• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.116-122
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels and adaptation periods on digestible energy (DE) and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of chemical constituents in diets supplemented with wheat bran. Methods: Thirty-six crossbred barrows with an initial body weight of $85.0{\pm}2.1kg$ were allotted to 6 diets in a completely randomized block design with 6 pigs per diet. Diets included a cornsoybean basal diet and 5 additional diets which were formulated by replacing corn and soybean meal in control diet with 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, or 55% wheat bran. The experiment lasted for 34 d, and feces were collected from d 8 to 13, 15 to 20, 22 to 27, and 29 to 34 respectively. Results: The results showed no interaction effects between inclusion level and adaptation period on the concentration of DE and the ATTD of gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) in wheat bran. The DE value and ATTD of GE in wheat bran decreased (p<0.05) significantly as the inclusion level of wheat bran increased, but no difference in the ATTD of CP was observed. The ATTD of CP in wheat bran increased (p<0.10) significantly as the adaptation period for pigs was prolonged. In addition, the concentration of DE and the ATTD of GE in wheat bran decreased linearly (p<0.05) when pigs were fed either an increased level of wheat bran or given an increased adaptation period to the diets. Conclusion: Wheat bran showed a negative effect on the concentration of DE and ATTD of GE and CP as the inclusion level increased. A longer adaptation period can gradually increase the DE value and ATTD of GE and CP in wheat bran, and at least 14 to 21 d of adaptation might be recommended for growing-finishing pigs fed the high-fiber diets with wheat bran.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.208-213
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• 1998

The effect of the addition of wheat bran to the growth medium on the production of cellulolytic enzymes of Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 was studied in batch culture using shake flasks. The activity of cellulase was enhanced by the addition of wheat bran to the cellulase production medium. $KH_2PO_4$-$K_2HPO_4$ buffer was used for pH control during cellulase production. As a result, high cellulase activities were obtained in shake flask culture; a CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) activity of 125.78 U/ml was obtained from 2% Avicel- and 3% wheat bran-containing medium and an FP (filter paper) activity of 12.85U/ml was obtained from 1% Avicel- and 5% wheat bran-containing medium after 6 days of cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.384-390
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of wheat bran on the promotion of hair growth. When rat vibrissa follicles were treated with n-hexane fraction of wheat bran, the hair-fiber lengths of the vibrissa follicles significantly increased. Moreover, n-hexane fraction of wheat bran was found to significantly induce the telogen-anagen transition in C57BL/6 mice. The fraction increased the proliferation of immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in a dose dependent manner. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms in relation to proliferation of DPCs by the fraction of wheat bran, we examined the expression of cell cycle proteins and wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling components. Western blot analysis revealed that the proliferation of DPC by n-hexane fraction of wheat bran was accompanied by increased the level of cyclin D1, cyclin E, phospho-CDK2 and phospho-pRB. In addition, the fraction of wheat bran increased the level of phospho(ser552)-${\beta}$-catenin, phospho(ser675)-${\beta}$-catenin and phospho(ser9)-GSK$3{\beta}$. These results suggest that the hair growing potential of wheat bran mediated by proliferation of DPCs via the regulation of cell cycle proteins and Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2011

Job's tears(Coix lachryma-jobi L.) chungkukjang powder and wheat bran powder were added to American cookies for practical use as healthy compounds. We examined the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of cookies prepared with different amounts(as ratios of 10%, 20%, 25% to the flour quantity) of Job's tears chungkukjang & wheat bran powder. The antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the total phenolic compounds content and flavonoid content in Job's tears chungkukjang & wheat bran powder and cookies. The quality characteristics of Job's tears chungkukjang & wheat bran powder American cookie were estimated in terms of bulk density, pH of the dough, spread ratio, color, texture profile analysis, proximate composition, and sensory evaluations. While the spread ratio and the total polyphenol contents, flavonoid contents and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of cookies significantly increased, pH, hardness and L value of the cookies decreased with increasing Job's tears chungkukjang & wheat bran powder(p<0.01). The consumer acceptability score for the 10~20% Job's tears chungkukjang & wheat bran powder American cookie ranked significantly(p<0.05) higher than those of the other groups in texture andoverall preference. This suggests that Job's tears chungkukjang and wheat bran powder are good ingredient candidates for increasing consumer acceptability and functionality of cookies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.212-217
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• 1999

The effects of nuruk and wheat bran on cholesterol level in serum and activities of free radical metabolizing enzymes were investigated in rats. The rats were fed a diet containing nuruk or wheat bran for one month. Body weight and food intake were measured. Animals were sacrificed after one month. The increased food efficiency ratio throughout whole growth period was observed in the rats fed with either nuruk containing Aspergillus terreus or wheat bran compared with control group on normal diet. In the rats fed with nuruk, hepatic GSH content, glutathione S transferase activity, hepatic cytochrome P 450 content, and aniline hydroxylase activities were generally increased. In the rats fed with nuruk containing other fungi except Aspergillus terreus, xanthine oxidase activity was decreased. The decreased cholesterol level in serum was observed in rats fed with nuruk prepared from Aspergillus terreus and wheat bran. LDL cholesterol level was decreased in rats fed with nuruk prepared with other fungi such as Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. But HDL cholesterol level was increased in all groups fed with nuruk from any fungi and wheat bran. These results suggested that nuruk or wheat bran supplemented diet might exert their effect by decreasing cholesterol level in serum and amount of oxygen free radical level.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2000

The present study was aimed at investigating the nutritional and physiological significance of rice bran as a source of dietary fiber as compared to pectin and wheat bran. The parameters for comparison included hypertrophy and morphology of intestines, stool weights and villus marker enzyme activity. For 6 weeks, 10 Sprague Dawley male rats were given one of six experimental diets: 1% cellulose control (CC), 5% pectin (P5), 5% rice bran(RB5), 10% rice bran(RB10), 5% wheat bran (WB5) or 10% wheat bran (WB10) based on the level of dietary fiber. Among experimental groups, food efficiency ratio and body weight gain was comparable. RB10 increased cecal and colonic tissue weights and content weights of cecum and colon as much as P5 did. Stool weight was positiviely correlated with colonic tissue weight (r=0.727, P<0.001), with colonic content weight(r=0.647, P<0.001). Small intestine length increased most in the P5 group, followed by the RB10 group. The scanning electron micrograph of jejunal villi from rice bran groups showed a leaf-shaped, smooth and regular pattern, whereas that of CC group produced a rather long shape. The wheat bran groups showed an irregular leafshaped pattern, and the pectin group typically produced leaf-shaped villi with surface damage. The activities of villus marker enzymes (maltase and sucrase) were higher in the bran-fed rats than in the control or pectin-fed rats. The results indicate than not only dietary fiber amounts but also fiber sources are closely related to the physiology and morphology of the large and small intestines in rats. Rice bran exerted effects on fecal output and trophic effects on the intestines similar to those of pectin.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.341-347
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• 2009

Soil microbial community has been changed after the treatment of anaerobic fermentation using wheat bran or rice bran was applied to the soil. In the dilution plate technique, the number of anaerobic bacteria and fungi was higher in rice bran-treated soil than in non and wheat bran-treated soil, but of yeast was higher in wheat bran-treated soil than in non and rice bran-treated soil. Specially, the fungi were not detected in the wheat bran-treated soil. Identified by 16S rDNA sequencing, the number of aerobic bacteria was similar in all treatments, the dominant bacteria was the genus Bacillus. In the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) technique, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria change slightly in all treatments for 20 days of fermentation process but, after 20day, increased rapidly in wheat or rice bran-treated soil. In conclusion, the microbial communities structure was dramatically changed after the treatment of wheat or rice bran to soil.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.546-551
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• 1997

A bacterium producing the extracellular cellulases was isolated from soil and has been identified as Bacillus sp. The isolate, named Bacillus sp. 79-23, was shown to be very similar to B. subtilis on the basis of its biochemical properties. The carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) of culture supernatant was most active at 60$\circ$C and pH 6.0, and retained 90% of its maximum activity at pH 7.0. The additional carbon sources affected the CMCase productivity than nitrogen sources in the culture medium. The carbon sources including wheat bran, rice straw, maltose and glucose increased the enzyme productivty. Especially, the maximum CMCase production was 5.2 units/ml in LB medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) wheat bran, which was 13-folds more than that in LB medium. It was found that the enzyme production was in association with the growth of Bacillius sp. 79-23. But, whean bran did not affect the growth of isolate, suggesting that increasement of CMCase production was owing to the induction of CMCase biosynthesis by wheat bran. In addition, both water-soluble and insoluble components of wheat bran was involved in induction of CMCase biosynthesis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.691-694
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• 2007

Acetic acid and butyric acid were produced by the anaerobic fermentation of soil mixed with wheat or rice bran. The concentration of acetic acid produced in the wheat and rice bran-treated soil was 31.2mM and 8mM, respectively, whereas the concentration of butyric acid in the wheat and rice bran-treated soil was 25.0mM and 8mM, respectively. The minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) for all the fungal strains was 40-60mM acetic acid, 20-40mM butyric acid, and 40-60mM mixture of acetic acid: butyric acid (1:1, v/v). Consequently, the efficacy of mixing wheat-bran with soil to control soil diseases was demonstrated.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.155-159
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• 2008

A local isolate of Aspergillus niger was cultivated under optimal growth conditions on wheat bran in solid state fermentation. Filter paperase from fermented bran was separately extracted with different solvents to test the recovery of the enzyme. Among solvents tested, distilled water served as the best leachate, thus the conditions were further optimized with distilled water. After two washes of fermented bran with distilled water for 1.5 h each under stationary conditions at 1 g wheat bran: 5 mL distilled water, the maximum recovery of 13.5 $Ug^{-1}$ of wheat bran was obtained.