• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.344-347
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• 2000

We analyze the variation of coupling length as a function of the waveguide width for a directional coupler. It is interesting that the coupling length is not monotonic function of waveguide width for a given distance between the centers. The waveguide width for a maximum coupling length can be utilized for the optimum design of a directional coupler.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.668-674
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• 2003

Rigid-plastic finite element analyses on the deformation of slabs at various width reductions have been performed. By using commercial finite element code, dog-bone profile, crop profile and the longitudinal width profile after edging and Horizontal rolling have been analysed. The deformation behavior of slab for the heavy edger mill has also been compared with that for the sizing press. From the deformation analyses, it was found that the sizing press-horizontal rolling method is more efficient in width reduction than that of heavy edger mill-horizontal rolling. The results of finite element analyses fer the deformation of slab were well confirmed by the actual operational data. It was found that the amount of width variation after sizing and rolling is about 5∼10mm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 1986

The objectives of this study are to investigate the variation of the sleeve form by changing arm movements and to study the relationship among the three aspects of sleeve (sleeve height, width and armhole girth) by changing arm movements. Plasrun gyps were used for this experimental research. The subjects of this study were elementary schoolgirls (9$\~$12 years old). Arm mevements were 4 types($0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;135^{\circ}$) to the vertical directions. The statistical methods used to analyze the data included mean, standard deviation, the Pearson's correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. According to the arm movements, the sleeve form changed more in the front than in the back. 2. As the arm movements were increased vertically, the heights of sleeves and the girths of the armholes were decreased, and the widths of sleeves were increased. 3. Variation rates by changing arm movements were different according to the variation of arm movement, and were the highest in sleeve height. 4. There was a negative correlation between sleeve height and width, and a positive correlation between sleeve height and armhole girth.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2000

This study was initiated to investigate similarity and intraspecific variation in pollen morphology of korean subgenus. lepidobalanus Endl, of the genus Quercus L. The parameters measured were polar axis length (PL), equatorial width (EW), colpus length (CL) and copus width (CW), and PE (PL/EW) retios were calculated. The cluster analysis based on these variables of this result showed that the similarity between Q. acutissima Carruther and Q. variabilis Blume was the highest. Wide variation in the pollen grain size of Quercus dentata Thunb. ex Murray might imply, the existence of polyploid and/or aneuploid forms. Studies of ploidy levels within species are recommended for Lepidobalanus species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1060-1071
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of clothing cues(sleeve and skirt width, length) on female impressions. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales. The stimuli are 16 pictures manipulated with sleeve and skirt width · length variations by computer drawing. The experimental design consists of 3 factorial design: (1) sleeve shapes(plain, upper expanded, below expanded, all expanded) (2) skirt width (wide, narrow) (3) skirt length(long, short) The 7-point semantic differential response scale designed for visual evaluation of female' s impression formation on sleeve shape and skirt width · length is 27 bipolar adjectives. The results of this study are as follows: 1. When we analize the impressions of female figure by sleeve shape and width · length of skirt, it becomes clear that maturity, modernity, attention, elegance and tenderness are proved to be important. Among these five factors, maturity, modernity and attention are identified as more important ones. 2. Sleeve shape have an effect on all factors except maturity and the effects of sleeve on the four factors are not striking. ' Width of skirt are most influential to the maturity and attention, but it does not have any effect on modernity. However two factor, that is width of skirt and sleeve have an effects on modernity, attention and tenderness. ' The length of skirt has an effects on the tenderness, elegance and modernity, but it dose not have any effect on attention. But width and length of skirt have an effects on attention, tenderness and modernity The length of skirt and sleeve have an effect on tenderness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.26-31
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• 2015

The domestic and foreign specifications presented the effective width based on flange length to width ratio only. The existing paper on the effective width grasped of the effect of span, load type and cross-section properties, but localized steel bridges. Recently, The studies are going on in progress for the application of fiber reinforced composite material in construction field. Therefore, it is required to optimum design that have a good grasp the deformation characteristic of the displacements and stresses distribution and predict variation of the effective width for serviceability loading. This research addresses the effective width of all composite material box girder bridges using the finite element method. The characteristics of the effective width of composite structures may vary according to several causes, e.g., change of fibers, aspect, etc. Parametric studies were conducted to determine the effective width on the stress elastic analysis of all composite materials box bridges, with interesting observations. The various results through numerical analysis will present an important document for construct all composite material bridges.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.5 s.142
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• pp.703-714
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to acquire various methods for the fashion image coordination and to examine common features of variation of coordination methods according to the trend. It has attained by investigating Men's fashion image coordination through trend analysis in terms of its coordination features and its variety aspects. For this study, it has classified into twelve typical Men's fashion images in collecting 1,291 pieces of photographs on the subject of jackets and pants from Men's fashion collection$(1995\~2002)$. The study has examined methods and features of fashion image coordination by year according to design elements and the harmony between items. In addition, it has drawn common factors in the image coordination. The summary and conclusion are as follows. A year of 1995, it has presented as the essential code of the variation that morphologic aspects of a design in the fashion image coordination. Various designs have developed through the variation of shapes such as shoulder width, shoulder pad, jacket width and its length and so on. In the initial stage, the width of shoulder and jacket has fitted into large pattern and then adjusted elegantly to make fit the body that indicates a dissolution according to an avant-garde image. At the time that over-measurement of the shape has reduced and high quality and variation of materials has gradually become significant. Those are often used that high-quality glossy materials or other materials which are opposite to the basic code of the original fashion image materials and qualities regardless of images. On the pattern and color, in addition, have represented neat and elegant impression with moderate applications rather than quantitative abundance that have used opposite elements to the basic code f3r the change code like materials. Furthermore, before and after 1999, ' it shows that a concept of the total coordination has arisen that increased coordination methods to strengthen and affluent its images for the whole with wearing accessaries such as hats, gloves, sunglasses, mufflers, bags, belts and so on.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.781-787
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• 2004

The variation of channel bed which shows the complex hydraulic characteristics at channel junction was investigated by variation of discharge ratio and location of pier. As discharge ratio increase, the depth and width of erosion region become bigger to point of 63% of channel width in case of 1:0.5 discharge ratio. It was observed that the maximum scour depth at the point of 0.5 times of the channel width in the channel junction as 2.5 times bigger than straight channel. It means that the maximum scour depth at the channel junction is 2 times greater than by experimental formulas which are widely used in practical engineering, location of pier should be determined when it is installed in channel junction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.8 s.185
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• pp.137-144
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• 2006

This study is concerned with the relation between steelbelt width and belt edge separation of a tire. Belt edge separation causes tire burst and threatens passenger's safety. For the reason, it is important to predict durability caused by belt edge separation in the early stage of the tire structure design. Usually, passenger car tires have two layers of steelbelts having opposite steel cord's angles, which makes a shear behaviour between each belt layer. Shear behaviour is one of reason to cause belt edge separation. In this study, to predict belt edge separation, we suggested the prediction method of belt edge separation and evaluated the effect of steelbelt width on the belt edge separation using FEM. We also studied on main parameters to affect shear behaviour at the belt edge area.

• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.214-223
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to understand the conservation of gene resources and provide information for mass selection' of winter bud characters among the selected populations of Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz using analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests. The obtained results are shown below; 1. Ten populations of K. septemlobus were selected for the study of the variation of winter bud characters in Korea. The results of the analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests shows that there were statistically significant differences in all of the winter bud characters among those populations. 2. Correlation analysis shows that width between Height and DBH(Diameter at breast height) characters have negative relationship with all of the characters, as ABL(Apical branch length), ABW(Apical branch width), AWBL(Apical branch winter bud length), AWBW(Apical branch winter bud width), ABT(Apical branch No. of thorns), ABLB(Apical branch No. of lateral bud) and LBL(Lateral branch length), LBW(Lateral branch width), LBT(Lateral branch No. of thorns), LBLB(Lateral branch No. of lateral bud). 3. The result of principal component analysis(PCA) for winter buds showed that the first principal components(PC' s) to the fourth principal component explains about 78% of the total variation. The first principal component(PC) was correlated with AWBW, LWBW, and LBL and the ratio of ABL/ABW and LBL/LBW out of 16 winter bud characters. The second principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, ABLB, LWBL(Lateral branch winter bud length), and LBW and the ratio of AWBL/AWBW. The third principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, LWBL, LBL, and the ratio of LBL/LBW. The fourth principal component correlated with LBL and the ratio of LWBL/LWBW(Lateral branch winter bud width), LBL/LBW. Therefore, these characters were important to analysis of the variation for winter bud characters among selected populations of K. septemlobus in Korea. 4. Cluster analysis using the average linkage method based on 10 selected populations for the 16 winter bud characters of K. septemlobus in Korea showed a clustering into two groups by level of distance 1.1(Fig. 3). As can be seen in Fig. 3, Group I consisted of three areas(Mt. Sori, Mt. Balwang and Mt. Worak) and Group Ⅱ contisted of seven areas(Suwon, Mt. Chuwang, Mt. Kyeryong, Mt. Kaji, Mt. Jiri, Muan, and Mt. Halla). The result of cluster analysis for winter bud characters corresponded well with principal component analysis, as is shown in Fig. 2.