• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 1992

The present study was conducted to compare the relative efficiency of two different haploid breeding methods in tobacco varietal development. A single F t hybrid plant from cross of two flue-cured cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum L., Bright Yellow4(BY4) and NC 95, was used to develop the 30 dihaploid lines by anther culture(F1-ADH) and maternally-derived doubled haploid utilizing Nicotiana africana(F1-MDH), respectively. As compared with mid-parent, ADH lines showed increasing in number of leaves, delaying in days to flower and narrowing in leaf width. However, no significant differences in the other characters investigated were recognized. MDH lines also showed narrow leaf width, while no significant differences in the other characters were observed. The variations of the characters investigated were generally greater in ADH than MDH lines. MDH lines had higher plant height and shorter days to flower than ADH lines, while other characters did not show remarkable differences. The degree of heritability for each of the characters observed between ADH and MDH was almost the same. The characters showing high heritability value were plant height, leaf number, days to flower, and yield, while those showing relatively low value were leaf length, leaf width, and total alkaloid content. Predicted gains from selection for increased yield were calculated for both populations(F1-ADH, F1-MDH) and correlated responses associated with selection for yield were estimated. Plant height, leaf width, days to flower, percent reducing sugar and disease resistance would be expected to improve with selection for yield much faster in the MDH population than in the ADH.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.269-283
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• 2018

This study presents the effects of geometrical dimensions of concrete gravity dams on the seismic response considering different base width/dam height (L/H) ratios. In the study, a concrete gravity dam with the height of 200 m is selected and finite element models of the dam are constituted including five different L/H ratios such as 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25. All dams are modeled in ANSYS software considering dam-reservoir-foundation interaction. 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake records are applied to models in upstream-downstream direction and linear time history analyses are performed. Dynamic equilibrium equations of motions obtained from the finite element models of the coupled systems are solved by using Newmark time integration algorithm. The seismic response of the models is evaluated from analyses presenting natural frequencies, mode shapes, displacements and principal stresses. The results show that the L/H ratios considerably affect the seismic response of gravity dams. Also, the model where L/H ratio is 1.00 has more desirable results and most appropriate representation of the seismic response of gravity dams.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1601-1610
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a pulse analyzer was useful 1) to characterize the variables of pulse wave of diabetes mellitus group, compared with those of healthy subjects, and 2) to determine Sasang Constitution in diabetes mellitus group and healthy subjects. 1. The sum of pulse pressure (energy) and the ratio of systolic period area (As%), called pulse pressure-related variables, were higher in diabetes mellitus group than healthy group, while the height of dicrotic wave (h5) and the ratio of height of dicrotic wave to height of percussion wave (h5/h1), correlated with arterial compliance, were lower in diabetes mellitus group than healthy group. 2. Taeumin of diabetes mellitus group showed higher pressure-related variables than that of healthy group. 3. Soumin of diabetes mellitus group had shorter the time to dicrotic wave (t5) than that of healthy group. 4. Soyangin of diabetes mellitus group showed higher heart rates and lower values in pulse wave time-related variables, including time to dicrotic wave(t5), time to incisura (t4), total time minus time to incisura (t-t4), total time (t), width of percussion wave (w), and the ratio of width of percussion wave to total time (w/t), than that of healthy group. 5. Contact pressure (CP), sum of pulse pressure (energy), height of pre-incisura (h2), height of incisura (h4), width of percussion wave (w), time to incisura (t4), time to percussion wave (t1), variance of total time (Vt), variance of height of percussion wave(Vp) and the ratio of height of incisura to height of percussion wave (h4/h1) were used to develop the rules of Sasang Constitution Classification with about seventy five percents accuracy. These suggested that the pulse analyzer was useful to evaluate the risk degree of diabetes mellitus and to determine Sasang Constitution among either diabetes mellitus group or healthy group.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.79-91
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• 2011

This study divided school age by considering a change in the stage of body growth by age in elementary schoolgirls with the use of body scan data, and considered by comparing body size characteristics by school age. Elementary schoolgirls' body shape cannot be divided clearly. However, ages 7-10 were bound into the same group for the majority of girth, width, and thickness items. 7-8 years old, 9-10 years old, and 11-12 years old were bound into the same group in most items except ages 9 and 10 for the height item. Thus, significant difference was indicated between groups. Accordingly, this study divided the school age into three periods such as early stage(ages 7-8), middle stage(ages 9-10), and late stage(ages 11-12) in consideration of the stages for elementary schoolgirls' body-shape growth. As a result of analyzing body size according to division of school age, the higher school age leads to continuous growth. The notable growth was indicated especially in the middle stage and late stage. Examining centering on typical items related to the clothing construction, there was notable increase in waist thickness and hip thickness between early and middle stages and in height, weight, breast girth, waist circumference, back length, breast width, and waist width between middle and late stages. On the other hand, hip circumference, hip width, breast thickness, and length between shoulder edges were indicated to grow relatively and evenly among early, middle, and late stages. The lateral form was shown a clear difference in the forms of early, middle, and late stages in height and length of the whole body shape and in side thickness. The early and middle stages belong to body shape that abdomen is projected to be curved. The late stage showed right body shape which is straight and stable form in posture.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.504-510
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• 2017

Objective : To investigate the morphological and hemodynamic parameters associated with middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysm rupture. Methods : A retrospective study of 67 consecutive patients was carried out based on 3D digital subtraction angiography data. Morphological and hemodynamic parameters including aneurysm size parameters (dome width, height, and perpendicular height), longest dimension from the aneurysm neck to the dome tip, neck width, aneurysm area, aspect ratio, Longest dimension from the aneurysm neck to the dome tip (Dmax) to dome width, and height-width, Bottleneck factor, as well as wall shear stress (WSS), low WSS area (LSA), percentage of LSA (LSA%) and energy loss (EL) were estimated. Parameters between ruptured and un-ruptured groups were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristics were generated to check prediction performance of all significant variables. Results : Sixty-seven patients with MCA bifurcation aneurysm were included (31 unruptured, 36 ruptured). Dmax (p=0.008) was greater in ruptured group than that in un-ruptured group. D/W (p<0.001) and the percentage of the low WSS area ($0.09{\pm}0.13$ vs. $0.01{\pm}0.03$, p<0.001) were also greater in the ruptured group. Moreover, the EL in ruptured group was higher than that in unruptured group ($6.39{\pm}5.04$ vs. $1.53{\pm}0.86$, p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis suggested D/W and EL were significant predictors of rupture of MCA bifurcation aneurysms. Correlation analyses revealed the D/W value was positively associated with the EL (R=0.442, p<0.01). Conclusion : D/W and EL might be the most two favorable factors to predict rupture risk of MCA bifurcation aneurysms.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.3_4
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• pp.92-98
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• 1971

With Saxidomus Purpuratus which were sampled near Yungdo, in the harbor of Pusan during the period from September 1967 to October 1968, the author investigated the maturity against seasonal change of water temperature; and shell length, height and width against live weight, respectively, and the reciprocal correlations of shell length, height and width, as well. The maturity, concerned deeply with tile developing procedure of gonad, is dependent on the change in water temperature. The value of maturity becomes higher from March to May, but in August with high temperature the value decreases temporarily. During the main spawning season from the late August to the middle of October, the value shows the peak throughout a year. After the period, it has decreased until January when the water temperature is below $10^{\circ}C$ The equations of shell length against live weight for male($W=0.4749L^{2.62307}$)and for female ($W=0.3438L^{2.77993}$) shell height against live weight ($W=0.3221L^{3.06661}$), and shell width against live weight ($W=3.5868L^{2.46646}$), show non-straight lines respectively. On the other hand, th: equations of shell length against shell height Y=0.818x+0.292 (r=0.958), shell length against shell width Y=0.520x+0.200 (r=0.799) and shell height against shell width Y=0.499x+0.516 (r=0.773) show straight lines, respectively.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.2 s.97
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• pp.73-84
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• 2003

This study was performed to find out how much projection errors in the cephalometric measurements were made by vertical head rotation in taking posteroanterior cephalograms. 25 adults without any apparent facial asymmetry or severe sagittal skeletal discrepancy were selected and the posteroanterior cephalograms were taken with the head rotated $5^{\circ},\;10^{\circ}$ superior and inferior each to the reference $position(0^{\circ})$. The 7 height, 5 width and 6 angular measurements were taken at each 5 positions. Through the statistical analysis of all measurements taken at each rotated position, folowing results were obtained.1. The projection errors of height measurements were remarkably target than those of width or angular measure nents. f. Among the height measurements, the farther to the rotation axis the measurements were, the larger the projection errors were. 3. Among the width measurements, mandibular width and mandibular width of mandibular first molars showed significant differences between the values taken at each rotated position, while nasal width, maxillary width and intermolar width of maxillary first molars did not. 4. Among the angular measurements, the angle between horizontal reference line and the line that is connected to crista galli and antegonion or maxillare showed significant differences between the values taken at each rotated Position. The above results suggest that it is needed to the effort to keep constant head position for taking the useful posteroanterior cephalogra, because projection errors are caused by vertical head rotation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.761-776
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the form of the clinical crowns in the maxillary anterior segment and the clinical feature of gingiva such as morphological characteristics and the gingival thickness. Fifty periodontally healthy subjects were clinically examined regarding the probing depth, the thickness of the free gingiva, and the width of the keratinized gingiva. From study models of the maxillary anterior region, the width at cervical third(CW) and the length(CL) of the clinical crown, the papillary height, and the gingival angle of the 6 anterior teeth were measured. Each tooth was classified into 4 groups (longnarrow, NL; narrow, N; wide, W; short-wide, WS) according to CW/CL ratio and all the data were compared between groups NL and WS using independent t-test. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed for each tooth region with the gingival thickness at the level of sulcus bottom, the width of keratinized gingiva, and gingival angle as the dependent variables. As the results, the NL group of the upper anterior teeth displayed, higher papilla height, and narrower keratinized gingiva, more acute gingival angle resulting in pronounced "scalloped" contour of the gingival margin, compared to the WS group. There was no significant difference between groups NL and WS with respect to probing depth and the gingival thickness. The regression analyses demonstrated that the gingival thickness in central incisors was significantly associated to the mesio-distal width and bucco-lingual width of the crown, and labial probing depth. The width of keratinized gingiva was significantly associated with labial probing depth in central incisors and with proximal probing depth and gingival angle in lateral incisors, and with labial and proximal probing depth, and gingival angle in canines. The gingival angle was significantly associated with papillary height and CW/CL ratio and additionally with proximal probing depth in central incisors, with the width of keratinized gingiva in lateral incisors, and with labial probing depth and the width of keratinized gingiva in canines. These results indicate that the form of clinical crown in upper anterior region could influence the clinical feature of gingiva and the influencing factors might be different according to the tooth region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2009

The traffic volume of Seoul is extremely high in comparison to other major cities in Korea, and the result has been harmful physical and mental exposure to pollution by Seoulites on a regular basis. The street air pollution is more important than the others, because the air pollution generated by street traffic directly impacts the health of nearby pedestrians. This problem requires urgent attention and resolution. Among the factors creating the air pollution originating from the street, is the configuration of streets, which have emerged as the most significant because it is related to air and pollutant dispersion. Therefore, this study was conducted under the assumption that street form affects the air quality. Study sites were classified by street characteristics, and air quality was analyzed in each class. Then the OSPM (Operational Street Pollution Model) was employed to simulate the relationship between street configuration and air quality of streets within the old city center and new city center in Seoul. After that this study analyzed the correlation between air pollution and the spatial configuration of urban streets (ex. street width, building height, building density, etc.) to determine their contributions to air pollution. The outcome of this study is as follows : First, the result that was derived from the correlation analysis between street configuration and air quality hewed that the air pollution of the street is influenced by the average height of building, width of the roads as well as traffic volume. On the roadside, the concentration level of $NO_2$ is mainly affected by the average height of building and the deviation of building height along the street and CO is affected by street width. The outcome of this study can be used as a basis for more sound urban design policies, and the promotion of desirable street environments for pedestrians.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 2019

Ocean waves are the driving force for the sediment transport and the beach process. However, wave actions are nonlinear and non-stationary, and the response of the beach is inconsistent in terms of reaction rate and magnitude. Therefore, the beach process is difficult to predict accurately. The purpose of this study is to identify the correlations between the shoreline change and ocean waves observed in the east coast of Korea. The relation of the beach width obtained from video monitoring at five sandy beaches and the wave data obtained from nearby wave monitoring at three points was analyzed. Although the correlations estimated over the whole data sets was not significant, the correlations estimated based on the seasonal period or wave conditions provided more noteworthy information. When the non-exceedance probability of the wave height was greater than 0.99, the wave period and beach width showed strong negative correlations. In case the non-exceedance probability of the wave period was greater than 0.99, the wave height and beach width showed strong negative correlations as well. Furthermore, the erosion rate of the beach width increased when the primary wave direction was close to normal to the coastline. Little significant seasonal or monthly change was found between the beach width and the wave, but it was greatly affected by intensive events such as typhoons. Thus, it is necessary to analyze in detail the wave height or period level explaining the change of beach width for more relevant and practical information.