• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.25 no.5 s.52
• /
• pp.577-585
• /
• 1995

This study has been performed to determine whether significant differences in the maxillary basal bone pattern exist between skeletal class II malocclusion and normal occlusion. Materials for the skeletal Class III sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 29 adult individuals, 15 males and 14 females. The average age was 19.75 years with a range from 16.4 to 29.1 years. A normal control sample consisted of lateral cephalometric roentgenograms and maxillary cast models of 24 adult individuals, 13 males and 11 females. The average age was 24.25 years with a range from 20.8 to 29.4 years. The results of this study can be summarized and concluded as like follows. 1. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in skeletal Class III malocclusion, the following Parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females : inter first premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter. 2. In comparing sexual difference of maxillary basal bone morphology in normal occlusion, the following parameters of males were found to be significally larger than those of females : inter canine width, inter first and second premolar width, inter molar width, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 3. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class III malocclusion md normal occlusion in males, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion : inter canine width, inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height and oblique molar height. 4. In comparing maxillary basal bone morphologic difference between skeletal Class III malocclusion and normal occlusion in females, the following parameters were found to be significally larger in normal occlusion : inter canine height, inter molar height, oblique canine height, oblique molar height and maxillary basal bone perimeter.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 2018

This study analyzed the body shape of the body of 17~19 years old female students using the SPSS 20.0 statistical program according to the 7th Korea Human Body Survey. Factor analysis was based on six factors including body size, body height, shoulder length, and width, upper body length, hip length, and shoulder inclination related factors. Through this cluster analysis, the body shape of late adolescent female student was classified into four types. Body type 1 was the highest body height factor, and the upper body length and the hip length factor were lower. It was analyzed as 'Long leg in the body'. Body type 2 is the 'narrow shoulder skinny type' with high hip and shoulder slope factors and low body size, body height, shoulder length, and width factor. Body type 3 showed body size, shoulder length, height and hip length factor, and body height factor was rather low 'low hip obese body shape'. Body type 4 was analyzed as 'lower shoulder long upper body type' with higher upper body length factor and lower body size and shoulder slope factor. It is thought that when the pattern is made, it is possible to produce excellent patterns by fitting the dimensions of the body, as well as the dimensions of the shoulder width, the slope, and the hip length.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.99 no.2
• /
• pp.204-212
• /
• 2010

This study was performed in 22 unthinned Larix olgensis plantations in northeast China. Data were collected on 95 sample trees of different canopy positions and the diameter at breast height ($d_{1.3}$) ranged from 5.7 cm to 40.2 cm. The individual tree models for the prediction of vertical distribution of live crown, branch and needle biomass were built. Our study showed that the crown, branch and needle biomass distributions were most in the location of 60% crown length. These results were also parallel to previous crown studies. The cumulative relative biomass of live crown, branch and needle were fitted by the sigmoid shape curve and the fitting results were quite well. Meanwhile, we developed the crown ratio and width models. Tree height was the most important predictor for crown ratio model. A negative competition factor, ccf and bas which reflected the effect of suppression on a tree, reduced the crown ratio estimates. The height-diameter ratio was a significant predictor. The higher the height-diameter ratio, the higher crown ratio is. Diameter at breast height is the strongest predictor in crown width model. The models can be used for the planning of harvesting operations, for the selection of feasible harvesting methods, and for the estimation of nutrient removals of different harvesting practices.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.313-322
• /
• 2018

The height of the steps was almost the same as the grain size of bed materials and increased with channel slope. The step widths and step wavelengths are almost the same size, and the step wavelength was decreased when the channel slope was increased. It was analyzed that there was a clear correlation between channel width and step width, and the step width increases with channel width. In addition, the step wavelength was scaled by channel width, and the step height is governed by the grain size of the rock forming the step, so that the profile structure of the step-pool was changed according to the channel slope. the scale of the pool was found to be highly correlated with the channel width, grain size, and slope gradient. Therefore, the characteristics of step-pool structure in mountain streams were influenced by various factors, but it can be explained as the grain size, channel width and channel slope.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.303-303
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate agronomic characteristics and identify the useful traits to utilize the wheat genetic resources for breeding programs by understanding the phenotypic variation among germplasm through multivariate analysis. In this study, a total of 394 wheat accessions were characterized for 15 agronomic traits using the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) descriptor list, of which 31 accessions from 6 species and 363 unidentified accession (Triticum spp.) available at the NAC, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea. Growth characteristics such as leaf width, culm length, spike length, spikelet length, solid stemmed, days to heading, days to maturity, grain-filing period, and also seed characteristics such as width, height, area, perimeter, circle, solidity, and germination percent were studied. Among the 15 agronomic characteristics, the germination percent showed the smallest variation between resources (CV = 0.4%), and the spikelet length (CV = 66.5%) showed the highest variation. A strong positive correlation was found between seed traits such as seed height and seed area (r = 0.90), seed height and seed perimeter (r = 0.87) and seed length and width (r = 0.80). Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted and the first five principal components comprised 76.7% of the total variance. Among the first five PCs, PCI accounted for 28.5% and PC2 for 20.0%. Wheat resources (394) were classified into four clusters based on cluster analysis, consisting of 215 resources(I), 117 resources(II), 48 resources(III), and 14 resources(IV). Among the clusters, the resources belonging to Cluster III showed the lowest seed width, height, area, and perimeter characteristics compared to other clusters. The wheat resources belonging to cluster IV had small seed width and low germination percent, but took longer to form heads and mature than resources in other clusters. These results will serve as the basis for further genetic diversity studies, and important agronomic characteristics will be used for improving wheat, including developing high-yielding and resistant varieties to biotic and abiotic stresses via breeding programs.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.427-434
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relationship between the palpebral fissure and the exophthalmos in an elder women population in Korea subjects with normal eye status. Methods. From November 2014 to July 2015, The author analyzed the morphological values in 81 Korean elder women population. The clinical test was performed using the Hertel exophthalometer and verner califer. Analysis of data were described using the spss 20 and Pearson's test. Results. The mean age of the 81 subjects (162 eyes) was (73.938+/8.585)mm. The mean value of palpebral fissure was (5.673+/-2.065)mm in width and (24.179+/-4.409)mm in height. The mean value of exophthalmos was (5.537+/-2.151)mm. There were a significant relationship(P>0.01) in the mean size between the width and height in palpebral fissure. Also, there were a significant relationship(P>0.01) in the mean size between the palpebral fissure width and exophthalmos. Also, there were a significant relationship(P>0.01) in the mean size between the palpebral height width and exophthalmos. However, there were not significant relationship(P>0.01) in the mean size between the palpebral fissure width and exophthalmos in right eye. On the other hand, The relationship between right eye and left eye of the palpebral fissure and exophthalmos was similar results. Conclusions. In this study, these results suggested that the palpebral fissure and exophthalmos was a significant relationship in the mean value of morphologic characters in Korean elder women population.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.282-291
• /
• 2017

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of berm breakwater on wave run-up. A total of 200 numerical analysis tests have been carried out in this paper to investigate the effect of berm width, wave height, and wave period on the wave run-up, using an integrating technique of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Direct application of Navier Stokes equations within the berm width has been used to provide a more reliable approach for studying the wave run-up over berm breakwaters. A well tested Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) code with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) scheme was adopted for numerical computations. The computational results were compared with theoretical data to validate the model outputs. Numerical results showed that the simulation method can provide accurate estimations for wave run-up over berm breakwaters. It was found that the wave run-up may be decreased by increasing the berm width up to about 36 percent. Furthermore, the wave run-up may increase by increasing the wave height and wave period up to about 53 and 36 percent, respectively. These results may convince the engineers to use this model for design of berm breakwater in actual scale by calculating the Reynolds numbers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.7 s.184
• /
• pp.138-145
• /
• 2006

A nanopatterning technique was proposed and demonstrated for low cost and mass productive process using the scanning probe lithography (SPL) and soft lithography. The nanometer scale structure is fabricated by the localized generation of oxide patterning on the H-passivated (100) silicon wafer, and soft lithography was performed to replicate of nanometer scale structures. Both height and width of the silicon oxidation is linear with the applied voltagein SPL, but the growth of width is more sensitive than that of height. The structure below 100 nm was fabricated using HF treatment. To overcome the structure height limitation, aqueous KOH orientation-dependent etching was performed on the H-passivated (100) silicon wafer. Soft lithography is also performed for the master replication process. Elastomeric stamp is fabricated by the replica molding technique with ultrasonic vibration. We showed that the elastomeric stamp with the depth of 60 nm and the width of 428 nm was acquired using the original master by SPL process.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1981

This study examined the radial variations in element demensions of mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica.), elm (Ulmus japonica.), maackia(Maackia amurensis.), castor aralia (Kalopanax pictus.) from pith outwards. Disks were cut from the d.b.h.(above 1.2m) of each species and specimen for tangential pore diameters, fiber length, ray height and width were taken from 1-3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th.............40th ring number from pith. The tangential pore diameters in the earlywood increased rapidly near the pith and then maintained almost constant or very gradually increased diameters in about 20th-30th ring number from pith. In the latewood, tangential pore diameters gradually increased from pith to outwards though the increment is smaller than in early wood. Radial variations of ray height and width maintained almost constant, gradually increased or rapidly increased diameters and then maintained almost constant from pith to outwards. Patterns of radial variations in the fiber length were almost coincident with patterns of earlywood pore diameters, and of ray height or width in Ulmus japonica and Maackia amurensis.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.131-139
• /
• 2018

The preparation of repeatable and uniformly reconstituted soil specimens up to the specified conditions is an essential requirement for the laboratory tests. In this study for large samples replication, the simultaneous usage of the traveling pluviation and curtain raining technique is used to develop a new method, called the curtain travelling pluviator (CTP). This simple and cost effective system is based on the air pluviation approach, whilst reducing the sample production time, can reproduce uniform samples with relative densities ranging from 25% to 96%. In order to investigate the resulting suitability and uniformity from the proposed method, a series of tests is performed. The effect of curtain traveling velocity, curtain width, drop height, and flow rate on the parameters of the sample is thoroughly investigated. Increase in the curtain velocity and drop height leads to the increase in relative density for the sand specimen. Increase in curtain width typically resulted in the reduction of relative density. Test results reveal that the terminal drop height for the sand specimen in this study is more than 500 mm. Relative density contour lines are presented that can be utilized in optimizing the drop height and curtain width parameters. Sample uniformity in the vertical and horizontal orientation is investigated through the sampling containers. Increasing relative density tends to result in the higher sample repeatability and uniformity.