• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2015

Objectives This study was intended to clarify the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects of gamikyejakjimo-tang herbal acupuncture (GKHA) for osteoarthritis. Methods Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA into right knee joint cavities of rats. Rats were divided into a total of 4 groups (n=8). The 4 groups were normal group, control group, positive comparison group and expeimental group. Indomethacin and GKHA were medicated for a total of 4 weeks. After that, functions of liver and kidney by AST, ALT, creatinine, BUN, DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, NO (Total Nitric oxide), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ production, weight changes in the hind legs of MIA-induced osteoarthritis rat, serum PGE2, TIMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, LTB4, hs-CRP, and white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes were measured. The volume of cartilage was observed by micro CT arthrography. H&E and Safranin-O staining were used to examine the injury of synovial tissue. Results 1. In the hind leg weight bearing measurement, level of weight was increased. 2. AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine were decreased. 3. The production of total white blood cell was decreased, and the production of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes were significantly decreased. 4. The production of NO, PGE2, TIMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, LTB4 were significantly decreased, and the production of hs-CRP was also decreased but with no significance. 5. The cartilage volume was significantly increased. 6. In H&E staining and Safranin-O staning, the cartilage cell appeared to be proliferated, and proteoglycans appeared to be increased. Conclusions Based on the results above, Gamikyejakjimo-tang Herbal Acupuncture has anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects, which leads to suppressing the underlying causes and the progression of osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2007

Present study aimed to investigate the radioprotective effects of propolis feeding on rat tissues damaged by X-ray irradiation. It was shown that the number of white blood cell in X-ray irradiated group supplemented with propolis increased as much to those of the control group and also the GOT activities among the blood components were decreased after propolis feeding. The mineral contents such as Mg, Fe, Ca, Mn, Cu, Mo, Ni, As in liver were increased as compared with those of the control group but maintained lower level than those of only irradiated groups, implying that the propolis feeding elevated the recovery capability of white blood cell effectively and propolis have a potential resistance to cell damage by X-ray. According to histological observations of the testis, intestine and liver tissues which are irradiated after feeding propolis, the numbers of damaged undifferentiated cells were decreased in testis and the shape of the goblet cells and inner and outer muscular layers in intestine were restored to the original state and the hepatocytes and interlobular veins were shown intact in liver, suggesting that propolis has a potential capacity to restore cell shapes or resist deformation of cell.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 1999

This experiment was done to investigate the effects of Ojajiwhangeumja(OJWEJ) to the symptoms of senility. To prove the effects of OJWEJ we injected scopolamine(1mg/kg) to the vein of rats. And we measured the blood cells(WBC, RBC, Platelet), constituents of serum(BUN, creatinin, glucose, uric acid), endurance of films of the red blood cell to erythrocyte hemolises, the activity of cholinesterase in serum, TBA and the activity of catalase, SOD in the purified microsome of brain tissue of rats. The results were as follows; 1. The number of white blood cells, platelet was increased significantly in the group treated by OJWEJ in comparison with control group. 2. The number of BUN, creatinin, glucose of serum decreased significantly in the OJWEJ treated group compared with control group. 3. The erythrocyte hemolises in red blood cells restrained significantly in the group treated by OJWEJ in comparison with control group. 4. The activity of cholinesterase in OJWEJ treated group increased significantly compared with control group. 5. The amounts of malondialdehyde of serum decreased significantly in the OJWEJ treated group in comparison with control group. 6. The catalase in the microsome of rat brain was activated significantly in the group treated by OJWEJ compared with control group. 7. The superoxide dismutase in the group treated by OJWEJ activated significantly in comparison with control group. According to this experiment it is suggested that OJWEJ accelerates the activity of colinesterase and restrains the creation of erythrocyte hemolises and accumulation of senile substance. But I look forward to see the further research to be made.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2011

Although sound intensity is considered as one of important factors in auditory processing, its neural mechanism in auditory neurons with limited dynamic range of firing rates is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of sound intensity adaptation on the change of glucose metabolism in a rat brain using [F-18] micro positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging technique. In the experiment, broadband white noise sound was given for 30 minutes after the [F-18]FDG injection in order to explore the functional adaptation of rat brain into the sound intensity levels. Nine rats were scanned with four different sound intensity levels: 40 dB, 60 dB, 80 dB, 100 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for four weeks. When glucose uptake during the adaptation of a high intensity sound level (100 dB SPL) was compared with that during adaptation to a low intensity level (40 dB SPL) in the experiment, the former induced a greater uptake at bilateral cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complexes and inferior colliculi in the auditory pathway. Expectedly, the metabolic activity in those areas linearly increased as the sound intensity level increased. In contrast, significant decrease interestingly occurred in the bilateral auditory cortices: The activities of auditory cortex proportionally decreased with higher sound intensities. It may reflect that the auditory cortex actively down-regulates neural activities when the sound gets louder.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2013

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of Artemisia capillaris (AC) extract on disorders of hepatic functions and lipid metabolism induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an endocrine disrupter, using male rats (SD, five weeks old) for a period of three weeks. These 37 animals were divided into four groups. AC extract was added as 1.5% or 3% levels to basal diets, respectively. TCDD (40 ug/kg B.W) was administered by intraperitoneal injection into rats after a week from the beginning of the experiment. AC extract alleviated the increase of rat's relative liver weights induced by TCDD. Thymuses of all rats treated with TCDD were apparently shrunken by approximately 80%. Levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrits were significantly increased by treatment with TCDD, however, WBC tended to decrease by AC extract diets. In hepatic function, the elevation of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activities by TCDD treatment was diminished by AC extract diets. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly elevated by AC extract diets. The apparent increase of triglyceride levels of rat livers induced by TCDD was significantly suppressed in the AC extract diet groups. Hepatic cytosolic catalase activities significantly decreased by treatment with TCDD showed a recovering trend by AC extract diets. In histochemical observation, the fat droplets and apoptosis of hepatocytes treated with TCDD were markedly alleviated by AC extract diets. These results indicated that AC could exert recovering effects on some disorders of hepatic functions, lipids metabolism, and antioxidant activities resulting from TCDD treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.325-336
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• 2000

Bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 are members of Transforming Growth Factor-$\beta$(TGF-$\beta$) superfamily and they may induce formation of cartilage and bone in vivo. This study was performed to investigate the cellular target and period of action of BMP-2/4 and understanding of actions of BMP-2/4 at cellular level. The appearance of BMP-2/4 during healing of mandibular and periodontal defect in rat was evaluated immunohistochemically. 40 Sprague-Dawley strain white male rats, each weighing about 300gm were used. Bony defect was performed in the mandible and they were sacrificed at the day of 3rd, 10th, 20th, 30th after operation. The specimens were harvested and examined histologically and immunohistochemically by localization of anti-BMP-2/4. The results were as follows: 1. Woven bone was observed at 10th day and perfect healing of defect with compact bone and periodontal ligment space at 30th day. 2. Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblastic cells and periosteum were positive reaction to immunohistochemical stain at 10th day. 3. Cells of bone marrow space and surface cells of osteocytes and cementoblasts were positive reaction to immunohistochemical stain at 20th day. 4. Newly formed osteocytes and cementocytes were positive reaction to immunohistochemical stain at 30th day. From the above findings, we could conclude that BMP-2/4 acted significant roles as factors of induction, proliferation and differentiation during bone healing process.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 1992

In order to observe the effects of moxibustion on anemic condition as a acute loss of blood, white rats were induced loss of blood by cadiac puncture. And then morphologically variation of The Bone Marrow was observed the following points of each rat were used ; Shinsu($B_{23}$ or $VII_{23}$), Hyeon jong($GB_{39}$ or $XI_{39}$), and complex of Shinsu($B_{23}$ or $VII_{23}$) and Hyeon Jong($GB_{39}$ or $XI_{39}$) Comparing these above methods with the control group the results were as follow : 1. Moxibustion in Shinsu have an influence on activation of Normoblast and do for hematosis function of bone marrow 2. Formation ablity of R B C(Red Blood Cell) turn up order a list of Moxibustion in Shinsu($B_{23}$ or $VII_{23}$), Moxibustion in conplex of Shinsu($B_{23}$ or $VII_{23}$) and Hyeon Jong($GB_{39}$ or $XI_{39}$), moxibustion in Hyeon Jong($GB_{39}$ or $XI_{39}$) 3. Moxibustion in complex of Shinsu($B_{23}$ or $VII_{23}$) and Hyeon Jong($GB_{39}$ or $XI_{39}$) moderately increase Megakaryocyte

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the fibrin adhesive (Beriplast$^{(R)}$) on healing of full-thickness wounds in the rat's hard palate. Twenty Spraque-Dawley strain white male rats, each weighing 250~300 gm were used. Creation of full-thickness wounds of $4{\times}4mm$ in size were performed on the hard palate. Beriplast$^{(R)}$, a wound dressing material, was applied immediately in the experimental group, but not applied in the control group. All wounds were protected with palatal resin splints. The animals were sacrificed on the 2nd, 4th, 7th, 14th, and 28th day after the operation for macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Results obtained were as follows ; 1. On the 7th day after the operation, epithelial proliferation was greater in the experimental group than that in the control group. 2. The inflammatory reaction of the experimental group was less than the control group on the 2nd and 4th day after the operation. Beriplast was resorbed on the 7th day after the operation. 3. In the control group, the epithelial proliferation occurred from the 7th to the 14th day after the operation, and in the experimental group, epithelial proliferation occurred from the 4th day after the operation. 4. On the 14th and 28th day after the operation, there was no prominent difference between the two groups in histological findings. These results suggest that the use of fibrin adhesive (Beriplast$^{(R)}$) as a palatal wound dressing results in greater epithelial proliferation and less inflammation in the early stage of wound healing.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.469-478
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• 2012

Sex hormones have long been considered to play an important role in bone turnover rate, periodontal diseases, and wound healing. We have studied the effect of porcine testis steroid extract (PTSE), an extract of porcine testes, which holds a good ratio of 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone), testosterone, androstenedione, $17{\beta}$-estradiol, and estrone, on the healing rate of a standardized full-thickness linear wound on the back of the rat. Skin punch or carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser methods were used to create the deep skin injury in two groups of animals. The animals were treated with the PTSE cream, control cream and Vaseline (control) to find out the effect in re-epithelialization, contraction, and formation of granulation and scar tissues. Histological examination after 21 days showed 100, 87.4, and 80.5% recovery of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, respectively in the PTSE-treated animals. Similarly, on the 15th day of treatment, complete healing of intact skin was observed in the PTSE cream-treated animals among the laser radiation group. Even though the beginning of re-epithelialization phase and completion of serum crust formation was also observed in the base cream- and Vaseline-treated animals respectively, the complete healing cycle was observed only in the PTSE-treated group. The white blood cell count in the PTSE-treated group showed that PTSE cream is nontoxic to animals.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 1985

In order to observe the effect of defatted ginseng which is made by extracting fat from ginseng using petroleum ether during the growth and the starvation, the powder of defatted ginseng was added to the basal diet by 25% and 50% respectively, and the mixtures were fed for 4 weeks to just weanling white female rat which weighed 78-82 g. As for the diet initake, there was not showed any meaningful difference between the defatted ginseng powder fed group and the control group (to which was fed just - the basal diet not including defatted ginseng powder), but the protein intake for the former group appeared to be reduced (P<0.02-0.01) compared to the control group. As for the growth rate, that of the defatted ginseng powder fed group appeared higher (P<0.02) than that of the control group in 1 week after feeding, but since after 2 weeks, there was not showed meaningful difference between the two groups. As for the weight-reduction rate by starvation, that of the 25% defatted ginseng powder fed group showed just 79.6% (P<0.05) of the control group's in 5 days after feeding, but the rate of the 50% defatted ginseng powder fed group appeared 119.3% of the control group's. As for the required time from the beginning of starvation to the death, it was resulted that the higher the rate of defatted ginseng addition is, the shorter the time becomes (P<0.05)