• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.161-177
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• 2015

With the rapid evolution of technology, the size, number, and the type of databases has increased concomitantly, so data mining approaches face many challenging applications from databases. One such application is discovery of fraud patterns from agricultural product wholesale transaction instances. The agricultural product wholesale market in Korea is huge, and vast numbers of transactions have been made every day. The demand for agricultural products continues to grow, and the use of electronic auction systems raises the efficiency of operations of wholesale market. Certainly, the number of unusual transactions is also assumed to be increased in proportion to the trading amount, where an unusual transaction is often the first sign of fraud. However, it is very difficult to identify and detect these transactions and the corresponding fraud occurred in agricultural product wholesale market because the types of fraud are more intelligent than ever before. The fraud can be detected by verifying the overall transaction records manually, but it requires significant amount of human resources, and ultimately is not a practical approach. Frauds also can be revealed by victim's report or complaint. But there are usually no victims in the agricultural product wholesale frauds because they are committed by collusion of an auction company and an intermediary wholesaler. Nevertheless, it is required to monitor transaction records continuously and to make an effort to prevent any fraud, because the fraud not only disturbs the fair trade order of the market but also reduces the credibility of the market rapidly. Applying data mining to such an environment is very useful since it can discover unknown fraud patterns or features from a large volume of transaction data properly. The objective of this research is to empirically investigate the factors necessary to detect fraud transactions in an agricultural product wholesale market by developing a data mining based fraud detection model. One of major frauds is the phantom transaction, which is a colluding transaction by the seller(auction company or forwarder) and buyer(intermediary wholesaler) to commit the fraud transaction. They pretend to fulfill the transaction by recording false data in the online transaction processing system without actually selling products, and the seller receives money from the buyer. This leads to the overstatement of sales performance and illegal money transfers, which reduces the credibility of market. This paper reviews the environment of wholesale market such as types of transactions, roles of participants of the market, and various types and characteristics of frauds, and introduces the whole process of developing the phantom transaction detection model. The process consists of the following 4 modules: (1) Data cleaning and standardization (2) Statistical data analysis such as distribution and correlation analysis, (3) Construction of classification model using decision-tree induction approach, (4) Verification of the model in terms of hit ratio. We collected real data from 6 associations of agricultural producers in metropolitan markets. Final model with a decision-tree induction approach revealed that monthly average trading price of item offered by forwarders is a key variable in detecting the phantom transaction. The verification procedure also confirmed the suitability of the results. However, even though the performance of the results of this research is satisfactory, sensitive issues are still remained for improving classification accuracy and conciseness of rules. One such issue is the robustness of data mining model. Data mining is very much data-oriented, so data mining models tend to be very sensitive to changes of data or situations. Thus, it is evident that this non-robustness of data mining model requires continuous remodeling as data or situation changes. We hope that this paper suggest valuable guideline to organizations and companies that consider introducing or constructing a fraud detection model in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.376-381
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate price transmissions between wholesale and retail markets regarding Jeju tangerines by employing co-integration analysis and vector error correction model. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the long-run equilibrium relationship was found among wholesale and retail markets in time series for level by distribution channel. Second, a short-run causality relationship was observed between wholesale and retail markets. Third, the long-run causality relationship between wholesale market and retail markets was found bidirectional and feedback effect. These results imply that the wholesale price performs a central role in establishing price in the tangerine market, and the wholesale market influences tangerine price. In conclusion, for the development of a competitive tangerine industry, it is necessary to aggressively promote the policy of supply and demand control of tangerine production through organizing producers.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2008

This article aims to identify the current status of outsourced production of Dongdaemun brands and to discover the consumers' perception of those outsourced products, their degree of satisfaction, and preference in purchasing those products. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses of the outsourced products, as perceived by the consmers, have been identified, and specific methods and directions for efficient overseas outsourcing of Dongdaemun brands are suggested. This study also contains experimental works, in which I have prepared questionnaires, and my advisor have collected data. This survey was conducted on corporation managers, who directly operated clothing stores in Dongdaemun Market in December 2007. The collected data have been analyzed using SPSS 12.0 with various techniques such as t-test, paired t-test, frequency analysis and $X^2$-test. The results are summarized as the following: a) Comparison of the current outsourcing status of Dongdaemun brands showed that only eight out of the total 42 investigated companies have actually been outsourcing the production of their clothes. The biggest advantage of outsourcing was the reduced unit production cost, while low quality of products, delayed production, difficulty of control and management were shown as its disadvantages; b) the reason for purchasing clothes in Dongdaemun Market was to buy various clothing products. Comparing these reasons among different groups showed that there was a significant discrepancy in terms of trend design and copy design, in which wholesale consumers had shown a higher degree than retail consumers; c) and the preference for outsourced products of Dongdaemun brands was negative in both wholesale consumers (71.05%) and retail consumers (83.54%), as they both prefer clothes manufactured in Korea. Both groups selected the expensive price as the biggest disadvantage of Korean products, and picked design as the biggest strength of the outsourced clothes. Furthennore, both wholesale consumers (63.16%) and retail consumers (74.68%) selected Italy as the most preferred country for outsourcing clothing production. in which their reason had been their expectation for good product quality. The least preferred country for both wholesale (47.37%) and retail (50.63%) consumers was China, a country which they expected poor product quality.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.354-356
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• 2002

In this paper a technical consideration is made on the AGC operation under the wholesale market in Korea in view of the signal connection between EMS and power plants for AGC. We review the market rules related AGC operation first. Then we investigate the current AGC connection to measure the level of the satisfaction for the every term in the rules.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.176-178
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• 2001

This paper presents the application draft of ancillary services for Korean Wholesale Electricity Market. This application draft of ancillary services is based on technical rules for ancillary services agreements prepared by KEMA and the present conditions of KEPCO system operations and future directions.

• Korean Architects
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• s.485
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• pp.90-91
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• 2009

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 2010

The objectives of this study are to estimate the number of employed persons related to agriculture in agribusiness, to determine any factors affecting changes in employed persons, based on the Input-Output Tables in 1995, 2000, and 2005. The number of employed persons related to Crops in the input industry of agriculture was 184,076 in 1995, 186,616 in 2000, and 193,394 in 2005. The sectors with higher number of employed persons were in; Agriculture, forestry and fishing related services, Wholesale and retail trade, Fertilizers and agricultural chemicals, and Forest products, etc. The number of employed persons related to Animals in the input industry of agriculture was 46,6166 in 1995, 28,886 in 2000, and 35,714 in 2005. The sectors with higher number of employed persons were in; Wholesale and retail trade, Prepared livestock feeds, Agriculture, forestry and fishing related services, and Forest products, etc. The number of employed persons related to Crops in post-farm gate industries was 184,076 in 1995, 186,616 in 2000, and 193,394 in 2005. The sectors with higher number of employed persons were in; Accommodation and food services, Other food products, Wholesale and retail trade, and Polished grains, flour and milled cereals, etc. The number of employed persons related to Animals in the post-farm gate industries was 184,076 in 1995, 186,616 in 2000, and 193,394 in 2005. The sectors with higher number of employed persons were in; Meat and dairy products, Wholesale and retail trade, Accommodation and food services, and Land transport, etc. In 2005, the number of employed persons related to agriculture in agribusiness per 1,000 employed persons in agriculture was 211, in the input industries in agriculture it was 53, and in the post-farm gate industries it was 158.gribusiness.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.150-158
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• 2010

There are lots of buildings with their deterioration in wholesale markets which have high concentration that can cause big fire due to difficulty of installing fire protection system in fire compartment, absence of safety awareness, access by many and unspecified people. There had been big fire that caused by these kind of fire weakness such as Seomun Market's in 2005 which costed tens of millions dollar, Dongmun Shopping District’s with 7 casualties. Now counter-measure against these fire is urgently needed. This study drew characteristic of current condition of wholesale markets and the one classified by main agent, fire cases and prevention of fire through statistical data. Also, current condition of fire prevention management and actual state were investigated by conducting a survey of person in charge of fire prevention and current practician. As a result, it was shown that securing professionalism of fire prevention, improvement of structural weakness of buildings, obtaining reliability on performance of fire protection system and internal fire education against practician in the market are needed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.153-164
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• 2016

Purpose - In general, large companies have larger organizations, funds, and systems to provide more effective and efficient services in the market. However, development needs to support the livelihood of ordinary citizens who work for small businesses as well. This research suggests that a new distribution channel, called a "foothold style Kosa mart," that cooperates jointly with a distribution center and a large discount mart can provide direct solutions to small and mid-size distributors. This new distribution channel can achieve a limited type of "Nadle shop (small supermarket) foster project" related to building a joint distribution center and improvement in wholesale supply. Research design, data, and methodology - Data about the Korea distribution situation, the Nadle stores, and the logistics centers were collected from literature, Statistics Korea, journals, and reports. Specifically, we investigated information about Kosa Mart and Nadle stores. We focused on the redesign of the distribution center for the Nadle store. Results - The Kosa Mart distribution center now includes 18 warehouses, and has been handling 2000-3000 items. Most of the warehouses have been simply designed and items loaded and stored without refrigeration; thus, it is possible to store only products of certain manufactured goods. The current logistics center has no wholesale function because it failed to resolve the joint purchasing and product supply issues of competitively priced products. Conclusions - This study aimed to identify ways to strengthen the competitiveness of small- and medium-sized retailers. A Kosa Mart redesign aims to unifying the logistics center, stores, and customers. First, the joint wholesale logistics system, equipped with an integrated ordering system, needs to process customer orders and store orders at the same time. Second, excellent small business product development has to connect with production. Third, the store composition needs to support a shipping hub. Fourth, the Mart differentiates itself from convenience store goods by supplying regional and specialized products to customers. Fifth, a service buying agent and direct transactions between producers and consumers need to be established, and exhibits and displays of goods need to be improved.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1123-1134
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to decide the optimal location site of the agricultural wholesale market in Gyeonggi-do. In this paper, methods of social network analysis are adopted to calculate the betweenness centrality, degree centrality, prestige centrality. Methods of social network analysis can be a good alternative to discover characteristics of a complicated method by visualizing relationships among nodes(cities). The results of this study are as below : First, the result of social network and present locations are not so different. Second, optimal locations of the agricultural wholesale market in Gyeonggi-do are Pyeongtaek-si, Suwon-si, Ansan-si, Seongnam-si, Hwaseong-si, Yongin-si, Icheon-si, Anyang-si etc.