• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2009

Feeding trials were performed at two different water temperatures (summer and winter seasons) to identify suitable protein and lipid (energy) levels to be used in formulating extruded pellets for olive flounder. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of protein and lipid levels in extruded pellets on the growth and body composition of the flounder in both feeding trials. Six experimental diets were prepared containing three protein levels (46%, 51%, and 56%) and two lipid levels (10% and 17%). In the first experiment, during the summer season ($22{\pm}2.2^{\circ}C$), a triplicate group of fish (initial weight, 114 g) were fed to satiation one of the six diets for 11 weeks. The highest weight gain was observed in fish fed the 56/17 (% protein/% lipid) diet, but this weight gain was not significantly different from that of fish fed the other diets, except for those fed the 46/10 diet. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the 17% lipid diets were higher than those of fish fed the 10% lipid diets at each protein level. In the second experiment, during the winter season ($13{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$), a triplicate group of fish (initial weight, 107 g) were fed to satiation one of the six diets for 9 weeks. Weight gain was not significantly different among all groups. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with increasing dietary lipid level at each protein level. The whole-body crude lipid content of the of fish fed the 17% lipid diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the 10% lipid diets at each protein level in both feeding trials. Based on the data obtained in this study, the inclusion of dietary protein at a level of 46% appears to be sufficient to support optimal growth, and increasing the dietary lipid level from 10% to 17% had no beneficial effects on the growth and feed utilization of olive flounder (110-300 g), except for fish fed a 56% protein diet in the summer season.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 1998

조피볼락 사료의 각종 미네랄 필수성을 조사하기 위해 주요 mineral 함량이 낮은 조피볼락 근육과 casein을 사료 단백질원으로 선정하여 영양연구용으로 자체 설계된 reference premix중에 P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn 및 Se을 각각 첨가하지 않은 premix와 mineral 전부를 첨가하지 않은 사료를 설정하여 모두 10종 실험사료를 제조하였다. 평균체중 4.2g의 조피볼락 치어를 각 수조에 25마리씩 실험사료마다 3반복으로 수용하여 10주간 사육실험하였다. 성장, 사료효율, 영양소이용률, 전어체의 지질 함량에서 mineral premix를 첨가하지 않은 사료가 가장 낮은 것 (P<0.01)으로 나타났다. Reference mineral premix에 P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn 및 Se을 각각 첨가하지 않은 실험 사료의 증체율은 모두 reference premix를 첨가한 대조구보다 유의하게 낮았다 (P<0.01). 사료효율은 Mg, Fe, K 및 Se을 첨가하지 않은 실험구가 대조구와 통계적으로 차이가 없었으며, 그외 실험구는 대조구보다 낮은 값을 보였다 (P<0.01). 일일 사료섭취율은 실험구간에 유의차가 없었지만 (P>0.01), P, Ca 및 Zn 무첨가구들의 단백질축적률은 대조구보다 저조한 성적을 보였으며, 지질축적률은 Zn 무첨가구만 대조구와 차이를 보였다 (P<0.01). 각 미네랄을 첨가하지 않은 실험구들의 어체성분은 대조구와 통계적인 차이가 없었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.7.1-7.8
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• 2020

Background: To minimize the use of antibiotics and to obtain a more sustainable fish culture and aquaculture industry, development of alternative natural source of immunostimulant to replace antibiotic in aquafeed is highly needed. Objective: Dietary inclusion effect of yacon (YC), ginger (GG), and blueberry (BB) on growth, body composition, and disease resistance of black rockfish against Vibrio anguillarum was compared to ethoxyquin (EQ). Methods: Four hundred eighty juvenile (an initial weight of 4.2 g) fish were randomly distributed into 12 of 50 L flowthrough tanks (forty fish per tank). Four experimental diets were prepared; the control (Con) diet with 0.01% EQ inclusion, and YC, GG, and BB diets at 1% each additive inclusion. Each additive was included into the experimental diets at the expense of wheat flour. Each diet was assigned to triplicate tanks of fish and hand-fed to satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. At the end of 8-week feeding trial, 20 fish from each tank fish were artificially infected by intraperitoneal injection with 0.1 mL of culture suspension of pathogenic V. anguillarum containing 3.3 × 10⁶ cfu/mL respectively. Fish were monitored for the following 8 days after V. anguillarum infection and dead fish were removed every 6 h for the first 4 days and 12 h for the rest of the study. Results: Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of fish fed the YC diet was higher than those of fish fed all other diets. However, feed consumption, protein efficiency ratio, and protein retention was not affected by dietary additive. Moisture, crude protein, and crude lipid content of the whole body of fish were affected by dietary additive. Analysis of the Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that survival of fish fed the YC, BB, and GG diets was higher than the Con diet. Conclusion: Oral administration of YC can improve not only weight gain, SGR, and FER of black rockfish, but lower mortality of rockfish at occurrence of V. anguillarum.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.719-727
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• 1989

By using commercial zirconia powder CeO2-ZrO2 ceramics containing 8~16mol% CeO2 was made by heat treatment at 1350~155$0^{\circ}C$ for 1~10hr. The minimum amount of CeO2 for obtaining complete tetragonal phase was 12mol%, and in the tetragonal phase region fracture toughness of Ce-TZP was decreased with increasing CeO2 content and the maximum value was obtained when 12mol% CeO2 was added. The bending strength goes through maximum at 14mol% CeO2. Fracture mode of Ce-TZP transformed from intergranular to transgranular fracture with increasing CeO2 content, so the morphology of fracture surface of 16mol% Ce-TZP was wholly transgranular and this tendency was independent on grain size. The crystal structure of the 12mol% Ce-TZP was monoclinic with fringes along the grain boundaries which are lying in the particular plane from the TEM observation. The chemical composition of the sintered body was homogeneous as a whole and some amorphism or air pocket was observed at the triple junction.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2018

Cancer is a major burden of human disease worldwide. Current chemotherapy has severe side effects because the drugs affect whole body nonspecifically. In addition, the drugs to reach cancer cells are very limited. Over the last two decades, Drug Delivery System (DDS) using nanoparticles has suggested promising results to improve current limitations. In this study, we prepared PLGA nanoparticles with different charge properties and observed their stability and internalization effect to cancer cells. Results using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the size and chemical composition of the nanoparticles. The stability of the nanoparticles in pH buffers were variable depending on charge properties. The nanoparticles showed different cytotoxicity and internalization effects to MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated the importance of delicately engineered nanoparticles for better DDS in cancer.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2008

Hot water is used by having a wash, dishes, taking tub and drinking water in residential buildings, and the use objective is to raise comfort of human body sense, washing and sterilization effect and so on. Cold & hot water supply system is understanded simpler than HVAC systems relatively, so it is true that pace of performance improvement is slower than other systems for plan and technical development. In this study, the performance evaluations are conducted under the condition of composition ratio by 1:1 for cold & hot water supply manifold system using functionally complex valves such as constant flow regulating valve and 3-way mixing valve in the area of $105.6m^2$ apartment which consist of the largest part of the whole apartment. Also, flow rate related to simultaneous use of faucets and change of hot water temperature are compared with the existing method.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2005

This study examined the partial replacement of the fish meal with meat meal in practical diets for juvenile rock-fish. Five isonitrogenous (48% CP) diets were prepared to contain meat meal at 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% with substituting the mackerel meal in the control diet. Three replicate groups of fish (initial average weight, 4.1g) were hand-fed to visual satiety two times daily for 8 weeks. Survival (>93%) and daily feed intake were not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments. The best weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were obtained from fish fed the diets containing 0% and 10% meat meal, and were not significantly different (P>0.05) to those of fish 134 diet containing 20% meat meal. Condition factor, visceralsomatic index and hepatosomatic index were not influenced by dietary meat meal levels. The contents of crude protein and ash of whole body were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by dietary meat meal levels, whereas crude lipid content of fish fed the diets containing 30% and 40% was lower than that of fish fed the control diet. Proximate composition of liver was not influenced by dietary meat meal level (P>0.05). The data obtained in this study indicate that a diet containing $10{\sim}20%$ meat meal could be used for least-cost formulation in juvenile rockfish diet.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2016

In our search for natural products affecting blood circulation, the n-butanol fraction from whole plant of Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schm. (GLB) improved blood lipid parameters, and ameliorated obesity in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mouse model. Hyperlipidemia was induced by high-fat-diet for 4 weeks, and then GLB was orally administrated with 400 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. GLB-treated group showed that the gain in body weight was significantly attenuated, the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride significantly lowered on blood chemical analysis, and significantly prolonged the mice bleeding time when compared with those of HFD control group. Concomitantly, phytochemical composition of GLB was investigated by HPLC-hyphenated spectroscopy, and two major phenolic compounds, rutin and chlorogenic acid were identified in the GLB. Taken together, these results indicate that GLB has cardiovascular protective effects and could be a natural medicine candidate for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.63-76
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• 1994

사료의 n-3HUFA 함량이 $1.6\%$ 이상 함유되도록 조절한 3종의 실험 사료로 43g 전후의 조피볼락을 19주간 사육 실험한 후, 136g전후의 어체를 45일간 절식시켜 사료 지질원에 따른 조피볼락의 성장 및 체성분의 변화와 절식시 체내 대사를 조사하였다. 증중율, 사료 효율, 단백질 축적 효율 및 지질 축적 효율 모두 사료 지질원에 따른 유의차가 없었다$(P\geq0.05)$ 간과 등 근육의 총지질 중의 지방산은 사료 지질원의 조성비에 영향을 받아, monoene산은 우지 첨가구에, n-6계 지방산 (18:2n-6, 22:4n-6)들은 대두유 첨가구에, n-3계 지방산 (20 : 5n-3, 22 : 6n-3)들은 오징어 간유 단독 첨가구에 상대적으로 더 높게 조성되어 있었다. 전 어체 및 등 근육의 일반 성분은 실험구별로 차이가 없었으며, 간 중량비 및 내장 중량비도 차이가 없었다. 간과 내장의 수분 함량은 오징어 간유 구가 타 실험구에 비해 높았으며, 간지질 함량은 우지 첨가구가 가장 높았다. 간 중량비 및 내장 중량비는 모두 절식기간 중에 전체적으로 감소하였으며, 오징어 간유 구가 타 실험구에 비해 그 감소폭이 컸다. 절식 15일까지는 근육 단백질과 지질이 감소하였고, 그 후부터는 간의 글리코겐 함량이 감소하였으며, 내장 지질은 절식 기간 중 계속 감소하는 현상을 보여 절식 중에 이용되는 에너지원의 형태와 시기가 다르게 나타났다. 혈청 성분은 지질원에 따라 절식 기간별로 이동되는 형태가 약간 다르게 나타나기는 하였으나, 절식 기간이 길어짐에 따라 점차 그 차이는 없었다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.821-831
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• 2001

Motor ability were hypothesized to be major factors that may have an influence on IADL(instrumental activities of daily living). The purpose of this study was to investi gate the effect of motor ability of elderly on IADL. This study consisted of forty eight elder male and ninety elder female. The subjects were selected from L, S, Y-institution in kyoung ki do. The average age of elder male and female was 73.81, 71.38 years. The data were analyzed with t-test, repeated measurement, correlation test, regression test, using SPSS PC+ and MINITAB program. The measurement item of motor ability was muscle strength(left, right- grip strength), flexibility(sitting trunk flexion, trunk extension, leg raising while in a standing position), agility(whole body reaction test, standing up), power(sargent jump), balance (stork stand). IADL was measured with Philadelphia Geriatric Center IADL. The result of this study were the following : 1. The factor of significant difference of between elder male and female was muscle strength, flexibility, power but no significant difference was agility, balance. 2. Between IADL of elder male and female was no significant difference. 3. Correlation of IADL and Motor ability of elder male had effect on muscle strength and power, agility. Correlation of Body composition and Motor ability of elder female had effect on muscle strength and power, agility. As a result of this study, optimal motor ability of elder male and female had improved IADL. In addition to, this result of this study, it can suggested the consideration of the Health promotion program for elderly.