface synoptic climatic data including sea level pressure and wind vector reveal that 13 regional types of winter extreme low temperature events in Korea are closely associated with the relative location and intensity of both the Siberian high pressure and the Aleutian low pressure systems as well as major mountain ridges. Investigations of mid-troposphere (500 hPa) synoptic climatic charts demonstrate that the blocking-like upper troposphere low pressure system advecting the cold air from the Arctic toward the Korean Peninsula may provide favorable synoptic conditions for the outbreaks of winter extreme low temperature events in Korea. These results indicate that the monitoring of synoptic scale climatic systems in East Asia including the Siberian high pressure system, the Aleutian low pressure system and upper level blocking system is critical to the improvement of the predictability of winter extreme low temperature events in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.675-684
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• 2017

Provider-oriented weather information has been rapidly changing to become more customer-oriented and personalized. Given the increasing interest in wellness and health topics, the demand for health weather information, and biometeorology, also increased. However, research on changes in the human body according to weather conditions is still insufficient due to various constraints, and interdisciplinary research is also lacking. As part of an effort to change that, this study surveyed medical practitioners at an actual treatment site, using questionnaires, to investigate what kind of weather information they could utilize. Although there was a limit to the empirical awareness that medical staff had about weather information, most respondents noted that there is a correlation between disease and weather, with cardiovascular diseases (coronary artery disease (98.5%) and hypertension (95.9% ), skin diseases (atopic dermatitis (100%), sunburn (93.8%)) being the most common weather-sensitive ailments. Although there are subject-specific differences, most weather-sensitive diseases tend to be affected by temperature and humidity in general. Respiratory and skin diseases are affected by wind and solar radiation, respectively.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1271-1276
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• 2015

The recent trend is that diesel power generation on islands where its prime cost for power generation is high is replaced by new and renewable energy. Therefore, south Jeolla province is progressing the construction project of self-sufficient islands for the areas where power is supplied by depending on diesel generators, which is the project that power is supplied through eco-friendly energy source using sunlight, wind power and energy storage device etc. However, it is difficult to construct new and renewable energy source with the capacity to respond to the load perfectly due to its environmental and geographical conditions regarding capacity design of new and renewable energy. Besides, Microgrid design considering appropriate capacity design of the system components and efficient operation is required through the analysis of climate conditions and load patterns from the design stage for optimal composition of a hybrid system with economic feasibility. Therefore, this study is aimed to conduct a research on optimal combination, capacity calculation and economic feasibility by comprising a hybrid power generation system which will replace 40% of power generation by diesel as new and renewable energy source for Geomun Island where has more than 300 households and requires expansion of the facility among islands located in southwest coast.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.5-12
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• 2018

The foundation of the multi-span greenhouse structures is designed with small shallow concrete foundation considering mainly the vertical load. However, recently, due to an abnormal climate such as strong wind, horizontal load and up-lift load over design strength are applied to the foundation, causing safety problems of the greenhouse foundation. In order to reasonably evaluate the safety of greenhouse foundations, rotational and pullout stiffness expressed by the ground-foundation interaction should be evaluated, which also affects the safety of the upper structural members. In this study, three representative basic foundation types were selected by classifying greenhouse standards in Korea according to the shape, and the horizontal loading tests and theoretical calculation were performed for each foundation type. As a result of the comparison and analysis of the test and calculation, it was found that rotational resistance of the foundation is different according to the ratio of the contact area between the foundation and ground when the conditions of the foundation - ground contact surface and the mechanical properties of the ground are the same.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.13
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• pp.7-33
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• 2012

The memory of the Korean War is about the time period when people lived toughly during evacuation, due to being exposed to the natural climate such as intense cold or heat without any protection, leaving their comfortable home and living in temporary built shelters which were barely enough to avoid the wind. 'Death is concealed and only the figures of evacuation for survival were expressed, just as how the government ordered. Since the experience of the battlefield is personal and fragmentary, that is broken into pieces, it does not have compatibility. As war is a distorted experience that cannot be placed in a big picture, it is not possible to take a view of the war's big picture. Having this individualized experience as a common collective memory is an issue and it is the will that people tries to pursue. The reason why the evacuees from north to south, and as well as from the south to further south were all able to be adopted as the theme of artworks due to the military action that emptied the occupied territories of the North Korean Army under the forced removal command. In such situations, the natural state of the 'snow' was like a symbol of the 1.4 Recession. The group of people who were thrown into the intense cold displaced the war damage of loosing their base livelihood, and symbolized the obedient citizens who faithfully follow their government's command. The figure of advocating anti-communism is projected as a figure of a refugee during cold winter-time and it contains ones past which he or she obeyed its own country's commands. Evacuation, especially the evacuation during the winter is a visual device that can confirm these kinds of country's command. The consequences were same for the artists as well. Therefore, the situation being communal could be found due to the individual experiences during war are ideological. The image of the refuge shown in the picture played the role of strengthening the consciousness of defecting to South Korea into the meaning of the 'Finding Freedom.' I would like to express that the reason of them leave their home during the harsh winter is in order to avoid the oppression of the Communist Party. The evacuation that people went through was not to 'Finding Freedom', but 'To Survive'. Later, this evacuation has been imprinted as a behavior of choosing free Republic of Korea, which was an ideological issue. Anti-communism was the rule of survival in South Korea society, and people have the tendency to remember what they want to remember. As it is not the people who possesses an incident, but the memory that possesses ones, people cover their memory with disguised plots in order to forget the violence and to live a different prologue. They share the incident of violence as a hurtful memory. The tragedy of the Korean War was the result of Ideology and being in between the powerful nations' rights, but the violence during the war has been depicted as a natural disaster, which was the evacuation in heavy snow.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

In order to analyze the effect of street trees on human thermal sensation(thermal comfort) in summer, microclimatic data were measured and analyzed at sunny and shaded locations of two deciduous broadleaf and three broadleaf evergreen species of street trees. As a result, the mean differences by species in air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were small: $0.2{\sim}1.5^{\circ}C$, 0.9~5.3% and $0.1{\sim}0.5 ms^{-1}$, respectively, but the mean difference in the mean radiant temperature was great, $27.1^{\circ}C$. In the results of physiological equivalent temperature(PET) and universal thermal climate index(UTCI), which are human thermal sensation(thermal comfort) indexes, the shaded locations by the trees showed mean reduction rates of 21.2~31.3% in the PET compared with the sunny location, which are equivalent to 1.5~2.5 levels of thermal perception. Also, 12.7~20.0% in the UTCI was reduced by the trees' shadows, which is equivalent to 1~1.5 levels of heat stress. In addition, although the broadleaf evergreen trees had 5% greater mean reduction in PET than that of the deciduous broadleaf trees, the Zelkova serrata that belonged to the deciduous broadleaf trees showed the equivalent thermal reduction effect as the broadleaf evergreen trees because of the high density of branches and leaves. Therefore, the mean radiant temperature and the density of the crown(branches and leaves) were the main influences in thermal modification by these street trees in summer.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to review the U.S. renewable energy policies implemented by the federal government and the state governments to investigate potential barriers of renewable energy expansion and to develop policy implications for the successful renewable energy policy making in Korea. Recently, the restructuring in the energy supply chain has been being a new trend in many countries that shows a transition from traditional fossil fuels to sustainable renewable energy sources. The United States has enforced effective renewable energy policies (i.e., regulatory policies, financial incentives), which have led to the exploding growth of renewable energy facilities and productions over the last ten years. For example, many state governments in the U.S. are implementing Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) policies that require increased energy supply from renewable energy sources (i.e., solar, wind and geothermal). These RPS policies are expected to account for at least 10-50 percent of total electricity production in the next fifteen years. As part of results, in the recent three years, renewable energy in the U.S provided over 50 percent of total new power generation constructions. On the other hand, Korea initiated to develop climate change policies in 2008 for the Green Growth Policy that set up a target reduction of national Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions up to 37 percent by 2025. However, statistical data for accumulated renewable energy capacity refer that Korea is still in its early stage that contribute to only 7 percent of the total electricity production capacity and of which hydroelectric power occupied most of the production. Thus, new administration in Korea announced a new renewable energy policy (Renewable Energy 3020 Plan) in 2017 that will require over 95 percent of the total new generations as renewable energy facilities to achieve up to 20 percent of the total electricity production from renewable energy sources by 2030. However, to date, there have not been enough studies to figure out the barriers of the current policy environment and to develop implications about renewable energy policies to support the government plan in Korea. Therefore, this study reviewed the U.S. renewable energy policies compared with Korean policies that could show model cases to introduce related policies and to develop improved incentives to rapidly spread out renewable energy facilities in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 1984

This study contains the scientific justification of the forest aromatic bath(F.A.B) in the stage of introduction and the general concepts using in the design of the forest aromatic bath ground, especially definition of F.A.B, basic activities and facilities, carrying capacity and criteria deserving much consideration in designing of it. Terpene, the origin of F.A.B appearance, is made clear that it is efficacious in our physical health. The forest (coniferous one) mainly exhales terpene about noon and morning and seasonally spring and summer time. The most influential factor to exhale terpene is the climate one-wind, temperature, sunlight, humidity. Forest canopy and leaves are related to the concentration of terpene in the forest area. The basic activities for F.A.B are mostly static, and so are the facilities. The forest aromatic bath room(F.A.B.R) which a person must be given for F.A.B. is $169m^2$, 59 persons per ha. This $169m^2$ is the carrying capacity of F.A.B. The sites of F.A.B.G. might better be located around the national and provincial park, mountain torrent, hot spring zone and the waterfronts. Meanwhile, forest management in F.A.B.G should be enforce in order to keep on constantly maintaining the exhalation quantity of terpene.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.295-305
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• 2010

Although the rubble mound breakwaters in Korea have been damaged by typhoons almost every year, quantification of erosion of armor block have seldomly been made. In this paper, the damage of armor units is standardized by the relative damage. In the case where the number of damaged units is reported, it is divided by the total number of units to calculate the relative damage. In the case where the rehabilitation cost is reported, the relative damage is calculated by using its relationship with the present value of the past rehabilitation cost. The relative damage is shown to have strong correlations with the typhoon parameters such as nearest central air pressure and maximum wind speed at each site. On the other hand, the existing numerical methods for calculating the cumulative damage are compared with hydraulic model tests. The method of Melby and Kobayashi (1998) is shown to give a reasonable result, and it is used to calculate the relative damage, which is compared with the measured damage. A good agreement is shown for the East Breakwater of Yeosu Harbor, while poor agreement is shown for other breakwaters. The poor agreement may be because waves of larger height than the design height occurred due to strong typhoons associated with climate change so that the relative damage increased during the last several decades.