• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 1997

A new bioelectrical impedance method has been developed and evaluated. The electrodes; were made of stainless steel and electrical interfaces were created by an upright subject gripping hand electrodes and stepping onto foot electrodes. Eight tactile electrodes were in contact with surfaces of both hands and feet; thumb, palm and fingers, front sole, and rear sole. Automatic on-off switches were used to change current pathways and to measure voltage differences for target segments. Segmental body resistances and whole body resistance(RWHOLE)were measured in 60 healthy subjects. Segmental resistances of right arm(RRA), left arm(RLA), trunk(RT), right leg(RRL) and left leg(RLL)were310.0$\pm$61.6$\Omega$, 316.9$\pm$64.6$\Omega$, 25.1$\pm$3.4$\Omega$, 236.8$\pm$31.2$\Omega$ and 237.6$\pm$30.4$\Omega$, respectively. Individual segmental impedance indexes(Ht2/RRA, Ht2/RT, and Ht2 /RLA) were closely related to lean body mass(LBM)as measured by densitometry ranged from r=0.925 to 0.960. Ht2/(RRA+RT+RLA) predicted LBM slightly better(r=0.969) than the traditional index, Ht2/RWHOLE(r=0.964), supporting the accuracy of the segmental measurement. A multiple regression equation utilizing Ht2/RRA, Ht2/RT and Ht2/RRL predicted LBM with r=0.971. Ht2/RRA term of the regression contributed to more than 40$\%$ of the LBM prediction, indicating that lean mass of arm represented whole body LBM more closely than other body segments. The new bioimpedance method was characterized by upright posture, eight tactile electrodes, segmental measurements and utilization of electronic switches in comparison with the traditional method. The measurement with this new method was extremely reproducible, quick and easy to use.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.72-72
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• 2003

A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary glucose, dextrin and starch on growth and body composition of juvenile starry flounder. Triplicate groups of fish (average weight, 9.7 g) were fed iso-nitrogenous (53% CP) and iso-caloric (3.8 kcal/g diet) diets containing 20% glucose, 20% dextrin and 5-25% alpha-potato starch with 5-14% lipid levels. Survival was not affected by dietary carbohydrate. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the diet containing 20% glucose were the lowest among all groups. The best weight gain was observed in fish fed the diets containing 20% dextrin. Growth and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary -potato starch level. Lipid contents of whole body and liver were not affected by dietary glucose, dextrin and starch at the same level. However, the lipid contents tended to decrease with increasing dietary starch level and those of fish fed the diets containing 5% alpha-potato starch were significantly higher than those receiving 10-25% alpha-potato starch. Liver glycogen content and hepatosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary starch level. These results indicate that juvenile starry flounder are able to efficiently utilize dextrin and -potato starch compare to glucose in diets and that alpha-potato starch could be incorporated up to 25% in the diet for optimum growth by juvenile starry flounder.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1376-1382
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• 2008

The carcass characteristics and composition of both male and female commercial broiler chickens (CB) and the red jungle fowl (RJF) were compared at a common body weight of $800{\pm}25.6g$. The RJF and CB were 133 and 17 d of age, respectively, when they reached 800 g. The yields of breast and thigh portions and their muscle to bone ratios were higher for RJF as compared to CB. On the other hand, the latter had significantly greater hearts, livers and gizzards. The weights of the whole thigh and drumstick, and their muscles were lower in females than males. The CB had more abdominal fat than RJF. While sex had no significant effect on the absolute weights of abdominal fats in CB, the female RJF were fatter than their male counterparts. The fat and cholesterol contents of the breast and leg muscles of CB were significantly higher than those of RJF. The opposite was noted for protein content of both muscles. The effect of sex on fat and cholesterol contents varied according to muscle type. Comparison of CB and RJF at a common body weight suggested that the rate of development of body components have changed concomitantly with selection for rapid growth in the former.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.745-749
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• 2017

We investigated the effects of different dietary lipid levels (7% or 14%) and feeding frequency (1-4 meals per day) on the growth performance and body composition of juvenile fancy carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi. Three replicate groups of fish (initial mean weight, 11.7 g) were fed to visual satiety with sinking dry pellet diets for 8 weeks. Neither feeding frequency nor lipid level affected fish survival. Weight gain was affected by feeding frequency but not dietary lipid level. Weight gain significantly increased with increased feeding frequency. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were affected by feeding frequency, but not dietary lipid level. Daily feed intake was affected by feeding frequency and dietary lipid level. Whole body moisture, crude lipid and ash contents were affected by feeding frequency, but not dietary lipid level. Based on these results, we conclude that the appropriate feeding frequency for the optimum growth of fancy carp fingerlings is four meals per day using sinking dry pellet.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2015

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary distillers dried grain (DDG) on the growth and body composition of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Three diets were formulated to contain 0% (DDG0), 30% DDG (DDG1) replacing wheat flour and 30% DDG (DDG2) replacing fish meal and wheat flour. A commercial feed (CF) was also compared with experimental diets. Three replicate groups of abalone averaging $0.6{\pm}0.01g$ were fed one of the four diets for 14 weeks. The highest survival rate was observed in the abalone fed the DDG2 diet, which was higher than that of abalone fed the DDG0 diet. Weight gain, shell length, shell width and soft body weight of the abalone were not affected by dietary DDG and CF diet (P > 0.05). Proximate and amino acid composition of the soft whole body were not affected by dietary DDG and CF diet (P > 0.05). The result of this experiment suggests that DDG is a good ingredient to replace fish meal and wheat flour in the diet and could be used up to 30% in the diet without negative effects on the growth performance of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1093-1103
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• 2009

본 연구는 운동을 하지 않은 20대 초반 여대생을 대상으로 발레운동이 신체조성, 체력 및 골밀도에 미치는 효과를 분석하기 위하여 실험군과 대조군으로 나누어 RAD 발레 프로그램을 12주간 수행한 결과 신체조성에서는 TBF, LBM, %fat가, 체력에서는 AMS, sit-ups, SLJ, 1,200 m R &, W가, 골밀도에서는 GT, WT가 집단 간에 차이가 있었고, 신체부위별 골밀도 분포현황에서 골감소증이 실험군에서 변화가 없었으나, 대조군에서는 GT와 WT에서 3명의 증가를 보였다. 신체조성, 체력 및 골밀도간의 상관관계에서는 체중, TBF, LBM, %fat, BMI, AMS가 높은 정적인 상관을 보였으며, 부위별 골밀도의 상관 관계에서는 요추 골밀도, 대퇴경부, 전체 골밀도에서 높은 정적인 상관을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 RAD 발레프로그램이 신체조성, 체력 및 골밀도에 대한 예방 및 개선에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 추후 골밀도를 결정하는 주요 인자로 나이, 체질량지수, 흡연, 운동, 영양소섭취량 이외에도 보다 큰 비중을 차지하는 유전적 소인이 있으므로 이러한 소인을 제시할 수 있는 연구가 더 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각되며, 점차 젊은층으로 확대되는 골감소증 현상에 주목하여, 체계적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.75-88
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the current use of Korean medicine for obesity and its effect for women in climacteric period. Methods: We studied women aged 45-55 who visited Daejeon Korean medicine Hospital of Daejeon University to lose body weight from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022 via an analysis of the medical records. The treatment duration was continuous for more than 2 weeks, and a body composition was measured by Inbody 770 at 2 to 4 weeks after the first visit. Results: 28 patients were finally selected and their average age was 49.32±3.38 years. Based on the body mass index (BMI) classification, 19 were in the 1st obesity group, 5 in the 2nd obesity group, 3 in the overweight group and 1 in the normal group. Patients usually complained comcomitant symptoms, and the symptoms of menopausal disorder was the most frequent. The average treatment duration was 3.68±0.67 weeks and the average treatment frequency was 3.93±0.98 times. All patients took herbal medicines Gambi-tang and 23 took modified fasting therapy including Gamro-su. 14 were treated by whole body far-infrared therapy and 6 were gotten partial obesity treatment. Among patients treated for accompanying symptoms, menopausal disorders were the most common (35.71%), and herbal medicine such as Gamisoyou-san, Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture, moxibustion, and cupping were used. After treatment, on average, body composition changed significantly; body weight 3.28±1.82 kg, BMI 1.36±1.04 kg/m², body fat 1.70±1.67 kg, skeletal muscle mass 0.81±0.91 kg, abdominal circumference 2.04±2.6 cm, and visceral fat area 8.91±12.83 cm². Conclusions: We analyzed general characteristics, BMI distribution, types of Korean medicine treatment and change of body composition. This study could be used as reference to provide practical data of treatment for obese women in climacteric period.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2021

The effects of various feeding ratios on the growth, body composition, and blood chemistry of the juvenile mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri (initial body weight 9.6 g) were examined in recirculating freshwater system equipped with 21, 300 L tanks at 20 fish per tank. The triplicate groups of seven feeding ratios treatments were prepared: 100% (control), 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, and 70% of satiation. The feed amount of control group was determined by supplying with apparent satiation and then the feed amounts of the other six feeding groups were determined based on the feed amount of the control group. Fish were hand-fed with test diet (55.4% crude protein) for 10 weeks. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate of fish fed to 100% satiation were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from those of fish fed to ≥ 80% satiation but were significantly higher than those of fish fed to 75% and 70% satiation. Feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and protein retention of 100% satiation were not significantly different from those of 95% and 90% satiation but were significantly (p <0.05) lower than ≤ 85% satiation. Condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and coefficient variation were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by feeding ratio. Whole body composition and contents of hematocrit, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glucose, total protein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood serum were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the feeding ratio; however, content of total cholesterol tended to decrease as the feeding ratio decreased. Using broken-line analysis of WG, it was suggested that the optimum feeding ratio of juvenile mandarin fish, ranging from 9.0 g to 37.0 g, appeared to be 87.7% of satiation without growth inhibition.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1153-1164
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find out the creative visual expression in fashion illustration through the previous general theories on creativity. The creative visual expression, in fashion illustration works, can be summarized eight categories as follows. There are 'maximization & minimization'to emphasize the illustrators'emotions and contemporary trends, proposed specially in body expression, 'inversion' seen as the forms of contra-perspective, upside-down, rearrangement of parts, diverted process, etc, 'Unusual uses'to add the effect of caricature, parody, and humor to the fashion illustration works, 'extraordinary connection'seen as the shapes of various combination between animals, plants, stuff, and man, 'concealment & elimination'used frequently in creative visual expression includes a deformed human body, an abstracted human body, an extreme value contrast, simple colors, and dress in silhouette, 'association'seen in various methods; comparing the similar shapes, describing a certain situation or details for analogizing the whole, ‘illusion’ expressed in surreal, mysterious, and fairy depictions and 'substitution'to imitate the composition and colors of masterpieces, copy the parts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.962-970
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• 2007

A total of 1,200 LinNan Chinese color-feathered chicks were used to study the effects of methionine source [DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid (HMTBa) or DL-methionine (DLM)] and dietary crude protein (CP) level on growth performance, carcass traits, and whole-body nitrogen and fat retention. The trial was designed as a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, including two CP levels (adequate and low) and two methionine sources (HMTBa and DL-methionine). Diets were formulated for three phases, starter (0-21 d), grower (21-42 d), and finisher (42-63 d). Chicks fed HMTBa had higher daily gain and improved feed efficiency than DLM during the grower phase (p<0.05). A significant two-way interaction was observed for growth performance during the finisher phase and overall (0-63 d). Growth performance was greater for chicks fed HMTBa than DLM on adequate-CP diets (p<0.05), but this was not observed at low-CP level (p>0.05). Chicks fed low-CP diets grew slower, used feed less efficiently during the grower, finisher phase and overall. On d 42, regardless of dietary CP levels, birds fed HMTBa had higher carcass weights, breast and thigh weights than DLM-fed birds (p<0.04). Birds fed low-CP diet had lighter carcass weights and less breast muscle, thigh muscle, and dressing percentage at the end of starter, grower and finisher phases (p<0.05). Whole body composition analyses found that birds fed HMTBa tended to contain more protein and less fat compared to those chicks fed DLM at the end of the starter phase (p<0.10). Low-CP diets increased CP concentration in the whole body at the end of the finisher phase (p = 0.05). HMTBa supplementation increased whole-body N retention rate during the finisher phase and overall (p<0.01), and low-CP diets reduced N intake and whole-body fat retention during the finisher phase and overall (p<0.05). In summary, HMTBa was better than DLM on an equimolar basis for growth performance, carcass traits, and N retention in Chinese color-feathered chicks. Low-CP diets lowered growth performance as well as carcass traits in color-feathered birds, probably due to imbalanced AA profiles.