• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.618-623
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• 2015

국립원예특작과학원에서는 무름병에는 감수성이지만 다화성인 'Childsiana' 품종과 무름병에 강하지만 절화수량이 적은 'Wedding March' 품종을 각각 모본과 부본으로 인공 교배하여 얻은 실생계통으로부터 2005년부터 2011년까지 구근양성 및 생육개화특성검정, 무름병저항성 검정, 소비자 기호도 평가를 수행하여 2011년 무름병 저항성 백색칼라 신품종 'White Cutie'를 육성하였다. 백색(RHS W155C) 화색의 'White Cutie'는 화포의 길이와 폭이 각각 8.6cm, 8.7cm인 중형 품종이다. 개화소요일수가 85.6일로 짧은 조기개화성 품종으로, 연간 채화수량도 주당 6.2개 정도로 많은 다화성 품종이다. 무름병 저항성 품종으로 구근증식량(13.4개/주) 매우 우수하고 소비자기호도가 높다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2008

최근에 국내의 도로건설계획은 기존도로의 선형을 개량하거나 변경하는 데에 중점을 두므로, 건설하고자 하는 도로는 보다 현재 직선화되고 있는 추세이다. 국내의 지형은 대부분 산악지로 구성되어 있어 도로선형의 직선화에 따라 많은 교량과 터널의 계획이 불가피하며, 일부 산악터널의 갱구부는 터널굴착시 작업공간이 협소한 가파른 지형을 갖는 산안 계곡에 위치하는 경우가 있다. 이와 같이 가파른 지형에 터널 갱구부 굴착시 대안으로 역방향 굴착을 들 수 있는데, 3가지의 중요한 고려사항이 있다. 첫째, 적정한 폭, 높이, 그리고 길이로 Pilot 터널을 계획하는 것이며, 둘째, 터널 갱구부의 편토압에 대한 영향을 평가하는 것이고, 셋째, 갱구부의 얕은 심도의 지반조건에 대한 터널 안전성을 확보하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 3차원 수치해석에 의해 얻어진 결과를 토대로 역방향 굴착의 적정성 및 Pilot 터널의 적용 범위를 제안코자 한다. 해석결과 Pilot 터널은 터널 안쪽 $20{\sim}25m$ 지점 전부터 갱구부 쪽으로 굴착하는 것이 적정함을 보이고 있다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 차량 주변 환경의 변화에서도 번호판 영역을 검출하는 연구를 하였다. 그래서 주변 환경 변화에 적응하는 윤곽선 추출 기반의 자동차 번호판 검출 방법을 제안하였다 제안하는 방법은 윤곽선 추출 과정에서 불필요한 잡음 부분을 제거하기 위해 DoG(Difference of Gaussian)을 이용하여 윤곽선을 추출 하였다. 추출한 윤곽선 영상를 이진화하여 Mophology operation을 사용하여 문자부분 윤곽선을 강조시켰다. 그리고 문자의 종횡비를 판별하여 번호판의 문자와 유사한 비율의 윤곽선을 추출하였다. 그리고 윤곽이 가장 길게 이어진 경우를 차량 번호판으로 추정하여 검출 하였다. 본 연구에서는 차량 정면 뿐 아니라 기울어져 있는 차량의 번호판, 차량 주변 환경의 변화를 가지는 차량 번호판 등 다양한 130개의 차량 영상 데이터를 사용하였다. 그리고 번호판의 패턴이 다른 오토바이 영상에서도 실험 하였다. 실험 결과 기울어져 있는 영상은 93%, 다양한 배경 환경에서는 90% 오토바이영상에서는 70%의 검출률을 나타냈으나 정면의 영상에서 98%의 검출률을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to develop objective methods for evaluating facial palsy sequelae using a 3D Facial Scanning System. Methods : Fifty-eight patients with facial palsy sequelae were selected. Their medical records were reviewed to collect demographic data, facial palsy sequelae evaluation, Facial Disability Index questionnaire, and test results (3D Facial Scanning System). Five different facial expressions (at rest, eye closure, eyebrow elevation, smiling, and whistling) were photographed. Sunnybrook Scale was associated with distances between predetermined facial points. Results : The average Sunnybrook composite score was $58.88{\pm}17.31$. Secondary movements (mouth to eye synkinesis, contracture of eye, and contracture of mouth) showed significant difference according to the Sunnybrook Scale. In voluntary movements, eyebrow height at eyebrow elevation, length between mouth angle and central line while whistling, and eyelid width at maximum eye opening showed significant difference. Facial palsy Sequelae Index (FSI) was correlated with Sunnybrook sub-scales (resting symmetry, voluntary movement, and synkinesis). Conclusion : These results demonstrate that a 3D Facial Scanning System is useful for evaluating facial palsy sequelae. This method may facilitate objective evaluation for facial palsy sequelae and it could be applied in clinical trials.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Purpose: Recently, a three dimensional approach to hard and soft tissues of the maxillofacial area has been widely used. This study was to evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of a stereocamera compared to actual measurement methods using a digital caliper and digitizer. Methods: The stereoscopies of 7 head dummies with different sizes and shapes were obtained using a Di3D system (Dimensional Imaging, Glasgow, UK) after marking reference points on facial areas. From the obtained stereoscopy, 10 measurements representing the width, height and depth of each of the facial sections of the dummy were measured twice using a three dimensional reverse engineering software program (RapidForm$^{TM}$ 2006, Inus, Seoul, Korea). The x, y, and z coordinates of each of the three dimensional measurements were obtained and distances between two points were calculated. All procedures were repeated twice. The actual measurement method was performed twice, directly on dummies, using a digital caliper and values were compared with the previously determined values. Results: The results were as follows. In the ANOVA analysis, there were no significant statistical differences among the three measurement methods. In the Bonferroni analysis, with adjustments applied for multiple comparisons, there was no difference between actual measurement methods using a digitizer and a digital caliper. However, there was some difference between using a stereocamera and actual measurement methods using a digitizer and a digital caliper in values of $Ex_{Rt}-Ex_{Lt}$, $En_{Rt}-En_{Lt}$, $Ala_{Rt}-Ala_{Lt}$, $Ch_{Rt}-Ch_{Lt}$, G-Pg', $Ala_{Rt}$-Prn, $Ala_{Rt}$-Prn. The mean value for technical error in measurement (TEM) in Di3D (0.98 mm) was slightly higher than for a digital caliper (0.17 mm) and a digitizer (0.30 mm). In an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) there were no significant differences among the three measurement methods, but the Di3D system with the stereocamera showed relatively lower reproducibility compared to actual measurement methods using a digitizer and a digital caliper. Conclusion: These results indicate that some complementary measures may be needed to improve accuracy and reproducibility in the Di3D system with stereocamera.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.62-62
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• 2018

Pt is still considered as one of the most active electrocatalysts for ORR in alkaline fuel cells. However, the high cost and scarcity of Pt hamper the widespread commercialization of fuel cells. As a strong candidate for the replacement of Pt catalyst, silver (Ag) has been extensively studied due to its high activity, abundance, and low cost. Ag is more stable than Pt in the pH range of 8~14 as the equilibrium potential of Ag/Ag+ being ${\approx}200mV$ higher than that of Pt/PtO. However, Ag is the overall catalytic activity of Ag for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is still not comparable to Pt catalyst since the surface Ag atoms are approximately 10 times less active than Pt atoms. Therefore, further enhancement in the ORR activity of Ag catalysts is necessary to be competitive with current cutting-edge Pt-based catalysts. We demonstrate the architectural design of Ag catalysts, synthesized using plasma discharge in liquid phase, for enhanced ORR kinetics in alkaline media. An attractive feature of this work is that the plasma status controlled via electric-field could form the Ag nanowires or dendrites without any chemical agents. The plasma reactor was made of a Teflon vessel with an inner diameter of 80 mm and a height of 80 mm, where a pair of tungsten(W) electrodes with a diameter of 2 mm was placed horizontally. The stock solutions were made by dissolving the 5-mM AgNO3 in DI water. For the synthesis of Agnanowires, the electricfield of 3.6kVcm-1 in a 200-ml AgNO3 aqueous solution was applied across the electrodes using a bipolar pulsed power supply(Kurita, Seisakusyo Co. Ltd). The repetition rate and pulse width were fixed at 30kHz and 2.0 us, respectively. The plasma discharge was carried out for a fixed reaction time of 60 min. In case of Ag nanodendrites, the electric field of 32kVcm-1 in a 200-ml AgNO3 aqueous solution was applied and other conditions were identical to the plasma discharge in water in terms of electrode configuration, repetition rate and discharge time. Using SEM and STEM, morphology of Ag nanowires and dendrites were investigated. With 3.6 kV/cm, Ag nanowire was obtained, while Ag dendrite was constructed with 32 kV/cm. The average diameter and legth of Ag nanowireses were 50 nm and 3.5 um, and thoes values of Ag dendrites were 40 nm and 3.0 um. As a results of XPS analysis, the surface defects in the Ag nanowires facilitated O2 incorporation into the surface region via the interaction between the oxygen and the electron cloud of the adjacent Ag atoms. The catalytic activity of Ag for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) showed that the catalytic ORR activity of Ag nanowires are much better than Ag nanodendrites, and electron transfer number of Ag nanowires is similar to that of Pt (${\approx}4$).

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2018

PV/Thermal module is the combined system, which consist of a photovoltaic module and solar thermal collector that can obtain electrical power and thermal energy simultaneously. Thus the power generation can be increase by decreasing the temperature of photovoltaic module and thermal energy retrieved from module also can be used for heating system. In this study, Heat transfer performance of air type PV/Thermal module was confirmed with various bottom obstacles that can be installed easily to real photovoltaic module by CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis. Eight type obstacles were investigated according to the shape and arrangement. As a result, nusselt number represent heat transfer performance was increased about 86% compare with the basic type PV/Tthermal module that has no obstacle and triangle type obstacle had higher value than other types. But pressure drop was also increased with increment of heat transfer enhancement. Thus the performance factor considering both heat transfer and pressure drop was confirmed and V-fin type obstacle arranged in a row for Reynolds number below 9,600 and protrusion type obstacle arranged in zigzag for Reynolds number above 14,400 were shown higher performance factor than other types. From these results, V-fin type obstacle arranged in row and protrusion type obstacle arranged in zigzag were considered as a proper type for applying to real PV/thermal module according to operating condition. But the heat transfer performance can be changed by the geometric conditions of obstacle such as height, width, length and arrangement. Thus, it could also confirmed that the optimal condition and arrangement of this obstacle need to be found in further study.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 ASC(Area Scan Camera)를 이용한 비젼시스템과 belt type xy-table을 사용하여 metal mask의 홀 생성유무 검사시스템을 개발하고, 적용할 수 있는 알고리즘을 소개한다. Metal mask의 전체 영역을 일정한 크기의 검사영역으로 분할한다. 각각의 검사영역의 크기는 ASC의 FOV(Field of View)와 동일하다. 이때 belt type xy-table에서 발생하는 위치오차를 고려하여 일정영역을 중첩하여 분할한다. 검사블록에 대한 카메라이미지는 gerber 파일을 이용하여 생성한 기준이미지와 비교된다. 검사장치에 장착된 metal mask의 회전각도를 계산하기 위하여 존재하는 가장 큰 홀에 대한 카메라이미지를 획득하고, 홀의 수평 에지를 추출한 후 직선의 방정식을 이용한다. Belt type xy-table의 backslash와 같은 기계적 결함에 의해 기준 이미지와 카메라이미지에 존재하는 홀 사이에는 위치오차가 존재한다. 두 이미지를 일치시키기 위해 각 이미지에 존재하는 홀의 무게중심점을 이용한 HT(Hough-Transform)을 사용하여 위치오차정보를 추출하고, 기준이미지의 중심점을 이동시킨다. 각각의 이미지에 존재하는 홀에 대한 무게중심점, 면적, 가로길이, 세로길이 등의 정보를 레이블링을 통하여 구한다. 두 이미지에 존재하는 홀의 무게중심점과 면적을 이용하여 홀의 생성 유무를 판단한다. 그리고 실제로 시스템을 제작하여 위 알고리즘을 적용한다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2020

In domestic construction sites, when installing steel pipe scaffolding and system scaffolding, the guardrails are installed after the installation of the work platforms. This conventional guardrail system (CGS) is always exposed to the risk of falls because the safety railing is installed later. In order to prevent fall disasters during erecting and dismantling scaffolds, it is necessary to introduce the advanced guardrail system (AGS) which installs railings in advance of climbing onto a work platform. For the introduction of the AGS, the structural performance of the system scaffolding applying the CGS and the AGS was compared and evaluated. The structural analysis of the system scaffold (height: 31 m and width: 27.4 m) with AGS confirmed that structural safety was ensured because the maximum stress of each element of the system scaffolding satisfies the allowable stress of each element. As a result of performance comparison of CGS and AGS for each element, the combined stress ratio of vertical posts in AGS was 6.4% lower than that of CGS. In addition, in the case of ledger and transom, the combined stress ratios of AGS and CGS were almost the same. The compression test of the assembled system scaffolding (three-storied, 1 bay) showed that the AGS had better performance than the CGS by 9.7% (8.91 kN). The cross bracing exceeds the limit on slenderness ratio of codes for structural steel design. But the safety factor for the compressive load of the cross bracing was evaluated as meeting the design criteria by securing 3 or more. In actual experiments, it was confirmed that brace buckling did not occur even though the overall scaffold was buckled. Therefore, in the case of temporary structures, it was proposed to revise the standards for limiting on slenderness ratio of secondary or auxiliary elements to recommendations. This study can be used as basic data for the introduction of AGS for installing guardrails in advance at domestic construction sites.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

본 연구는 경기도 가평지역에 조성한 잣나무 차대검정림을 대상으로 가계별 영양생장에 미치는 생리적 특성을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 연구대상지의 18년생 잣나무 차대검정림의 가계별 생장은 평균수고 5.9m, 평균흉고직경은 8.9cm, 평균흉고단면적은 $12.0m^2$, ha당 평균재적은 $46.5m^3$였다. 전체 25개 가계의 생장을 상 중 하로 구분한 결과 가장 우수한 생장을 보인 가계는 20번 가계였으며, 평균적인 생장을 보인 가계는 10번 가계, 그리고 가장 저조한 생장을 보인 가계는 3번 가계로 판명되었다. 이러한 가계별 생장특성은 광도 증가에 따fms 잣나무의 제철별 광합성속도의 변화와 일치하는 경향을 보였으며, 이는 4계절(겨울 봄 여름 가을) 모두 동일한 결과를 보였다. 계절별 광합성 분석결과에 의하면 겨울에서 봄을 지나 여름으로 갈수록 광합성속도가 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 엽록소 함량도 계절별로 같은 경향을 보였다. 특히 생장이 가장 우수한 20번 가계가 다른 가계들보다도 높은 엽록소 함량을 나타냈으며 엽장(葉長), 침엽의 두께, 동화 기관(同化器官)의 중량 및 기공 수에서도 더 높은 값을 나타내었다. 반면에 수분이용 효율은 모든 계절에서 가장 생장이 저조한 3번 가계가 다른 가계보다 높게 나타나 광합성과는 반대의 경향을 보였으며, 계절별로는 겨울철에서 생장기간인 봄철 및 여름철을 경과하면서 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.