• 산업공학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.10-21
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• 1996

우리나라 정보통신기기산업의 수출입경쟁력은 문제없는가? 문제가 있다면 어느 부분에 문제가 있는가? 문제있는 품목들을 규명해 볼 수는 없는가? 하는 의문이 정책입안자, 수출입관계자들 사이에 제기될 수 있다. 본고는 이러한 의문에 대하여 체계적으로 접근하고자 하는 하나의 시도이다. 본고에서는 수출입측면에서 정보통신기기산업의 부문(통신기기, 정보기가, 방송기가, 부품)과 품목별로 수출입경쟁력을 분석하고, 양쪽의 분석결과를 비교 검토하였다. 특히 정보통신기기 품목별로 수출입경쟁력과 경쟁력증가 정도에 따라 품목의 위치를 파악할 수 있고, 품목들을 그룹화 할 수 있는 수출입경쟁력 증가율 Matrix를 개발하였으며, 이 같은 분석률의 특성을 파악하였다. 분석결과 정보통신기기산업의 수출입규모 분포는 낙타등과 같은 양극(兩極)구조를 갖고 있으며, 정보통신기기 품목별 평균 수출입경쟁력이 취약한 것을 발견하였다. 그리고 통신기기 품목들을 4가지 범주로 세분화하였다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.244-255
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• 2011

In this study, we try to evaluate the efficiency of the photonics industry using a data envelopment analysis(DEA) model. We first develope four stage procedures for selecting proper input and output variables which consist of selecting the first candidate variables from literature survey, selecting the second candidate variables through experts' discussion, measuring the partial efficiency of the selected variables based on Tofallis' profiling, and clustering some variables through the rank correlation analysis of partial efficiency proposed by Min and Kim(l998). With this procedure, we select 4 input variables(capital, number of employee, R&D cost, operating cost) and 2 output variables(sales, growth of sales) and then utilize CCR and BCC model to measure efficiencies of 26 photonics companies in Gwangju. Moreover, we perform the reference group analysis to figure out what causes inefficiencies and to provide the desirable values for input and output variables at which inefficient photonics companies become efficient. Finally, we classify 26 photonics companies into three groups such as optical communications, optical applications, and optical sources, and perform the Kruskal-Wallis test to check if there exist some differences between efficiencies of three groups.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to be of use for the preparation of more desirable sex education system at elementary school, by making content analysis of the current textbooks related to sex education and surveying what opinions the persons concerned had about it. The purpose of this study were as follows; Elementary school textbooks were analyzed to find out what kind of sex education was included in them. And questionnaires on how to improve school sex education content were prepared, by which 207 male and female teachers were surveyed in the city of Paju and Koyang, Kyonggi province. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Content Analysis of Textbook Sex Education The content related to sex education was relatively much included in textbooks of the right life, morality and physical education. Although morality was a subject to be instructed for the third-grade students or older, elementary school students virtually received sex education from the first grade, as the right life and the joyful life were a subject for the lower-grade students, and this met the goal of sex education or the need of the times. However, sex education content leaned heavily toward family, family life or parental love. There was no mutual complement among subjects, and no link among grades, either. 2. Teacher Opinion on Sex Education Content for Each Grade When the subjects were asked about if sex education content was appropriate for each grade, they answered 20 items should be more emphasized and 6 items might be left out. And there were 6 items regarded by them as one that should be rearranged in consideration of grade. 3. The Ideal Opinion of Sex Education Content The following model could be recommended for elementary school sex education, which was designed to meet the objectives of school sex education as much as possible and to offer a systematic link among grades, based on the findings by textbook analysis and Questionnaire survey, and on elementary school sex education materials recommended by the Ministry of Education: The content selected for the first grade of elementary school was my body, cleanness of genitals, male-female cooperation, and family cooperation. For the second grade, the selected content was male-female physical difference, male female psychological difference, parental and I(origin of a birth). For the third grade, the selected things were important a body(cleanness of genitals), birth of a life, and male-female comprehension and cooperation. For the fourth grade, the selected things were physical development, management of genitals, physiology and management of menstruation, propagation and growth of organism, concern for the other sex, comprehension of and cooperation with the other sex, and prevention of sexual violence. Four the fifth grade, the selected things were secondary sex characteristic, physiology and management of menstruation, operation for phimosis, understanding of seminal emission, structure and function of the genital organs, birth and growth of a baby, television/sex information, and mass communications/sex information. For the sixth grade, the selected things were secondary sex characteristic, understanding of seminal emission, male-female cooperation, male and female role, male-female manners, mass communications/sex information, family and family life. Finally, what should be taught in sex education must be studied constantly, as it should be revised or supplemented periodically, according to student's sexual maturity or social, cultural changes.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2019

Currently, LPWA(Low Power Wide Area) communication technology is widely used due to the development of IoT(Internet of Things) technology. Among the LPWA technologies, LoRaWAN(Long Range Wide Area Network) is widely used in many fields due to its wide coverage, stable communication speed, and low-cost modem module prices. In particular, LoRa(Long Range) can easily construct LoRaWAN with a dedicated gateway. So many organizations are building their own LoRaWAN-based networks. The LoRaWAN Gateway receives the LoRa packet transmitted from an End-device installed in the adjacent location, converts it into the Internet protocol, and sends the packet to the final destination server. Current LoRa Gateway uses a single-hop method, and each gateway must include a communication network capable of the Internet. If it is the mobile communication(i.e., WCDMA, LTE, etc.) network, it is required to pay the internet usage fee which is installed in each gateway. If the LoRa communication is frequent, the user has to spend a lot of money. We propose an idea on how to design a multi-hop protocol which enables packet routing between gateways by analyzing the LoRaWAN communication method implemented in its existing single-hop way in this paper. For this purpose, this paper provides an analysis of the standard specification of LoRaWAN and explains what was considered when such protocol was designed. In this paper, two gateways have been placed based on the functional role so as to make the multi-hop protocol realized: (i) hopping gateway which receives packets from the end-device and forwards them to another gateway; and (ii) main gateway which finally transmits packets forwarded from the hopping gateway to the server via internet. Moreover, taking into account that LoRaWAN is wireless mobile communication, a level-based routing method is also included. If the protocol proposed by this paper is applied to the LoRaWAN network, the monthly internet fee incurred for the gateway will be reduced and the reliability of data transmission will be increased.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2000

Background and Purpose ; Sasang Constitutional medicine is dividing individual's constitutions into four categories. Determination of an individual's constitution however, can be different according to what diagnostic standards apply. In this study, We investigated how different the applying results of the three diagnostic standards-the yong-mo(容貌), the body type(體形), and the mind(心性)-are and what the inter-diagnostic standard agreement is. Methods ; 36 patients in cerebral-infarction, admitted into the Dong-Eui Korean hospital from 1. May. 2000 to 12. October. 2000, were diagnosed by three diagnostic standards - the yong-mo(容貌), the body type(體形), and the mind(心性). Each patient was treated by Sasang constitutional medicine. The agreement of the final constitutional diagnosis and the result of each diagnostic standard was analyzed. Results 1. The number of Taeeumin was 13(40.6%), Soyangin was 10(31.3%), Soeumin was 9(28.1%). 2. In terms of analysis on the agreement of the final constitutional diagnosis and the result of each diagnostic standard, the yong-mo(容貌) showed the highest agreement of 93.8%, followed by 68.8% of the mind(心性), and the body type(體形) showed the lowest agreement of 53.1%. 3. The yong-mo(容貌) standard showed high diagnostic rate of the three constitutions(Soyangin, Taeeumin, Soeumin) generally and diagnostic rate of Soeumin was especially high. The body type(體形) standard showed low diagnostic rate of Taeeumin, and high diagnostic rate of Soeumin. The mind(心性) standard showed low diagnostic rate of Soeumin. 4. In terms of analysis on the agreement of inter-diagnostic standard result, the yong-mo(容貌) and the mind(心性) show the highest agreement, the mind(心性) and the body type(體形) showed the lowest agreement. 5. If the results come out that the three diagnostic standards have no concentration on one constitution, it was effective to choose the result of the yong-mo(容貌) standard. If it is the case the result of inter-diagnostic standard agreed more than two, it was better to follow the two agreed result than to follow the result of one specific characteristic standard.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.82-98
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to overcome the limitations of existing studies, which linearly determine the precedence factors of competency in overseas subsidiaries. The research objectives are as follows. First, what kind of nonlinear effects does the level of control held by Korean headquarters over foreign subsidiaries have in terms of competency in the subsidiaries? Second, what kind of nonlinear effects do the local experiences of overseas subsidiaries have on their competency? Design/methodology - With data on Korean multinational corporations (MNCs), this paper analyzes the effects of control levels of headquarters (HQs) and host-country experiences of foreign subsidiaries regarding competency in overseas subsidiaries. In particular, this study focuses on nonlinear models, differentiating it from previous studies. In order to examine research hypotheses, this study conducted a survey of overseas subsidiaries of Korean corporations. Surveys were conducted through various methods including e-mail, online questionnaires, fax, and telephone calls. Copies of the questionnaire were distributed to a total of 2,246 overseas subsidiaries, and 409 completed responses were collected. Excluding 15 copies that were insufficiently answered, responses from a total of 394 copies were used for analysis. Findings - This study presents the following results. First, there is a U-shaped relationship between levels of HQ control and competency in foreign subsidiaries. This means that higher levels of HQ control negatively impact the competency levels of subsidiaries because strict control undermines autonomy in subsidiaries. However, if the level of HQ control exceeds a certain point, then the transfer of knowledge between HQs and subsidiaries is facilitated. Knowledge transferred from HQs can be used as prior knowledge by foreign subsidiaries to the benefit of all parties. Accordingly, knowledge transfer negates the negative effects of excessive HQ control and positively affects competency in subsidiaries. Second, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the local (host-country) experiences of subsidiaries and competency in foreign subsidiaries. This means that foreign subsidiaries can overcome the liabilities of foreignness and contribute to capability building by accumulating unique knowledge about their host countries. However, if local experiences accumulate excessively beyond a certain point, then the host country-specific experiences of foreign subsidiaries will offset the benefits discussed above. Excessive local experiences not only increase organizational inertia, but also create a problem of goal incongruence due to information asymmetry between HQs and subsidiaries. Therefore, excessive local experiences have negative effects on competency in foreign subsidiaries. Originality/value - This study suggests the following implications. First, unlike existing studies based mainly on linear models, this study presents important theoretical implications in its focus on nonlinear models and its analysis of the effects of HQ control and local experiences on competency in foreign subsidiaries from perspectives of organizational learning theory and agency theory. Second, in terms of practical implications, the results of this study suggest that optimally raising levels of HQ control and managing the local experiences of subsidiaries without increasing organizational inertia is important for enhancing competency in foreign subsidiaries.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-89
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• 2008

Using the data of 'middle-and old-aged people' in the 6th year(2003) of KLIPS(Korea Labor and Income Panel Study), this study compared entirely retired men's income source and amount of income divided by the time of retirement and analyzed the determinants of main income source and amount of income level using Multinomial Logit Analysis and Tobit Analysis. The results of these were as following; First, Entirely retired men has average 1.27 income source and the amount of income from main income source is positioned at 85% of total income. This result indicates the lack of variety to get opportunities of income sources for the living and also means high risk associated with the entirely retired men if he looses the main income source. Second, most of income source of entirely retired men is spouse's earned income or private income transfers, however, if we divide those as timing of retirement and characters of each individual, it is represented that the most of income source is differentiated by the position at labor market during work life and the opportunity for building the wealth, and the possibility of obtaining public pension and public support. Third, the income level depends on what sort of income source the retired men has, this shows that there is not a strong relationship between obtaining a Income source and gaining above the certain level of income.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-44
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• 1981

Nursing role tends to be more complex then before because of the increased number of health professionals and of the health needs of patient. Accordingly, nursing role expectations are various and sometimes conflict by its role set. There are various literatures on role conflict of nurses and discussed how to eliminate the conflict in order to improve nursing service particularly in the hospital organization. This study was designed to determine if role conflict exist among nurses who work in a hospital and if so what resolution were most frequently selected by the nurses to the role conflict. The study population was fifty six registered nurses of K university hospital. The fifty six was defined and selected by nonproportional stratified sampling method to obtain subjects who are from uniform role set. A questionnaire, a list of role connect, stimulated by the literature review, knowledge based on several years' experience in nursing was formulated by the author and administered to the study population. The questionnaire included twenty nine closed question items of role conflict and classified according to the intra sender conflict, intersender conflict, person conflict and interperson conflict. The response choices to the questions range on a scale continuum with degrees of conflict from one to five: never - 0, seldom - 1, occasionally - 2, frequently - 3, and mostly -4. Per cent, means, standard deviation, and x² -test were used to analyze data. The findings of the study could be summarized as follows. 1. General characterstics of the study population: Most of the population were between the age of 22-27 and are not married. 2. Analysis of Role conflict Existence of Role conflict of nurses was found by the total mean conflict score, 2.06. Inter Sender Role conflict revealed the most high mean conflict score and the lowest one was inter person role conflict. Among the five role senders of nurses: Physician, patient and hi9 family, peer and superior, nursing students and hospital administrator, nurses showed the highest conflict mean score for physicians and the lowest score for Nursing student. 3. Analysis of role conflict resolution. Compromise through discussion with the role sender was the most frequently selected method by the respondents. The result also showed that the respondents tend to resolve the conflicting situation created by patient or his family by persuation. On the o thor hand, Avoidance and ignorance was frequently chosen for the conflicting role expectations from the hospital administrator.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

Space is integrated or segment with organic formation by circulation path. It estimates important problem to grasp as factor that promote movement of visitor and space organization without grasping circulation as connection relation about simple space function from these viewpoint, is a thing which this study does not cause confusion to visitor's circulation path through data that analyze form of space connection and visitor's circulation path as quantitative in museum space and layout form that access by easy each unit exhibition grasps what it is. This study does factor grasping for guideline and inspection circulation path of layout by purpose in exhibition space on the basis of analytical result that grasps connection form between exhibition area that grasp laying stress on visitor's movement and appears in space through follow-up survey for circulation path of museum exhibition area. Space connection form that is expose by sequence of investigation and analysis(II) estimates on constituent affecting to visitor's circulation, and these do not speak for all space connection forms at the museum, but may systematize typology about connection form of unit spaces to utilize by indicator pointer of space planning if continue study to various spatial sphere more than hereafter. Unit exhibition area, divide connection form of space by grid and tree and laying stress on this quantitative data by spectator follow-up survey comparison and Estimate that space connection form provides partial basis of judgement for supposition that can promote direction and circulation path about visitor's movement if summarize result of investigation and analysis (III).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2020

The objectives of this study are to understand the meaning of cloud accounting, to investigate whether it is favorable for performance of the organization and what are the challenges if a country like Bangladesh wants to implement it. Primary data have been collected from 300 respondents selected from the field of accounting, such as accountants, accounting graduates of different universities, teachers and bankers. To measure the reliability and validity of the sample size and data, KMO and Bartlett's test have been adopted and the results proved to be reliable and valid for the study. Regression analysis has been done to find out the positive impact of cloud accounting on organizational performance and negative impact of cloud accounting on existing accounting system of the organization. The results of regression analysis supported our alternative hypotheses that cloud accounting can improve organizational performance, but it has also some negative impacts. Descriptive statistics have been used to find out the probable challenges that may be faced by organizations that want to implement it. This is a pioneering study because there is little research on this topic, thus it is expected to develop awareness about cloud accounting in field of accounting in Bangladesh.