• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.815-820
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• 2004

In this paper, after analyzing other models with their advantages and disadvantages, we proposed a simple parametric model for calculating wind speed & direction and wave height & direction at any location around the typhoon at sea. The proposed wind-field model of typhoon is asymmetric, and consists of a circular symmetric wind-field caused by the pressure gradient of stationary typhoon and a moving wind-field caused by the movement of typhoon. By verifying this model through observed data, we found that it is accurate enough to develop the simulation software for training students and seafarers so as to take appropriate actions while being faced with the typhoon at sea.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.367-375
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• 2020

This paper presents an integrated analysis about dynamic performance of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) OC4 DeepCwind with semi-submersible platform under real sea environment. The emphasis of this paper is to investigate how the wave mean drift force and slow-drift wave excitation load (Quadratic transfer function, namely QTF) influence the platform motions, mooring line tension and tower base bending moments. Second order potential theory is being used for computing linear and nonlinear wave effects, including first order wave force, mean drift force and slow-drift excitation loads. Morison model is utilized to account the viscous effect from fluid. This approach considers floating wind turbine as an integrated coupled system. Two time-domain solvers, SIMA (SIMO/RIFLEX/AERODYN) and FAST are being chosen to analyze the global response of the integrated coupled system under small, moderate and severe sea condition. Results show that second order mean drift force and slow-drift force will drift the floater away along wave propagation direction. At the same time, slow-drift force has larger effect than mean drift force. Also tension of the mooring line at fairlead and tower base loads are increased accordingly in all sea conditions under investigation.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.466-472
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• 2019

A system for continuous-wave coherent Doppler lidar (CW lidar), made up of all-fiber structures and a coaxial transmission telescope, was set up for wind measurement in Hefei (31.84 N, 117.27 E), Anhui province of China. The lidar uses a fiber laser as a light source at a wavelength of $1.55{\mu}m$, and focuses the laser beam on a location 80 m away from the telescope. Using the CW lidar, radial wind measurement was carried out. Subsequently, the spectra of the atmospheric backscattered signal were analyzed. We tested the noise and obtained the lower limit of wind velocity as 0.721 m/s, through the Rayleigh criterion. According to the number of Doppler peaks in the radial wind spectrum, a classification retrieval algorithm (CRA) combining a Gaussian fitting algorithm and a spectral centroid algorithm is designed to estimate wind velocity. Compared to calibrated pulsed coherent wind lidar, the correlation coefficient for the wind velocity is 0.979, with a standard deviation of 0.103 m/s. The results show that CW lidar offers satisfactory performance and the potential for application in wind measurement.

• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.30-37
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• 2011

A floating wind turbine dynamic simulation program, WindHydro, is newly developed taking into account wind inflow and incident wave. WindHydro consists of 5 modules, HDFloat for hydrodynamics, HDProp for hydrodynamic property calculation, HDMoor for mooring dynamics, AeroDyn for aerodynamics, DAFUL for multi-body dynamics with nonlinear elasticity, and interface program that connects each calculation module. A turbulent wind and regular wave load case is simulated for the 5-MW OC3-Hywind with a spar bouy platform and catenary mooring lines. The results are compared with the results of the FAST(developed by NREL). As a result, the overall system responses from WindHydro and FAST agree well although some differences in the generator responses are observed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2007

The results of experimental investigation of coherent structures beneath wind-generated waves in deep water are presented. Vorticity fields of deepwater wind waves were visualized by analyzing the velocity fields obtained by PIV measurements under different wind and fetch conditions. In addition, spatio-temporal evolution of the coherent structures and subsequent changes in vertical profiles of the instantaneous vorticity were qualitatively examined. It was found that a coherent structure is formed right underneath the wave crest and traveled in phase with the surface wave. The direction of rotation of the coherent structure was contrary to the wave orbital motion when wind speed is less than 10 m/s, while was same as the wave orbital motion when wind speed is approximately 13 m/s and wave breaking occurs at the wave crest. In the near-surface region, complex vortex-vortex interactions were observed according to the traveling of the coherent structure. In contrast, coherent structures far below the water surface changed little due to weak influence of orbital motion by the surface waves.

• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2024

In order to respond to environmental changes and various events in the nearby sea area due to the operation of an offshore wind substantiation farm in the Southwest Sea, X-band radar has been installed and operated on a fixed platform since 2018. The X-band radar's monitoring system produces wave and current data through Rutter's Ocean WaveS wave and current (Sigma S6 WaMoS II). In this study, to verify the reliability of the produced data, the accuracy of current and wave data was evaluated by analyzing the correlation with the results obtained by an acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP). The selected analysis period was a total of 30 days from November 29 to December 28, 2021, the period during which the ADCP survey was conducted. As a result of comparative verification, the current, wave height and peak wave period (H_s > 0.69 m) data observed from the X-band radar showed a high correlation with the results investigated from ADCP. In the future, current and wave data produced by X-band radar are expected to be used as basic data to analyze environmental changes in sea areas and provide information on various events.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.811-818
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• 2016

This paper suggests a structure of power control system in floating wave-offshore wind hybrid power generation system. We have developed an unified SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system which can be used to monitor and control PCS(Power Conversion System) based on IEC61850. The SCADA system is essential to perform the algorithm like proportional distribution and data acquisition, monitoring, active power, reactive power control in hybrid power generation system. IEC61850 is an international standard for electrical substation automation systems. It was made to compensate the limitations of the legacy industrial protocols such as Modbus. In order to test the proposed SCADA system and algorithm, we have developed the wind-wave simulator based Modbus. We have designed a protocol conversion device based on real-time Linux for the communication between Modbus and IEC61850. In this study, SCADA system consists of four 3MW class wind turbines and twenty-four 100kW class wave force generator.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.281-294
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• 2015

In order to quantitatively estimate the nonlinear destructive interaction of wave load with wind load, which is very vital for the optimal design of offshore wind energy converter, we carried out a hydraulic model test and wind tunnel test. As a substructure of offshore wind energy converter, we would deploy the monopile, which is popular due to its easiness in construction. Based on the simulation using Monte Carlo simulation using Kaimal spectrum and cross spectrum, the instantaneous maximum wind velocity is adjusted to 10 m/s. And, considering the wave conditions of the Western Sea where a pilot wind farm is planned to be constructed, $H_s=0.1m$, 0.15 m, 0.2 m is carefully chosen. It turns out that the nonlinear destructive interaction between the wind and wave loads acting on the offshore wind energy converter is more clearly visible at rough seas rather than at mild seas, which strongly support our deduction that a Large eddy, a swirling vortex developed near the bumpy water surface in the opposite direction of the wind, is the driving mechanism underlying nonlinear destructive interaction between the wind and wave loads.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2016

The global performance of the 5 MW OC4 semisubmersible floating wind turbine in random waves with or without steady/dynamic winds is numerically simulated by using the turbine-floater-mooring fully coupled dynamic analysis program FAST-CHARM3D in time domain. The numerical simulations are based on the complete second-order diffraction/radiation potential formulations along with nonlinear viscous-drag force estimations at the body's instantaneous position. The sensitivity of hull motions and mooring dynamics with varying wave-kinematics extrapolation methods above MWL(mean-water level) and column drag coefficients is investigated. The effects of steady and dynamic winds are also illustrated. When dynamic wind is added to the irregular waves, it additionally introduces low-frequency wind loading and aerodynamic damping. The numerically simulated results for the 5 MW OC4 semisubmersible floating wind turbine by FAST-CHARM3D are also extensively compared with the DeepCWind model-test results by Technip/NREL/UMaine. Those numerical-simulation results have good correlation with experimental results for all the cases considered.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.111-121
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• 1997

The spectral energy balance model is composed and the nonlinear interaction is approximated by the discrete interaction parameterization as in WAM model. The numerical results of durational limited growth test agree very well with those of the exact model, EXACT-NL. The response of a wave spectrum to a change in wind direction is investigated numerically for a sequence of direction changes 30$^{\circ}$ , 45$^{\circ}$ , 60$^{\circ}$ , 90$^{\circ}$ . The high frequency components relax more repidly to the new wind direction than the low frequency components and the relaxation process also depends on the wave age. For wind direction changes less than 60$^{\circ}$ , the coupling by nonlinear interaction is so strong that the secondary peak in input source distribution is counteracted by the negative lobe of the nonlinear interaction. For wind direction changes grater than 60$^{\circ}$ , a second independent wind-sea spectrum is generated in the new wind direction, while the old spectrum gradually decays as swell.